
慶英会 塾長
慶英グループ CEO
一般選抜にて慶應義塾大学合格(英語入試正答率97%)
成績優秀者(慶應義塾維持会奨学生)として
慶應義塾大学を卒業(2023年)
一般財団法人 慶應連合三田会
慶應義塾横浜三田会 会員
高校在学中に英検1級取得
公益財団法人 日本英語検定協会「成績優秀者」に選出
中高主要科目で「オール5」
(最高評価・高校偏差値70)
国内最高峰の英語スピーチコンテスト
「高円宮杯全日本中学校英語弁論大会」
横浜市大会入賞・神奈川県大会進出
米国高校留学中、唯一の日本人として
全米最大級の高校生リーダーシップ団体
「FBLA」主催の英語スピーチコンテストに出場
ニューヨーク州大会準優勝・全米大会進出
米国の在籍高校代表として
「シカゴ国際模擬国連会議」に出場
慶應義塾大学在学中より英語指導を行い
「英語個別指導オンライン塾|慶英会」を設立
小学生から、現役英語講師・英検面接官を含む
社会人まで数百名以上を指導

(最前列左から2人目:塾長)
このページは英検3級の「能動態から受動態への書き換え」を大量に練習したい中学生向けの無料教材です。基礎4択・英作文40問に加え、下部に時制別の能動態→受動態40文(問41〜80)を追加しました。合計80問を無料公開しています。「is / are の選び方」など受け身そのものを基礎から理解する場合は、慶英会の受動態の基本を解説する40問ガイドを確認後、書き換え40問の演習へ進んでください。
英検3級の読解・英作文と中学校の定期テストで混同しやすいのが受動態(受け身)です。受動態は「~する」ではなく「~される」を表し、基本形はbe動詞+過去分詞。The teacher cleaned the room.(先生が部屋を掃除した)とThe room was cleaned by the teacher.(部屋は先生によって掃除された)のように、文の主語が変わります。慶英会では解説から独自40問・全解答・14日間復習まで、無料でそのまま学べるようまとめました。
もっとも重要なのは、単語を機械的に置き換えず、①誰が主語か、②現在・過去・未来か、③過去分詞が正しいかの順番で確認することです。英検3級の中学卒業程度という目安に沿った文法練習ですが、受動態が毎回決まった設問数で出るという意味ではありません。試験の正式な問題形式は英検協会の3級試験内容をご参照ください。
慶英会 塾長(慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級)監修のオリジナル教材。公式過去問、出題予想、英検協会の公認教材ではありません。40問へ|全問解答へ|復習計画へ。
受動態とは?|能動態との違いと主語の選び方
| 時制・種類 | 能動態 | 受動態 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在 | People speak English. | English is spoken. |
| 過去 | Ken cleaned the room. | The room was cleaned by Ken. |
| 未来 | They will build a bridge. | A bridge will be built. |
| 助動詞 | Students must finish the report. | The report must be finished. |
基本は目的語を主語へ移し、be動詞を時制・主語に合わせ、動詞を過去分詞にすることです。by+人を付けるのは、その行為者を説明したい場合に限ります。It is known that … のような形もありますが、最初は短い文を確実に作れることが先です。
be動詞の選び方|is / are / was / were / will be
| 主語・時 | be動詞の形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 単数・現在 | is | The door is opened at nine. |
| 複数・現在 | are | The rooms are cleaned every day. |
| 単数・過去 | was | The bike was repaired yesterday. |
| 複数・過去 | were | The bikes were repaired yesterday. |
| 未来 | will be | The event will be held tomorrow. |
| 助動詞あり | must be / can be / should be | The homework must be finished. |
英検3級でつまずく不規則な過去分詞
| 原形 | 過去形 | 過去分詞 | 短い例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| write | wrote | written | The letter was written. |
| make | made | made | The cake was made. |
| take | took | taken | The picture was taken. |
| build | built | built | The bridge was built. |
| speak | spoke | spoken | English is spoken. |
| grow | grew | grown | Rice is grown. |
| hold | held | held | The event will be held. |
| teach | taught | taught | Math is taught. |
現在完了とは何が違う?|同じ過去分詞でも役割は別
I have finished my homework. は現在完了で「宿題を終えた」。My homework was finished yesterday. は受動態で「宿題は昨日終えられた」です。have+過去分詞は経験・継続・完了など、be+過去分詞は受け身を表すのが基本です。現在完了40問の無料教材で時制との違いも確認できます。
英検3級受動態の無料問題|4択32問+記述8問
問1〜32は4択、問33〜40は書き換えと英訳です。学校でまだ習っていない範囲は基本形から解き、間違えた項目の解説を確認しましょう。選択肢は本教材独自で、英検3級の過去問を転記していません。
現在形の受動態|is / are+過去分詞
「ふだん~される」はis / are+過去分詞。主語が単数ならis、複数ならareです。
問1: English ( ) in many countries.
