
慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検2級の長文で「アンケート回答者の大半が賛成」を「学校全員が賛成」と読んでいませんか。調査を扱う説明文では、回答者・調査の対象者・まだ回答していない人を区別する必要があります。Most respondents liked the idea. は、Most students at the school liked the idea. と同じとは限りません。さらに「便利だと感じた」と「効果が実証された」も異なります。
慶英会は、回答者の範囲を保つ訂正16問+独自4長文の内容一致24問+英文要約4題=合計44課題を作成しました。すべてに解答・根拠・詳細な解説と45〜55語の模範要約を付けた無料教材です。掲載している調査内容・人数はすべて学習用に創作した架空の事例であり、実在の研究成果や英検公式問題ではありません。
結論|「回答者」「調査対象者全体」「未回答者」を分ける
| 本文の語句 | 正確な意味 | 避けたい解釈 |
|---|---|---|
| respondents | 実際に答えた人 | 招待された全員と同じ |
| participants | 参加した人 | 全住民・全生徒と同じ |
| many respondents reported … | 多くの回答者がそう述べた | 客観的な効果が証明された |
| not representative of everyone | 全員の考えを代表しているとは限らない | 調査が必ず無価値だという意味 |
| had not compared … | 比較していなかった | 効果なしと証明された |
英検2級の出題形式との関係
日本英語検定協会の公式試験内容では、Readingは短文空所補充17問、長文空所補充6問、長文内容一致8問、Writingは英文要約1題と意見英作文1題です。Reading・Writingの合計は85分。今回の題材は「調査」が必ず出るという出題予測ではありません。社会的な説明文の範囲・事実関係・条件を正しく読み取るための独自演習です。英文要約では45〜55語、意見英作文では80〜100語を目安とする公式の2級過去問の指示を確認してください。
まず4つの区別を理解する
- 対象:誰に質問したか(招待者・利用者・受講者など)。
- 回答:実際に何人が答えたか、特定の問いに答えていない人はいないか。
- 測定:「便利だと感じた」という回答と、実際に成績や利用が変わったかの測定を分ける。
- 結論:調査で分かった範囲以上へ、対象や因果を広げない。
正しい読解は、調査を全否定することでも盲信することでもありません。資料が何を示し、何を示していないかを区別することです。
Part 1|独自16問:元の意味を変えずに英文を直す
各問では「原文の情報」と「誤った要約」が並びます。どの情報が広がったか、確定していないことを断定したか考え、適切な短文へ修正してください。
第1問・原文:Of the 200 students invited, only 60 answered the survey.
誤った解釈:All 200 students answered.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
Sixty of the 200 invited students answered.
理由:invited(招待者)とrespondents(回答者)は別。未回答者の意見はここから分からない。
第2問・原文:Most respondents preferred the new timetable.
誤った解釈:Most students at the school preferred it.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
Most people who answered preferred the new timetable.
理由:most respondentsの範囲を学校全体へ広げない。
第3問・原文:A few people said the booking system was difficult.
誤った解釈:Everyone found the system difficult.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
A few respondents found the booking system difficult.
理由:a fewは少数でありeveryoneではない。
第4問・原文:The survey did not include students without internet access.
誤った解釈:The results represent students without internet.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
Students without internet access were not included.
理由:調査に含まれていない層について結論づけない。
第5問・原文:Participants reported feeling healthier after the event.
誤った解釈:The event proved that participants became healthier.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
Participants said they felt healthier after the event.
理由:自己申告と客観的な健康改善・因果の証明は異なる。
第6問・原文:Researchers compared answers from two different schools.
誤った解釈:The same students were interviewed twice.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
Researchers collected answers from students at two schools.
理由:二つの学校を比較したことと、同一人物への前後調査は別。
第7問・原文:Only 30 residents responded to the public questionnaire.
誤った解釈:Exactly 30 residents live in the town.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
Thirty residents replied to the questionnaire.
理由:回答者30人と住民総数30人は違う。
第8問・原文:The survey asked about satisfaction but not travel time.
誤った解釈:It measured reductions in travel time.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
It collected satisfaction information, not travel-time data.
理由:尋ねた項目と測定していない項目を区別する。
第9問・原文:Many respondents said they would consider using bicycles.
誤った解釈:Many residents have already started cycling.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
Many respondents said they might try cycling.
理由:considerは検討であり、実際の行動とは違う。
第10問・原文:The results were based on a voluntary online survey.
誤った解釈:Everyone was required to take part.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
People chose whether to answer an online survey.
