
慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検1級リーディング・慶英会独自無料第32セット。 語彙22問、長文空所6問、内容一致7問の全35問・140択に、語彙の全選択肢の和訳、独自長文4篇の全文和訳、誤答の根拠を掲載します。今回のテーマは防潮扉、共同貨物輸送、天文台の検出数、学校修理基金。予約・検出の数と実際の成果、試行と恒久化を区別する読解を重点的に学びます。
英検1級の公式Readingは短文語句空所22問・長文空所6問・長文内容一致7問です。日本英語検定協会の公式1級試験内容。本教材は出題内訳を参考に慶英会が独自制作したもので公式過去問ではありません。
解答根拠を見つける4つの視点
- 直接測定された数値は何か。予約数と実際の走行・エネルギー消費は違う。
- 試行場所と比較期間は適切か。他の施策や天候が同時に変わっていないか。
- 誰が利益を得て、誰に不便が生じるか。
- 最終的に承認されたのは追加評価か恒久展開か。
第1部|短文語句空所22問・全88択
Q1. Independent inspectors will (____) the laboratory’s claims before the data are used for new regulations.
- A. verify
- B. impute
- C. defer
- D. fabricate
Q2. The council found the financial projection (____) because it assumed no future maintenance costs.
- A. feasible
- B. untenable
- C. resilient
- D. proportionate
Q3. The policy might (____) existing difficulties for rural residents if paper applications disappear.
- A. mitigate
- B. explain
- C. exacerbate
- D. anticipate
Q4. A careful comparison was necessary to (____) the effects of the new program from other changes.
- A. endorse
- B. inflate
- C. obviate
- D. isolate
Q5. The archive provided a clear (____) of each artifact, documenting earlier ownership and transfers.
- A. provenance
- B. threshold
- C. mandate
- D. corollary
Q6. The proposed restrictions generated a public (____) among communities that had not been consulted.
- A. inference
- B. backlash
- C. concession
- D. incentive
Q7. The review disclosed a substantial (____) between official invoices and published expenditure figures.
- A. consensus
- B. precedent
- C. discrepancy
- D. allocation
Q8. The committee postponed its decision until the project had demonstrated technical (____).
- A. dissent
- B. liability
- C. provenance
- D. feasibility
Q9. The experiment relied on a (____) sample collected from several distinct regions.
- A. representative
- B. sporadic
- C. provisional
- D. incidental
Q10. The museum hired a specialist to (____) the faded inscriptions without replacing missing words with guesses.
- A. extrapolate
- B. decipher
- C. conflate
- D. supersede
Q11. Emergency repairs helped (____) a complete shutdown of the public water system.
- A. impose
- B. worsen
- C. avert
- D. trigger
Q12. The new reporting requirement was considered (____) because it affected small firms far more than large ones.
- A. unanimous
- B. transparent
- C. tentative
- D. disproportionate
Q13. The researchers made their measurements (____) by providing complete documentation of calibration settings.
- A. replicable
- B. irreversible
- C. anecdotal
- D. unwarranted
Q14. The authors were asked to (____) an unsupported conclusion from their draft report.
- A. corroborate
- B. withdraw
- C. justify
- D. allocate
Q15. The design included a (____) for temporary power failures so essential services could continue.
- A. precedent
- B. mandate
- C. contingency
- D. disparity
Q16. The report explained that a correlation did not (____) that the intervention had caused the improvement.
- A. preserve
- B. deter
- C. exclude
- D. establish
Q17. A (____) review identified several mistakes that a quick reading had failed to detect.
- A. rigorous
- B. cursory
- C. temporary
- D. arbitrary
Q18. The city’s plan required a (____) source of funding, not merely a one-time donation.
- A. intermittent
- B. sustainable
- C. speculative
- D. obsolete
Q19. The organization was criticized for making an (____) claim of universal success based on a small trial.
- A. well-founded
- B. transparent
- C. unwarranted
- D. modest
Q20. The procedure allowed affected residents to seek an independent (____) of incorrect decisions.