- A.is spoken
- B.speaks
- C.is speak
- D.spoken
問2: These cookies ( ) every morning.
- A.makes
- B.are made
- C.are make
- D.made
問3: The classroom ( ) after school.
- A.is clean
- B.clean
- C.is cleaned
- D.cleans
問4: The windows ( ) once a month.
- A.washes
- B.is washed
- C.wash
- D.are washed
問5: This book ( ) by many students.
- A.is read
- B.reads
- C.is reading
- D.readed
問6: Rice ( ) in this area.
- A.is grow
- B.is grown
- C.grows by
- D.grew by
問7: The homework ( ) every Friday.
- A.checks
- B.checked
- C.is checked
- D.are checked
問8: The pictures ( ) in the hall.
- A.shows
- B.is shown
- C.showing
- D.are shown
過去形の受動態|was / were+過去分詞
「昨日~された」「2005年に~された」はwas / wereを使います。過去形の一般動詞と混同しないでください。
問9: The museum ( ) in 2005.
- A.was opened
- B.is opened
- C.was open by
- D.open
問10: The letter ( ) yesterday.
- A.writes
- B.was written
- C.written
- D.has write
問11: The walls ( ) blue last year.
- A.are painted
- B.was painted
- C.were painted
- D.painted
問12: The cake ( ) by my mother last night.
- A.make
- B.made
- C.is make
- D.was made
問13: Those photos ( ) during the trip.
- A.were taken
- B.was taken
- C.took
- D.are take
問14: The door ( ) at nine last night.
- A.is closed
- B.was closed
- C.were closed
- D.close
問15: This song ( ) many years ago.
- A.wrote
- B.is wrote
- C.was written
- D.was wrote
問16: The bikes ( ) last week.
- A.repaired
- B.was repaired
- C.repair
- D.were repaired
未来・助動詞の受動態|will be / must be / can be
助動詞の後はbeの原形、さらに過去分詞です。will be held / must be finished / can be sentが基本形。
問17: The event ( ) next Monday.
- A.will be held
- B.will held
- C.will be hold
- D.is holding
問18: The report must ( ) today.
- A.finished
- B.be finished
- C.finishes
- D.be finish
問19: These forms can ( ) online.
- A.are sent
- B.be send
- C.be sent
- D.sending
問20: The doors should ( ) after class.
- A.lock
- B.locked
- C.is locked
- D.be locked
問21: A new school ( ) next year.
- A.will be built
- B.will built
- C.is build
- D.was built
問22: This question can ( ) in two ways.
- A.be answer
- B.be answered
- C.is answered
- D.answering
問23: The bags must ( ) under the seats.
- A.put
- B.be putted
- C.be put
- D.are put
問24: The room will ( ) tomorrow.
- A.cleaned
- B.be clean
- C.is cleaned
- D.be cleaned
by と主語の一致|4択8問
by+動作をした人は必要なときだけ付けます。受動態の主語が単数か複数かを必ず確認。
問25: This picture was drawn ( ) my brother.
- A.by
- B.with
- C.at
- D.for
問26: The books were written ( ) a famous writer.
- A.from
- B.by
- C.to
- D.in
問27: My lunch was ( ) by my father.
- A.cook
- B.cooking
- C.cooked
- D.cooks
問28: Those chairs ( ) made in Japan.
- A.is
- B.was
- C.be
- D.were
問29: The lesson is taught ( ) Ms. Brown.
- A.by
- B.of
- C.to
- D.on
問30: The museum was ( ) by a local architect.
- A.design
- B.designed
- C.designing
- D.designs
問31: A lot of pictures ( ) in the museum yesterday.
- A.is taken
- B.was taken
- C.were taken
- D.taken
問32: Math ( ) at our school every day.