理由:voluntaryは任意。回答者が自ら選んだことは全住民の意見を保証しない。
第11問・原文:The report did not compare test scores before and after.
誤った解釈:The program raised test scores.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
The report did not establish a change in scores.
理由:比較していなければ得点変化はこの報告から判断できない。
第12問・原文:Some participants skipped the question about costs.
誤った解釈:All answers about costs are complete.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
Some participants did not answer the cost question.
理由:質問項目ごとの回答数が異なる可能性がある。
第13問・原文:The survey was conducted during the lunch break.
誤った解釈:The results describe every hour of the school day.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
The survey was conducted at lunchtime.
理由:調査が実施された時間帯と、結果を一般化できる時間帯は別。
第14問・原文:The center surveyed people who attended its workshop.
誤った解釈:The center surveyed people who never attended.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
The center asked workshop attendees.
理由:受講していない人の感想までは分からない。
第15問・原文:Staff have not yet checked whether comments were duplicated.
誤った解釈:Every reply came from a unique person.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
Staff have not confirmed that all comments came from different people.
理由:重複未確認なのに個人数として断定しない。
第16問・原文:The town will repeat the survey next year.
誤った解釈:The second survey has already finished.
正しい言い換えと誤読の解説
The town plans to conduct another survey next year.
理由:will repeat=将来の計画で、完了済みではない。
Part 2|独自4長文・内容一致24問
次の4長文はいずれも慶英会が独自作成した架空の調査事例です。各長文に4択6問を収録しました。先に本文の誰が回答したか、何を測定したかを整理してから解答してください。
長文1|学校図書室の夜間開放アンケート
A secondary school considered keeping its library open for one extra hour after classes. Before deciding, teachers emailed a questionnaire to 240 students. Sixty students submitted answers. Of those respondents, most welcomed the idea because they wanted a quiet place to complete homework or wait for club activities to finish.
However, the questionnaire was available only online. Teachers knew that some students rarely checked school email, and they did not know whether those students would agree with the respondents. The school also had not measured how many students would actually use the library during the proposed extra hour.
The school will run a two-week trial and record attendance before making a permanent decision. Staff will also accept paper comments during the trial so students who find online forms difficult can share their views.
Q1. How many students answered the original questionnaire?
- 240.
- 180.
- 60.
- All students at the school.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:C 60.
原文:Sixty students submitted answers.
解説:240は案内を送った人数。
Q2. What did most respondents think?
- They welcomed longer library hours.
- They wanted the library to close earlier.
- They disliked every study space.
- They had all already used the extra hour.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:A They welcomed longer library hours.
原文:Of those respondents, most welcomed the idea.
解説:most studentsとは書かれていない。
Q3. Which group may have been underrepresented?
- Teachers who work in the library.
- Students who seldom checked school email.
- Students who answered the form.
- Staff running the trial.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:B Students who seldom checked school email.
原文:some students rarely checked school email.
解説:回答しなかった層の意見が不明。
Q4. What had not been measured?
- Whether the school has a library.
- Whether classes ended.
- Whether the questionnaire was online.
- How many students would actually use the extra hour.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:D How many students would actually use the extra hour.
原文:had not measured how many … actually use.
解説:意見と実際の利用行動を区別。
Q5. What will the school do before a permanent decision?
- Close the library forever.
- Require every student to join.
- Test longer hours for two weeks and record attendance.
- Delete all books.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:C Test longer hours for two weeks and record attendance.
原文:run a two-week trial and record attendance.
解説:調査だけで恒久化しない。
Q6. Why will paper comments be accepted?
- To include students who struggle with online forms.
- To replace all school email forever.
- To prevent students from reading books.
- To collect bus tickets.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:A To include students who struggle with online forms.
原文:so students who find online forms difficult can share their views.
解説:調査参加の機会を広げる。
英文要約の実戦課題(45〜55語)
原文の主題・結果・調査の限界・次の計画を45〜55語で要約してください。読者に自分の意見を伝える課題ではないため、本文にない主張を加えないでください。
独自模範要約(48語)と根拠
A school surveyed students about longer library hours, and most respondents supported the idea. However, only some students answered an online questionnaire, so their views may not represent everyone. The school also lacked data on actual use. It will test longer hours and collect more feedback before deciding.