- A. obstacle
- B. assumption
- C. generalization
- D. review
Q21. The researchers emphasized the (____) of observations gathered under different weather conditions.
- A. limitations
- B. certainty
- C. uniformity
- D. finality
Q22. The regulator demanded clearer (____) of the risks before approving the equipment.
- A. endorsement
- B. disclosure
- C. withdrawal
- D. exclusion
22問の正答と88語義・詳解
Q1 正答 A:verify。 独立した査察官が主張をverifyする。 4択の和訳:A. verify=検証する / B. impute=帰属する / C. defer=延期する / D. fabricate=捏造する
Q2 正答 B:untenable。 保守費ゼロという不合理な前提でuntenable。 4択の和訳:A. feasible=実現可能な / B. untenable=成立しない / C. resilient=回復力がある / D. proportionate=比例的な
Q3 正答 C:exacerbate。 非デジタル手段の廃止が困難を悪化。 4択の和訳:A. mitigate=軽減する / B. explain=説明する / C. exacerbate=悪化させる / D. anticipate=予想する
Q4 正答 D:isolate。 施策の独立した影響をisolate。 4択の和訳:A. endorse=支持する / B. inflate=誇張する / C. obviate=不要にする / D. isolate=分離する
Q5 正答 A:provenance。 previous owners and transfers=provenance。 4択の和訳:A. provenance=来歴・出所 / B. threshold=しきい値 / C. mandate=委任・命令 / D. corollary=帰結
Q6 正答 B:backlash。 参加しなかった地域からのpublic backlash。 4択の和訳:A. inference=推論 / B. backlash=反発 / C. concession=譲歩 / D. incentive=誘因
Q7 正答 C:discrepancy。 数値の食い違い=discrepancy。 4択の和訳:A. consensus=合意 / B. precedent=先例 / C. discrepancy=不一致 / D. allocation=配分
Q8 正答 D:feasibility。 technical feasibility。 4択の和訳:A. dissent=異議 / B. liability=法的責任 / C. provenance=来歴 / D. feasibility=実現可能性
Q9 正答 A:representative。 several distinct regions representative sample。 4択の和訳:A. representative=代表性ある / B. sporadic=散発的な / C. provisional=暫定的な / D. incidental=付随的な
Q10 正答 B:decipher。 faded inscriptionsを読み解くdecipher。 4択の和訳:A. extrapolate=外挿する / B. decipher=解読する / C. conflate=混同する / D. supersede=取って代わる
Q11 正答 C:avert。 avert a shutdown。 4択の和訳:A. impose=課す / B. worsen=悪化する / C. avert=未然に防ぐ / D. trigger=引き起こす
Q12 正答 D:disproportionate。 small firms disproportionately affected。 4択の和訳:A. unanimous=全会一致 / B. transparent=透明 / C. tentative=暫定 / D. disproportionate=不釣り合い
Q13 正答 A:replicable。 測定方法を再現できるreplicable。 4択の和訳:A. replicable=再現可能な / B. irreversible=不可逆の / C. anecdotal=逸話的な / D. unwarranted=根拠のない
Q14 正答 B:withdraw。 根拠のない結論をwithdraw。 4択の和訳:A. corroborate=裏付ける / B. withdraw=撤回する / C. justify=正当化する / D. allocate=配分する
Q15 正答 C:contingency。 contingency for power failures。 4択の和訳:A. precedent=先例 / B. mandate=命令 / C. contingency=不測事態への備え / D. disparity=格差
Q16 正答 D:establish。 correlation cannot establish causation。 4択の和訳:A. preserve=保存する / B. deter=抑止する / C. exclude=除外する / D. establish=証明する
Q17 正答 A:rigorous。 rigorous review finds overlooked mistakes。 4択の和訳:A. rigorous=厳密な / B. cursory=表面的な / C. temporary=一時的な / D. arbitrary=恣意的な
Q18 正答 B:sustainable。 長期事業にはsustainable funding。 4択の和訳:A. intermittent=断続的な / B. sustainable=持続可能な / C. speculative=憶測の / D. obsolete=時代遅れの
Q19 正答 C:unwarranted。 small trialからuniversal success=unwarranted。 4択の和訳:A. well-founded=根拠ある / B. transparent=透明な / C. unwarranted=根拠のない / D. modest=控えめな
Q20 正答 D:review。 independent review of decisions。 4択の和訳:A. obstacle=障害 / B. assumption=仮定 / C. generalization=一般化 / D. review=再審査
Q21 正答 A:limitations。 weather variation implies limitations。 4択の和訳:A. limitations=限界 / B. certainty=確実性 / C. uniformity=一様性 / D. finality=最終性
Q22 正答 B:disclosure。 disclosure of risks。 4択の和訳:A. endorsement=支持 / B. disclosure=開示・説明 / C. withdrawal=撤回 / D. exclusion=排除

慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
塾長の経歴・指導方針
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第2部|独自長文空所6問
天文台の小型衛星観測と検出結果
Paragraph 1. The fictional Astera Observatory introduced a new camera network for tracking small objects passing above a remote desert station. During the first month, staff recorded considerably more signals than older cameras had detected. Some observers interpreted the increase as proof that the number of objects in orbit had grown. Scientists explained that improved image processing allowed the new network to identify fainter signals, so a change in recorded (23) was not necessarily a change in the underlying population.
Paragraph 2. The cameras were situated at different angles, and clouds sometimes obscured parts of the sky. Technicians therefore introduced common timing and calibration procedures. They also recorded the uncertainty associated with each sighting, since a brief flash could be confused with another light source. The new rules were intended to make observations more (24) across nights and sites.
Paragraph 3. The institute continued the pilot and invited independent teams to check unusual events. It postponed claims about long-term changes until comparable records could be collected. Officials said that policy decisions based on satellite congestion should be (25) reliable evidence rather than the raw number of new alerts.
Q23. Choose the expression that best fits [23].
- A. detections
- B. obligations
- C. disagreements
- D. concessions
Q24. Choose the expression that best fits [24].
- A. ornamental
- B. comparable
- C. irreversible
- D. mandatory
Q25. Choose the expression that best fits [25].
- A. indifferent to
- B. inconsistent with
- C. grounded in
- D. unrelated to
学校施設の修理基金と成果指標
Paragraph 1. An imaginary school district established a fund for urgent repairs to older classrooms. Local administrators welcomed the money and recorded a large increase in requests. Some officials treated the number of applications as proof that building conditions were already improving. Auditors cautioned that a request did not necessarily lead to a completed repair, so the district needed to track (26) work rather than applications alone.
Paragraph 2. One year later, repair records showed progress at several schools, but some buildings had been closed for unrelated renovations during the same period. Energy savings and improved comfort could not automatically be attributed to the emergency fund. The auditors requested comparisons that took account of different seasons and building occupancy, noting that these factors could (27) apparent outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The board decided to continue a limited program while evaluating costs, accessibility, and repair quality. It would consider permanent expansion only after the new evidence had been independently reviewed. The decision was therefore (28), not a guarantee that every school would receive funding.
Q26. Choose the expression that best fits [26].
- A. potential
- B. completed
- C. hypothetical
- D. repeated
Q27. Choose the expression that best fits [27].
- A. eliminate
- B. guarantee
- C. distort
- D. clarify
Q28. Choose the expression that best fits [28].