- A.are taught
- B.teach
- C.teaching
- D.is taught
問33〜40|能動態から受動態・日本語から英訳
問33:Ken cleans this room every day. を受動態にする。
問34:My aunt made this cake yesterday. を受動態にする。
問35:Many people use this app. を受動態にする。
問36:The teacher checked our answers. を受動態にする。
問37:They will build a new bridge next year. を受動態にする。
問38:You must finish this task today. を受動態にする。
問39:「その窓は毎朝開けられます」を受動態で英訳。
問40:「この博物館は2020年に建てられました」を英訳。
全40問の解答・解説
答えと理由をまとめて開く(解答前は開かない)
現在形の受動態|is / are+過去分詞
問1:A is spoken
Englishは「話される」。speak–spoke–spoken。
問2:B are made
cookiesは複数なのでare made。
問3:C is cleaned
教室は「掃除される」→is cleaned。
問4:D are washed
windowsが複数、are washed。
問5:A is read
「読まれる」→is read。readの過去分詞もreadと綴ります。
問6:B is grown
grow–grew–grown。
問7:C is checked
homeworkは通常不可算扱い→is checked。
問8:D are shown
picturesは複数でare shown。
過去形の受動態|was / were+過去分詞
問9:A was opened
特定の過去に開館したのでwas opened。
問10:B was written
write–wrote–written。letterは単数。
問11:C were painted
wallsは複数、last yearは過去。
問12:D was made
cake単数+last night→was made。
問13:A were taken
photos複数、take–took–taken。
問14:B was closed
door単数でwas closed。
問15:C was written
songは「書かれた」のでwas written。
問16:D were repaired
bikes複数+last week→were repaired。
未来・助動詞の受動態|will be / must be / can be
問17:A will be held
hold–held–held、will be held。
問18:B be finished
must be finished。助動詞後はbe。
問19:C be sent
can be sent、send–sent–sent。
問20:D be locked
should be locked。
問21:A will be built
build–built–built、未来の受動態。
問22:B be answered
can be answered。
問23:C be put
putの過去分詞はput。must be put。
問24:D be cleaned
will be cleaned。
by と主語の一致|4択8問
問25:A by
描いた人はby my brother。
問26:B by
動作主を示すby。
問27:C cooked
was cookedで過去の受動態。
問28:D were
chairs複数、were made。
問29:A by
teach–taught–taught、byで動作主。
問30:B designed
was designed。
問31:C were taken
複数pictures+yesterday→were taken。
問32:D is taught
Math単数扱い、is taught。
問33:This room is cleaned by Ken every day.
目的語this roomが主語になる。現在形is cleaned。
問34:This cake was made by my aunt yesterday.
make–made–made、yesterday→was made。
問35:This app is used by many people.
単数this app+is used。
問36:Our answers were checked by the teacher.
answers複数+過去→were checked。
問37:A new bridge will be built next year.
will be+過去分詞。by themは省略可能。
問38:This task must be finished today.
must be finished。「誰が」は文脈上不要なら省く。
問39:The window is opened every morning.
受動態is opened。窓を開ける動作を示します。
問40:This museum was built in 2020.
build–built–built、過去→was built。
間違いやすい6文を直してみよう
| 誤文 | 正しい形 | 判断理由 |
|---|---|---|
| This picture was draw by my sister. | This picture was drawn by my sister. | draw–drew–drawn。 |
| The boxes is made here. | The boxes are made here. | boxesは複数。 |
| The house was build in 2010. | The house was built in 2010. | buildの過去分詞built。 |
| The event will held tomorrow. | The event will be held tomorrow. | willの後にbeが必要。 |
| This cake was made from my mother. | This cake was made by my mother. | 作った人はby。 |
| English is speak in many countries. | English is spoken in many countries. | speakの過去分詞spoken。 |
受動態が解けたのに英作文で失点する人へ
選択肢なら分かるのに英文を書くと間違う場合は、主語の単複や時制、過去分詞の3点を同時に覚える必要があります。例えばThe letters were sent yesterday.を「手紙は複数、昨日だから過去、sendの過去分詞はsent」と口で説明してから白紙で書くと、ただ答えを写すより弱点が明確になります。
14日間の復習手順
| 日程 | 学習課題 | 確認すること |
|---|---|---|
| 1〜2日目 | 問1〜8+主語の単複 | is/areを自力で選べる |
| 3〜4日目 | 問9〜16+過去分詞表 | was/wereと不規則変化 |
| 5〜6日目 | 問17〜24+will/must/can | 助動詞+be+過去分詞 |
| 7〜8日目 | 問25〜32+byの有無 | 人を説明する際だけby |
| 9〜10日目 | 問33〜40を書き直す | 能動から受動に正しく転換 |
| 11〜13日目 | 間違いだけ翌日再試 | 再現率・同じ誤りの有無 |
| 14日目 | 公式3級の初見問題を解く | 当ページの暗記成績と区別 |
よくある質問
「by+人」は必ず必要ですか?