原文の回答者の範囲、確認できた事実と未測定の事項、今後の予定を保持した一例です。言い換えの英文が原文の確実性を変えていないか照合してください。語数は空白区切りの参考値です。
長文2|地域の共有自転車に対する満足度調査
A town tested a shared-bicycle service near its railway station. At the end of the trial, officials asked users who had borrowed a bicycle to complete an optional survey. One hundred people answered. Many respondents said the service was convenient for short trips to shops and public buildings.
Some local newspapers described the survey as proof that the town’s residents preferred shared bicycles to cars. However, the questionnaire did not ask people who had never tried the service. Officials also had not compared the number of car journeys before and after the trial. They could report users’ satisfaction, but they could not claim that the service had reduced car use.
The town will continue collecting borrowing records and will ask nonusers about possible problems, such as price, parking spaces, and road safety. A decision about expanding the service has not been made.
Q1. Who was invited to answer the original survey?
- All drivers in the town.
- People who had used the bicycle service.
- Only school teachers.
- Residents of a different city.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:B People who had used the bicycle service.
原文:asked users who had borrowed a bicycle.
解説:利用していない人は対象外。
Q2. How many people answered?
- One hundred.
- One thousand.
- Ten.
- Every person in the town.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:A One hundred.
原文:One hundred people answered.
解説:住民総数ではない。
Q3. What did many respondents report?
- The service had closed.
- Cars were no longer needed.
- The service was convenient for short trips.
- Every road became safer.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:C The service was convenient for short trips.
原文:many respondents said … convenient.
解説:主観的な便利さ。
Q4. Why was the newspaper’s conclusion too strong?
- The service was always free.
- The trial lasted a full year.
- No user was invited.
- Nonusers were not surveyed and car journeys were not compared.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:D Nonusers were not surveyed and car journeys were not compared.
原文:did not ask people who had never tried … had not compared car journeys.
解説:住民全体の嗜好と車利用削減を証明できない。
Q5. What group will be asked about possible problems next?
- Museum visitors only.
- People who have not used the service.
- Only professional cyclists.
- Only store owners.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:B People who have not used the service.
原文:will ask nonusers.
解説:非利用者の意見を収集予定。
Q6. What is true about expanding the program?
- It has not been decided.
- It has been approved for every station.
- It was completed before the trial.
- It must happen next week.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:A It has not been decided.
原文:A decision … has not been made.
解説:拡大未決定。
英文要約の実戦課題(45〜55語)
原文の主題・結果・調査の限界・次の計画を45〜55語で要約してください。読者に自分の意見を伝える課題ではないため、本文にない主張を加えないでください。
独自模範要約(48語)と根拠
A town surveyed users of a shared-bicycle trial, and many respondents liked its convenience. However, nonusers were not included, and car journeys were not compared, so officials could not claim reduced driving. The town will collect more records and ask nonusers about obstacles before deciding whether to expand.
原文の回答者の範囲、確認できた事実と未測定の事項、今後の予定を保持した一例です。言い換えの英文が原文の確実性を変えていないか照合してください。語数は空白区切りの参考値です。
長文3|授業動画で自信がついたという回答
A school introduced short videos explaining difficult science topics. Teachers invited students who watched the videos to answer a questionnaire about their experience. Several respondents said they felt more confident when discussing science in class. Other students said they liked being able to replay difficult explanations at home.
Although these comments were encouraging, the school had not compared examination scores with those of students who did not watch the videos. In addition, students without reliable internet access were less likely to use the materials. Their learning experiences were not fully represented in the responses.
Teachers are considering allowing students to download videos while at school and use them offline later. They will also compare results from different groups before deciding how useful the videos are for improving academic performance.
Q1. Who was invited to answer the questionnaire?
- Students who had watched the videos.
- Only students who failed science.
- All parents in the town.
- The school’s bus drivers.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:A Students who had watched the videos.
原文:students who watched the videos.
解説:非利用者を含めた全員ではない。
Q2. What did some respondents report?
- Guaranteed improvement in examination scores.
- Greater confidence in class discussions.
- A complete end to science lessons.
- No interest in the videos.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:B Greater confidence in class discussions.
原文:felt more confident … discussing science.
解説:自己報告。
Q3. What had not been compared?
- The number of videos.
- The classroom temperature.
- Examination scores of users and nonusers.
- The school’s opening hours.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:C Examination scores of users and nonusers.
原文:had not compared examination scores … students who did not watch.
解説:客観的な成績の比較は未実施。
Q4. Which students’ experiences were not fully represented?
- Students who liked replaying explanations.
- Teachers using the videos.
- Students with perfect attendance.
- Students with unreliable internet access.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:D Students with unreliable internet access.
