慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検1級語彙第32セット・慶英会独自無料教材。 ad hoc、far-reaching、cost-effective、counterintuitive、role-specificなどの複合形容詞・政策評価表現を、4択22問（全88択）、英文言い換え12問、独自長文2篇の内容一致8問で学びます。全42問の解答、88択の語義、長文全文の日本語訳、誤答理由まで掲載します。
英検1級Readingの短文語句空所補充は22問です（日本英語検定協会｜1級試験内容）。この教材の言い換えと長文は語彙の定着を目的とする独自追加問題です。協会の公式過去問ではありません。
複合形容詞を文脈で使い分けるポイント
- cost-effectiveは価格が安いことではなく、成果に対する費用が妥当であること。
- well-foundedは根拠があるという意味で、将来の反証が不可能という意味ではない。
- risk-basedはリスクに比例する施策で、一律のuniformとは異なる。
- context-dependentは観測・実験条件に依存しており、すべての状況へ一般化できない。
第1部｜複合形容詞の4択22問
Q1. The city introduced an (____) bus arrangement during the emergency.
- A. ad hoc
- B. far-reaching
- C. long-standing
- D. ill-founded
Q2. Replacing every instrument would be (____) for small clinics.
- A. cost-effective
- B. prohibitively expensive
- C. labor-saving
- D. short-lived
Q3. The procedures remained (____) when new evidence emerged.
- A. immutable
- B. dogmatic
- C. flexible
- D. obsolete
Q4. The claim was (____) because no suitable comparison study had been conducted.
- A. verified
- B. conclusive
- C. well-founded
- D. ill-founded
Q5. The reform had (____) implications for many institutions.
- A. far-reaching
- B. marginal
- C. brief
- D. irrelevant
Q6. The archive retained a (____) way to register without smartphones.
- A. profit-driven
- B. low-tech
- C. high-risk
- D. time-consuming
Q7. The shared service might be (____) after full maintenance costs were considered.
- A. resource-intensive
- B. far-fetched
- C. cost-effective
- D. short-lived
Q8. The temporary project was never meant to replace the library as a (____) service.
- A. optional
- B. ad hoc
- C. unplanned
- D. long-term
Q9. A (____) inspection uncovered faults missed by the preliminary check.
- A. thorough
- B. superficial
- C. arbitrary
- D. perfunctory
Q10. The finding seemed (____): additional lessons coincided with lower scores.
- A. self-evident
- B. counterintuitive
- C. routine
- D. unambiguous
Q11. Publishing sensitive records without consent was an (____) proposal.
- A. evidence-based
- B. proportionate
- C. ill-conceived
- D. pragmatic
Q12. The project required (____) maintenance by trained specialists.
- A. labor-saving
- B. automated
- C. short-lived
- D. labor-intensive
Q13. The policy used (____) rules to match safeguards with possible harm.
- A. risk-based
- B. uniform
- C. random
- D. unrelated
Q14. The initial figure was only a (____) estimate, not a confirmed quotation.
- A. verified
- B. rough-and-ready
- C. precise
- D. itemized
Q15. The contract contained explicit (____) rules for handling participant information.
- A. ornamental
- B. irrelevant
- C. data-protection
- D. cost-saving
Q16. The number of downloads was a (____) measure of interest.
- A. comprehensive
- B. conclusive
- C. causal
- D. limited
Q17. Designers favored a (____) device that local workers could maintain.
- A. repair-friendly
- B. irreversible
- C. unworkable
- D. fragile
Q18. The plan was (____) because it ignored future maintenance expenses.
- A. sustainable
- B. short-sighted
- C. flexible
- D. comprehensive
Q19. Staff with different duties needed (____) rather than identical training.
- A. uniform
- B. optional
- C. role-specific
- D. unrelated
Q20. Even a (____) conclusion can be revised after stronger contradictory evidence appears.
- A. immutable
- B. arbitrary
- C. predetermined
- D. well-founded
Q21. Officials examined (____) alternatives including repairs, leases, and equipment sharing.