いいえ。誰が行ったかが重要でない、または文脈上分かる場合は省略できます。A new bridge will be built next year.であれば、建設主体が不明でも意味は成立します。
受動態と現在完了は両方とも過去分詞ですか?
はい。ただしhave+過去分詞とbe+過去分詞では意味が異なります。has been cleaned のように組み合わさる形もありますが、まずはそれぞれの基本を確実にしましょう。
40問だけで英検3級の文法対策は完了しますか?
受動態という一単元を練習する教材です。英検3級全体には時制、助動詞、不定詞、関係代名詞などの理解や、読解・作文・リスニング・スピーキングも必要です。
関連する英検3級の無料教材
英検3級と学校の英語を同時に進める|慶英会
「受動態の4択はできても、定期テストの英作文は書けない」「現在完了と受け身が混ざる」ときは、間違えた英文の主語・動詞・時制を整理する個別指導が効果的です。慶英会では中高一貫校の英語と英検を連携させて学習します。最大1か月無料体験・学習相談はこちら。
参考にした主な公式情報
情報確認日:2026年10月26日。文法例、演習40問、全解説と復習計画は慶英会オリジナルです。英検の特定問題の出題確率・合格保証を示すものではありません。
能動態→受動態の書き換え40問|英文を白紙で作る
問41〜80は能動態の英文を、自然な受動態に直す課題です。主語(もとの目的語)→時制→be動詞→過去分詞→必要ならby+動作主の順に考えてください。もとの主語がthey・weなどの場合、特別な意味がなければby them / by us は省略できます。実際の英検3級の問題文を写したものではなく、慶英会による独自の英文法トレーニングです。
現在形・単数/複数|10問
問41: People speak English in this area. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問42: My sister washes these cups every day. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問43: The teacher checks the homework every Friday. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問44: Many people read this book. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問45: Farmers grow rice here. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問46: They clean the park every Sunday. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問47: Students use these tablets. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問48: They sell these flowers at the station. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問49: My father makes bread on weekends. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問50: The staff open the doors at nine. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
過去形・was/ were|10問
問51: The artist painted this picture in 2001. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問52: The police found the bag yesterday. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問53: Many people visited the museum last year. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問54: The teacher wrote the message this morning. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問55: My aunt baked these cookies yesterday. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問56: They built this bridge in 2010. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問57: Ken took these photos on Sunday. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問58: Our class finished the project last week. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問59: Workers repaired the road last night. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問60: The children broke the window yesterday. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
未来形・will be|10問
問61: People will hold the festival next month. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問62: They will open the new library next spring. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問63: The teacher will check the tests tomorrow. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問64: Students will clean the classroom after the event. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問65: They will send the letters next Monday. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問66: The city will build a new gym next year. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問67: The school will announce the result tomorrow. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問68: My brother will cook dinner tonight. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問69: They will paint the walls blue next week. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問70: We will use the new computers next term. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
助動詞・must / should / can+be|10問
問71: You must finish this report. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問72: Students should return the books by Friday. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問73: We can answer the question in English. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問74: People must follow these rules. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問75: You should close the window. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問76: We can see this bird in winter. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問77: Students must wear helmets here. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問78: They can solve this problem easily. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問79: We should keep the room clean. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
問80: You must wash these plates. (受動態の文へ書き換えなさい)
書き換え問41〜80の全解答と根拠
書き換え40文の答え・解説を表示
現在形・単数/複数
問41:English is spoken in this area.
理由:主語をEnglishに移しis spoken。
元の文:People speak English in this area.
問42:These cups are washed by my sister every day.
理由:cupsが複数なのでare washed。
元の文:My sister washes these cups every day.
問43:The homework is checked by the teacher every Friday.
理由:homeworkは不可算名詞としてis checked。
元の文:The teacher checks the homework every Friday.
問44:This book is read by many people.
理由:readは過去分詞も同じ綴り。
元の文:Many people read this book.
問45:Rice is grown here.
理由:grow–grew–grown。
元の文:Farmers grow rice here.
問46:The park is cleaned every Sunday.
理由:parkは単数。
元の文:They clean the park every Sunday.
問47:These tablets are used by students.
理由:tablets複数でare used。
元の文:Students use these tablets.
問48:These flowers are sold at the station.