原文:without reliable internet … not fully represented.
解説:調査対象の偏り。
Q5. What possible change is the school considering?
- Ending video access forever.
- Allowing offline viewing after school downloads.
- Removing all classroom lessons.
- Requiring students to buy phones.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:B Allowing offline viewing after school downloads.
原文:considering allowing … download … use offline.
解説:検討段階。
Q6. Why will teachers compare different groups?
- To assess whether videos improve academic performance.
- To choose new school uniforms.
- To schedule a museum tour.
- To sell an application.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:A To assess whether videos improve academic performance.
原文:compare results … improving academic performance.
解説:効果検証の目的。
英文要約の実戦課題(45〜55語)
原文の主題・結果・調査の限界・次の計画を45〜55語で要約してください。読者に自分の意見を伝える課題ではないため、本文にない主張を加えないでください。
独自模範要約(47語)と根拠
A school surveyed students who watched science videos. Some reported greater confidence and liked replaying explanations, but examination scores had not been compared with nonusers. Students with unreliable internet were also underrepresented. Teachers may offer offline access and compare different groups before judging the videos’ educational effects.
原文の回答者の範囲、確認できた事実と未測定の事項、今後の予定を保持した一例です。言い換えの英文が原文の確実性を変えていないか照合してください。語数は空白区切りの参考値です。
長文4|地域講座の参加者アンケートと次回計画
A community center offered workshops on repairing simple household items. After each workshop, staff handed feedback forms to people who stayed until the end. Many respondents said the activities were useful and that they would recommend them to friends.
However, some participants left early because they found the lessons too difficult. Those participants did not receive a form, so their views were missing from the original survey. Staff also noticed that fewer participants completed questions about the cost of materials than questions about the instructors.
Before introducing more advanced classes, the center will invite feedback from everyone who registered, including people who left early. It will also make questions optional but record how many people answer each one. Organizers have not yet decided whether to add advanced lessons.
Q1. Who received the original feedback forms?
- Every resident in town.
- Only workshop teachers.
- People who stayed until the end.
- Everyone who applied online.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:C People who stayed until the end.
原文:handed feedback forms to people who stayed until the end.
解説:早退者は含まれない。
Q2. What did many respondents say?
- The lessons were useful and worth recommending.
- All activities were too difficult.
- The center had closed.
- Costs had doubled.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:A The lessons were useful and worth recommending.
原文:many respondents said … useful … recommend.
解説:回答した人に限定。
Q3. Which people were missing from the original responses?
- People who finished the workshop.
- Participants who left early.
- Instructors who stayed.
- People who read the signs.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:B Participants who left early.
原文:left early … did not receive a form.
解説:回答者の偏り。
Q4. Why might answer counts differ between questions?
- The survey was held in three countries.
- The library closed early.
- All questions were required.
- Fewer people answered the materials-cost questions.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:D Fewer people answered the materials-cost questions.
原文:fewer participants completed questions about cost.
解説:質問項目ごとに回答数が異なる。
Q5. How will the next feedback process change?
- Only successful students may reply.
- Every answer must contain a name.
- All registrants will be invited, including early leavers.
- No comments will be accepted.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:C All registrants will be invited, including early leavers.
原文:invite feedback from everyone who registered, including … left early.
解説:回答者を広げる。
Q6. Has the center decided to offer advanced classes?
- No, the decision has not been made.
- Yes, they start tomorrow.
- Yes, all classes are already advanced.
- No, the entire center has closed.
正解・本文の根拠・誤答の理由
正解:A No, the decision has not been made.
原文:not yet decided whether to add advanced lessons.
解説:次回計画は未確定。
英文要約の実戦課題(45〜55語)
原文の主題・結果・調査の限界・次の計画を45〜55語で要約してください。読者に自分の意見を伝える課題ではないため、本文にない主張を加えないでください。
独自模範要約(49語)と根拠
A community center surveyed workshop attendees who stayed until the end, and many reported positive experiences. Early leavers were not included, while some questions received fewer answers than others. The center will invite all registrants to provide feedback and track response numbers before deciding whether to offer advanced classes.