- A. wide-ranging
- B. one-sided
- C. short-lived
- D. unverified
Q22. The results were (____), as all tests had been conducted in dry weather.
- A. universal
- B. context-dependent
- C. irreversible
- D. unambiguous
第1部の正答・全88選択肢の和訳
Q1 正答 A：ad hoc。一時的な必要に応じたad hoc arrangement。 全選択肢：A. ad hoc＝その場の目的に合わせた臨時の ／ B. far-reaching＝広範囲に影響する ／ C. long-standing＝長年続く ／ D. ill-founded＝根拠の弱い
Q2 正答 B：prohibitively expensive。小規模施設の予算では不可能なほど高い。 全選択肢：A. cost-effective＝費用対効果が高い ／ B. prohibitively expensive＝高価すぎて実施困難な ／ C. labor-saving＝省力の ／ D. short-lived＝短命の
Q3 正答 C：flexible。新しい証拠に応じて修正できるflexible。 全選択肢：A. immutable＝不変の ／ B. dogmatic＝独断的な ／ C. flexible＝柔軟な ／ D. obsolete＝時代遅れの
Q4 正答 D：ill-founded。適切な比較なしならill-founded。 全選択肢：A. verified＝検証済みの ／ B. conclusive＝決定的な ／ C. well-founded＝根拠が十分な ／ D. ill-founded＝根拠が不十分な
Q5 正答 A：far-reaching。多数の機関への影響far-reaching implications。 全選択肢：A. far-reaching＝影響が広範囲に及ぶ ／ B. marginal＝ごく小さい ／ C. brief＝短い ／ D. irrelevant＝無関係な
Q6 正答 B：low-tech。非スマホのlow-tech alternative。 全選択肢：A. profit-driven＝利益を動機とする ／ B. low-tech＝簡素な技術による ／ C. high-risk＝危険度が高い ／ D. time-consuming＝時間のかかる
Q7 正答 C：cost-effective。total costsに対する便益で判断するcost-effective。 全選択肢：A. resource-intensive＝資源を多く消費する ／ B. far-fetched＝現実離れした ／ C. cost-effective＝費用対効果が高い ／ D. short-lived＝短命の
Q8 正答 D：long-term。臨時事業と長期のサービスは別。 全選択肢：A. optional＝任意の ／ B. ad hoc＝臨時の ／ C. unplanned＝計画外の ／ D. long-term＝長期的な
Q9 正答 A：thorough。より徹底したthorough inspection。 全選択肢：A. thorough＝徹底した ／ B. superficial＝表面的な ／ C. arbitrary＝恣意的な ／ D. perfunctory＝形式的・おざなりの
Q10 正答 B：counterintuitive。普通の期待と逆のcounterintuitive result。 全選択肢：A. self-evident＝自明な ／ B. counterintuitive＝直感に反する ／ C. routine＝日常的な ／ D. unambiguous＝曖昧さのない
Q11 正答 C：ill-conceived。同意なしの公開は設計が悪いill-conceived。 全選択肢：A. evidence-based＝証拠に基づく ／ B. proportionate＝釣り合う ／ C. ill-conceived＝不適切に構想された ／ D. pragmatic＝実用的な
Q12 正答 D：labor-intensive。専門職の多数の作業時間が必要。 全選択肢：A. labor-saving＝省力の ／ B. automated＝自動化された ／ C. short-lived＝短命の ／ D. labor-intensive＝多くの人手を必要とする
Q13 正答 A：risk-based。risk-based standards。 全選択肢：A. risk-based＝リスクに応じた ／ B. uniform＝一律の ／ C. random＝無作為の ／ D. unrelated＝関連のない
Q14 正答 B：rough-and-ready。確定見積ではない概算。 全選択肢：A. verified＝検証済みの ／ B. rough-and-ready＝大ざっぱな・間に合わせの ／ C. precise＝精密な ／ D. itemized＝項目別の
Q15 正答 C：data-protection。参加者情報の取り扱い＝data protection。 全選択肢：A. ornamental＝装飾的な ／ B. irrelevant＝無関係な ／ C. data-protection＝個人情報保護の ／ D. cost-saving＝費用削減の
Q16 正答 D：limited。関心に限定した指標で理解の証明ではない。 全選択肢：A. comprehensive＝包括的な ／ B. conclusive＝決定的な ／ C. causal＝因果の ／ D. limited＝限定的な