理由:sell–sold–sold。
元の文:They sell these flowers at the station.
問49:Bread is made by my father on weekends.
理由:make–made–made。
元の文:My father makes bread on weekends.
問50:The doors are opened at nine.
理由:doors複数でare opened。
元の文:The staff open the doors at nine.
過去形・was/ were
問51:This picture was painted by the artist in 2001.
理由:2001年の過去、単数picture→was painted。
元の文:The artist painted this picture in 2001.
問52:The bag was found by the police yesterday.
理由:find–found–found。
元の文:The police found the bag yesterday.
問53:The museum was visited by many people last year.
理由:visitedを過去分詞として利用。
元の文:Many people visited the museum last year.
問54:The message was written by the teacher this morning.
理由:write–wrote–written。
元の文:The teacher wrote the message this morning.
問55:These cookies were baked by my aunt yesterday.
理由:cookies複数+昨日→were baked。
元の文:My aunt baked these cookies yesterday.
問56:This bridge was built in 2010.
理由:build–built–built。
元の文:They built this bridge in 2010.
問57:These photos were taken by Ken on Sunday.
理由:take–took–taken。
元の文:Ken took these photos on Sunday.
問58:The project was finished by our class last week.
理由:project単数→was finished。
元の文:Our class finished the project last week.
問59:The road was repaired last night.
理由:was repaired。
元の文:Workers repaired the road last night.
問60:The window was broken by the children yesterday.
理由:break–broke–broken。
元の文:The children broke the window yesterday.
未来形・will be
問61:The festival will be held next month.
理由:hold–held–held。
元の文:People will hold the festival next month.
問62:The new library will be opened next spring.
理由:will be opened。
元の文:They will open the new library next spring.
問63:The tests will be checked by the teacher tomorrow.
理由:will be checked、複数主語でもbeのまま。
元の文:The teacher will check the tests tomorrow.
問64:The classroom will be cleaned by students after the event.
理由:未来→will be cleaned。
元の文:Students will clean the classroom after the event.
問65:The letters will be sent next Monday.
理由:send–sent–sent。
元の文:They will send the letters next Monday.
問66:A new gym will be built next year.
理由:will be built。
元の文:The city will build a new gym next year.
問67:The result will be announced by the school tomorrow.
理由:will be announced。
元の文:The school will announce the result tomorrow.
問68:Dinner will be cooked by my brother tonight.
理由:will be cooked。
元の文:My brother will cook dinner tonight.
問69:The walls will be painted blue next week.
理由:wallsを主語にしてwill be painted。
元の文:They will paint the walls blue next week.
問70:The new computers will be used next term.
理由:will be used。
元の文:We will use the new computers next term.
助動詞・must / should / can+be
問71:This report must be finished.
理由:must be finished。
元の文:You must finish this report.
問72:The books should be returned by Friday.
理由:should be returned。
元の文:Students should return the books by Friday.
問73:The question can be answered in English.
理由:can be answered。
元の文:We can answer the question in English.
問74:These rules must be followed.
理由:must be followed。
元の文:People must follow these rules.
問75:The window should be closed.
理由:should be closed。
元の文:You should close the window.
問76:This bird can be seen in winter.
理由:see–saw–seen。
元の文:We can see this bird in winter.
問77:Helmets must be worn here.
理由:wear–wore–worn。
元の文:Students must wear helmets here.
問78:This problem can be solved easily.
理由:can be solved。
元の文:They can solve this problem easily.
問79:The room should be kept clean.
理由:keep–kept–kept。
元の文:We should keep the room clean.
問80:These plates must be washed.
理由:must be washed。
元の文:You must wash these plates.
80問の使い分け|選択問題と英作文を分けて点検
問1〜32の4択は「見れば分かる」受容知識、問33〜40と問41〜80の書き換えは「自力で作れる」産出知識を確かめるためのものです。書き換えで間違えた場合、①主語にする目的語を取り違えた ②時制がずれた ③be動詞がない ④過去分詞が違う ⑤byを付けすぎたのどこで失敗したか記録してください。
受動態を復習したら、過去分詞・不規則動詞の確認教材で動詞変化を再確認し、英検3級短文空所補充で時制・文脈の初見問題に戻します。書き換え80問の丸暗記だけで合否判定はできません。
英検3級の無料教材をもっと学ぶ:本単元の復習後は、慶英会・英検3級総合教材ナビ(4技能28問診断と全解答)で、長文・英作文・リスニング・面接の弱点を確認し、次の学習内容を選んでください。

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