- A. irreversible
- B. unconditional
- C. permanent
- D. provisional
長文空所の正答と全文和訳
天文台の小型衛星観測と検出結果
第1段落:架空の天文台は小天体の観測カメラを更新し、検出数が大幅に増えた。しかし画像処理の感度向上が原因の可能性があり、軌道上の物体数が増えたとは限らない。
第2段落:カメラの角度や雲による条件差を記録し、時間・校正を統一、誤検出や測定の不確実性を残して比較可能性を高めた。
第3段落:独立チームの再検証を行い、長期傾向の判断は比較可能な記録がそろうまで延期。政策は信頼できる証拠に基づくべきだとした。
Q23 正答 A:detections。 detected signalsに対応するdetections。
Q24 正答 B:comparable。 校正・時刻の統一の目的はcomparability。
Q25 正答 C:grounded in。 grounded in reliable evidence=確実な根拠に基づく。
学校施設の修理基金と成果指標
第1段落:架空の学校修理基金への申請は増えたが、実際の修理完了ではない。申請ではなく完成した修理を測る必要がある。
第2段落:一部施設は別の改装で休校しており、電気代や快適さの改善を基金だけの効果とはできない。季節・利用人数の違いが結果を歪めうる。
第3段落:理事会は限定継続を決め、費用・アクセス・修理品質を評価して恒久拡大を判断する。全学校への資金供給は未決。
Q26 正答 B:completed。 completed repairs=実際に完了した修理。
Q27 正答 C:distort。 交絡条件が見かけの結果をdistortする。
Q28 正答 D:provisional。 評価待ちの暫定決定provisional。
第3部|独自長文内容一致7問
防潮扉の試行と都市の洪水リスク
Paragraph 1. The imaginary city of Harborwick proposed using movable floodgates at several low-lying entrances to a canal network. Residents hoped the gates would reduce the risk of water entering streets during storms. Engineers began with a pilot at three locations and monitored water levels before and after installation. During the first rainy season, the gates were closed several times, and nearby streets experienced fewer reported flooding incidents than during the previous year. City officials welcomed the early findings, but independent evaluators said that a short pilot could not establish that the gates alone had reduced the risk.
Paragraph 2. Rainfall was lower than usual during part of the test, and the city had also cleared blocked drains near the pilot sites. These changes could have influenced conditions independently of the gates. Moreover, the data measured water levels and reported incidents at selected streets rather than flood damage across the entire city. Evaluators recommended comparing similar storm events, recording maintenance failures, and documenting circumstances when the gates could not be closed quickly enough.
Paragraph 3. Local businesses supported improved protection but worried about access when the gates were closed. Some delivery operators used narrow canal-side routes that would become temporarily unavailable. Residents with limited mobility also asked for clear information about detours. The municipality proposed revised closing procedures and better signs, but these arrangements still required testing. A policy that helped one neighborhood could shift traffic or water pressure toward another area, creating consequences that should not be ignored.
Paragraph 4. Operating the gates involved ongoing expenses. Engineers needed to inspect motors, remove debris, and maintain emergency power supplies. Officials initially focused on the purchase price, but the independent review urged the city to consider lifetime operating costs. A cheaper gate might be less reliable during a severe storm, and repairs could require specialized components unavailable at short notice.
Paragraph 5. The council approved another monitoring season and limited improvements to access signs. It postponed installing gates at every canal entrance until a broader evaluation examined flood risk, cost, equipment reliability, and effects on neighboring areas. Council members emphasized that risk reduction needed to be demonstrated through appropriate comparisons rather than inferred from a few reassuring figures.
Paragraph 6. The debate illustrated how infrastructure measures can have multiple consequences. A promising technology may offer useful protection while also introducing maintenance obligations and new access barriers. Sound decisions require evidence of what has changed, who benefits, and what remains uncertain.
Q29. Why could the reduced flood reports not be attributed entirely to the new gates?
- A. Rainfall and drainage maintenance changed during the trial.
- B. The gates had never been installed.
- C. All streets in the city were monitored.
- D. The pilot lasted several decades.
Q30. What access issue did the project create?
- A. No local business used the canals.
- B. Closing gates could interrupt delivery routes and require accessible detours.
- C. The city had already banned all deliveries.
- D. Every resident could reach the same route without difficulty.
Q31. What did the city council decide?
- A. Install floodgates everywhere without review.
- B. Cancel all maintenance and inspections.
- C. Extend monitoring before considering citywide installation.