原文の回答者の範囲、確認できた事実と未測定の事項、今後の予定を保持した一例です。言い換えの英文が原文の確実性を変えていないか照合してください。語数は空白区切りの参考値です。
誤答を原因別に分類する
| 誤り | 戻って読む語句 | 修正ポイント |
|---|---|---|
| 回答者を学校全体と考えた | respondents / invited / participants | 誰の回答かを明示 |
| 感想を客観的な成果とした | reported / felt / measured | 自己報告と数値の検証を区別 |
| 未回答者の意見も推測した | did not include / nonusers | 調査に含まれない層を確認 |
| 検討中の対応を実施済みにした | considering / will test / has not decided | 事実と将来計画を区別 |
学校のテスト対策にも利用する7日間の練習
- 1日目:短文1〜8問を読み、主語の範囲を説明する。
- 2日目:短文9〜16問で未測定と回答者の選び方を区別する。
- 3日目:長文1の6問と英文要約を自力で解く。
- 4日目:長文2の6問と英文要約を自力で解く。
- 5日目:長文3の6問と英文要約を自力で解く。
- 6日目:長文4の6問と英文要約を自力で解く。
- 7日目:英検協会の未使用過去問を使い、別の説明文でも内容の範囲を正確に読めるか確認する。
この日数は慶英会が提案する練習例であり、得点上昇・合格を保証するものではありません。
よくある質問
「回答者のほとんどが賛成」は「全生徒のほとんどが賛成」ですか?
同じとは限りません。回答していない生徒の意見まで示していない場合は「回答者」と限定して書きます。
少ない人数の調査はすべて間違いですか?
いいえ。調査には有益な情報があり得ます。ただし対象者・回答方法・実際に測定した内容を超えて全体の結論へ一般化しないことが重要です。
「多くの人が便利だと感じた」は「利用時間が短くなった証拠」ですか?
いいえ。満足度や感想と、実際の所要時間を測定した結果は別です。調査が何を尋ねたかを確認します。
英文要約で人数や数字をすべて残すべきですか?
中心的な数量や対象の限定は必要ですが、すべての細部を残すとは限りません。削除する場合は結論の範囲・主題を変えないようにします。
英検2級でアンケート問題は必ず出ますか?
必ず出るとは限りません。本教材は出題予測ではなく、学校・科学・地域に関する説明文の読解技能を鍛えるためのものです。
次に学ぶ慶英会の無料教材
調査結果や社会的な英文を読めても、内容一致選択肢や英文要約で対象を広げてしまう場合は、原文と答案の「誰が・何を・どの程度」を照合する練習が必要です。慶英会では中高一貫校の英語と英検2級を個別指導しています。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご利用ください。
参考にした主な公式情報
日本英語検定協会|2級の試験内容、英検2級の公式過去問。本教材の全44題・英文・解答は慶英会が独自制作した架空の事例です。
調査結果の範囲を正確に読むために:英検2級most・almost・mostlyの独自50問を追加しました。調査回答者の「大多数」を住民全体の「ほぼ全員」と読み替えない練習ができます。
アンケートの回答者・母集団を確認したら:英検2級according to・based on・depending onの独自44問で、調査に基づく結論と「誰がそう述べたか」を区別できます。
アンケートの数値と母集団の限界を読む発展:rise・raise・increase・reduceの独自44問では、増加幅・最終値と「増えた=原因が確定した」の誤読を防ぐ長文も練習できます。
調査回答者の範囲を誤らないための実戦練習:英検2級推論44問では、回答者が一部だけの場合に地域全体へ結果を一般化できるかどうかを演習できます。
調査の回答者・未回答者の扱いに加え数字の出所も確認:英検2級count・measure・estimate・calculateの独自44問では、集計済みの回答数と予想・推計を区別して練習できます。
回答者・未回答者の範囲を正確に読む追加教材:英検2級amount・number・proportion・percentageの独自44問で、回答率の分母と、回答者の意見が示す範囲を確認できます。
一部のアンケート回答だけを頼りにするリスクも考える:depend on・rely on・count onの独自44問で、判断根拠への依存と未回答者の影響を読解できます。
アンケート回答者の範囲と回答率を、実際の数字で読み分ける:英検2級長文の数字・表・割合32問で、招待者と回答者の分母、未回答者の扱いを全解答付きで練習できます。
英検対策を個別に相談したい保護者様へ

慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する
今の級から次の級へ進むために、語彙・文法・長文・英作文・面接のどこを優先するか。慶英会では、学年と目標級、受験予定に合わせてオンライン個別指導をご案内しています。
最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご希望の方は、慶英会公式LINEからご連絡ください。LINEでは「学年・現在の英検級・目標級・受験予定時期」を分かる範囲でお送りください。
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受講内容・無料体験の条件と受付状況は無料体験のご案内で確認できます。料金・コース・無料体験の条件もご確認ください。相談だけでも受け付けています。

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