- D. Guarantee that no future flood would occur.
共同配送センターと長距離貨物輸送の排出量
Paragraph 1. The fictional region of Stonevale launched a voluntary scheme in which several food distributors could share trucks on long-distance routes. Instead of each company dispatching partially loaded vehicles, the program aimed to coordinate deliveries through a central booking platform. Organizers predicted that better capacity use might lower fuel consumption and reduce congestion. After six months, the platform recorded thousands of reservations. Several officials described this as evidence of substantial emissions reductions, but independent analysts questioned whether booking totals could support that conclusion.
Paragraph 2. Some companies reserved vehicles in advance and then canceled when orders changed. Others made several short trips between the central depot and local warehouses before a long-distance delivery occurred. The number of bookings therefore did not identify the total distance driven, the cargo delivered, or the amount of fuel consumed. Analysts recommended measuring actual vehicle kilometers, load factors, fuel use, and the frequency of empty return journeys. They also noted that the program’s administrative software and new depot facilities required electricity and maintenance, which belonged in a complete cost analysis.
Paragraph 3. Fair access was another issue. Large distributors had staff dedicated to monitoring reservations and could often secure desirable time slots. Smaller firms sometimes found that the available vehicles did not match the temperature controls needed for their goods. The regional authority considered protected booking periods and equipment upgrades, but neither was guaranteed to solve every constraint. Representatives from rural producers asked for routes that would not require them to travel excessively far to reach the depot.
Paragraph 4. Initial estimates indicated that certain shared routes used less fuel per delivered unit than previous arrangements. However, the comparison included unusually high demand during a festival period, when trucks were more fully loaded than normal. Fuel prices had also changed. The independent team warned that the apparent economic savings and environmental benefits could differ in a less busy season. It proposed a comparison using similar volumes and weather, alongside separate reporting of financial and emissions outcomes.
Paragraph 5. The authority approved another limited trial with more detailed monitoring. It postponed permanent regional expansion until the evaluation addressed actual emissions, costs, service reliability, and access for small businesses. Policymakers acknowledged that efficient logistics depended on both technology and practical operating arrangements. A booking website alone could not guarantee that vehicles made fewer journeys.
Paragraph 6. The case demonstrated that digital coordination may help organizations share resources, but its value must be established with measures that reflect real-world results. Interest and reservations can be useful signals of demand while remaining insufficient evidence of overall efficiency.
Q32. Why did analysts question booking totals as proof of reduced emissions?
- A. Every truck traveled the same route each day.
- B. Bookings did not measure actual distances, cargo delivered, or fuel use.
- C. No company had registered for the scheme.
- D. The program prohibited any truck sharing.
Q33. What problem affected small distributors?
- A. They controlled every reservation slot.
- B. They could use any vehicle without conditions.
- C. They sometimes lacked access to suitable vehicles or convenient depot routes.
- D. They were all permanently excluded from the region.
Q34. Why were some fuel-saving estimates uncertain?
- A. The analysts had never measured fuel.
- B. Every delivery happened in the same season.
- C. The trucks were no longer operating.
- D. Demand and fuel prices differed between comparison periods.
Q35. What was the final decision?
- A. Continue a monitored pilot and evaluate actual emissions, costs, and access.
- B. Make the program permanent everywhere based on reservations.
- C. Cancel every shared route.
- D. Assume all companies would benefit equally.
内容一致7問の全解答・長文和訳・根拠
防潮扉の試行と都市の洪水リスク
第1段落:架空のHarborwick市は低地の運河入り口3か所に可動式防潮扉を試行。水位や浸水の報告が一部で改善したが、短期試行だけで扉の独立効果は証明できない。
第2段落:試行期間中に雨量が少なく、排水路の清掃も行われた。測定対象も市全域ではなく一部の水位と事故報告で、同程度の嵐との比較や故障記録が必要。
第3段落:扉を閉じると配送ルートや移動困難者の通行に影響する。迂回案内などは提案段階で、交通や水圧を別区域へ移す副作用も考えられる。
第4段落:電動機の点検、漂流物の除去、予備電源などの維持費があり、初期購入費だけで判断できない。安い装置が大嵐で信頼できるとは限らない。
第5段落:議会は追加観測と案内の限定改善を承認したが全運河への導入は延期。浸水リスク、費用、信頼性、隣接区域への影響を評価する。
第6段落:技術の便益と新しい保守責任・アクセス障壁を総合評価し、何が変化し誰が受益するか明確にする。
Q29 正答 A:Rainfall and drainage maintenance changed during the trial.。雨量の差と排水路清掃が交絡。
Q30 正答 B:Closing gates could interrupt delivery routes and require accessible detours.。closure affects delivery and mobility.
Q31 正答 C:Extend monitoring before considering citywide installation.。monitoring extended; universal expansion pending。
共同配送センターと長距離貨物輸送の排出量
第1段落:架空のStonevale地域は食品配送業者のトラック共同利用を試行。予約は多いが燃料や排出削減の証拠とは限らない。
第2段落:キャンセルや拠点間の短距離便があり、予約数は走行距離・貨物量・燃料使用量を示さない。実走行距離、積載率、空車帰路などと設備・ソフトの電力・保守費を測るべき。
第3段落:大企業は予約専任職員がいて優先枠を取りやすい。小規模業者は冷蔵設備や拠点までの距離で不利になることがある。時間枠や設備改善案は未確定。
第4段落:一部ルートは単位輸送量当たりの燃料が少なかったが、祭りで需要が異常に多い時期と比較していた。燃料価格も変化しており、通常時の費用と環境効果は不明。
第5段落:地域当局は詳細監視付き試行を延長し、排出・費用・信頼性・小規模企業の公平な利用を評価後に恒久拡大を判断する。
第6段落:デジタル予約は共同利用を助ける可能性があるが実際の走行と資源の削減を別途示す必要がある。
Q32 正答 B:Bookings did not measure actual distances, cargo delivered, or fuel use.。予約件数では輸送距離・貨物量・燃料が分からない。
Q33 正答 C:They sometimes lacked access to suitable vehicles or convenient depot routes.。温度制御設備と拠点へのアクセスの問題。
Q34 正答 D:Demand and fuel prices differed between comparison periods.。祭りの需要と燃料価格が変化。
Q35 正答 A:Continue a monitored pilot and evaluate actual emissions, costs, and access.。限定試行の継続・独立評価。
全35問の正答早見表
Q1:A / Q2:B / Q3:C / Q4:D / Q5:A / Q6:B / Q7:C / Q8:D / Q9:A / Q10:B / Q11:C / Q12:D / Q13:A / Q14:B / Q15:C / Q16:D / Q17:A / Q18:B / Q19:C / Q20:D / Q21:A / Q22:B / Q23:A / Q24:B / Q25:C / Q26:B / Q27:C / Q28:D / Q29:A / Q30:B / Q31:C / Q32:B / Q33:C / Q34:D / Q35:A
復習|設問の誤答原因を分類する
- 語彙:正答だけでなく誤答3つの意味を説明する。
- 長文空所:文脈の対比・原因・条件・結論を段落全体から復元する。
- 内容一致:「全員」「必ず」「証明された」など本文より強い主張を見抜く。
- 翌日と7日後に別の初見英文で正解根拠を説明できるか試す。
よくある質問
英検1級Readingは35問ですか?
現在の協会公式出題内訳では短文22、長文空所6、内容一致7の計35問です。
本記事は実際の行政研究を紹介していますか?
いいえ。都市・大学・団体と観測数値はすべて慶英会が教材用に作成した架空設定です。
すべての誤答を復習すべきですか?
正しい選択肢を理解するだけでなく、残りの選択肢が本文と合わない理由を説明することが有効です。
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参考にした公式情報
英文、設問、選択肢、解答、訳は慶英会の独自制作です。架空の事例であり公式過去問ではありません。

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