Q17 正答 A：repair-friendly。地元で修理しやすい。 全選択肢：A. repair-friendly＝修理しやすい ／ B. irreversible＝元に戻せない ／ C. unworkable＝実行不可能な ／ D. fragile＝壊れやすい
Q18 正答 B：short-sighted。将来の保守費を軽視したshort-sighted policy。 全選択肢：A. sustainable＝持続可能な ／ B. short-sighted＝近視眼的な ／ C. flexible＝柔軟な ／ D. comprehensive＝包括的な
Q19 正答 C：role-specific。役割ごとのrole-specific training。 全選択肢：A. uniform＝一律の ／ B. optional＝任意の ／ C. role-specific＝職務に応じた ／ D. unrelated＝無関係な
Q20 正答 D：well-founded。well-foundedでも反証可能性はある。 全選択肢：A. immutable＝不変の ／ B. arbitrary＝恣意的な ／ C. predetermined＝事前に決めた ／ D. well-founded＝根拠が十分な
Q21 正答 A：wide-ranging。複数の種類の選択肢＝wide-ranging。 全選択肢：A. wide-ranging＝多岐にわたる ／ B. one-sided＝一面的な ／ C. short-lived＝短命の ／ D. unverified＝未確認の
Q22 正答 B：context-dependent。乾いた天候だけで成立した結果は条件依存。 全選択肢：A. universal＝普遍的な ／ B. context-dependent＝状況に依存する ／ C. irreversible＝不可逆の ／ D. unambiguous＝曖昧さのない
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
塾長の経歴・指導方針
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第2部｜意味を変えずに英語で言い換える12問
Q23 原文：A temporary service was arranged for that single emergency.
Q24 原文：The system was too expensive for small clinics to buy.
Q25 原文：The policy affected a wide range of social institutions.
Q26 原文：The service delivered useful outcomes compared with its lifetime costs.
Q27 原文：The result appeared to defy ordinary expectations.
Q28 原文：The proposal had no adequate basis in evidence.
Q29 原文：The procedure used simple tools rather than advanced devices.
Q30 原文：The work required considerable manual effort.
Q31 原文：The rules changed according to the seriousness of the hazards.
Q32 原文：The estimate was quick and approximate.
Q33 原文：The equipment was easy to repair without expensive specialist tools.
Q34 原文：The findings varied with the circumstances of the experiment.
言い換え12問の模範・詳解
Q23 正答例：An ad hoc service was arranged. 理由：ad hocは特定目的の臨時対応。
Q24 正答例：The system was prohibitively expensive for small clinics. 理由：高価で導入困難。
Q25 正答例：The policy had far-reaching effects. 理由：影響が広範囲。
Q26 正答例：The service was cost-effective. 理由：費用対効果。
Q27 正答例：The result appeared counterintuitive. 理由：直感に反する。
Q28 正答例：The proposal was ill-founded. 理由：根拠不十分。
Q29 正答例：The procedure was low-tech. 理由：低い技術要求。
Q30 正答例：The work was labor-intensive. 理由：多くの手作業を要する。
Q31 正答例：The rules were risk-based. 理由：危険度に応じた。
Q32 正答例：The estimate was rough-and-ready. 理由：大ざっぱな見積。
Q33 正答例：The equipment was repair-friendly. 理由：修理の容易さ。
Q34 正答例：The findings were context-dependent. 理由：条件に依存する。
第3部｜オリジナル評論2篇・内容一致8問
長文1｜公共工具の貸出事業と修理成果の評価
Paragraph 1. The fictional town of Westbury set up a tool-lending program to help residents repair household items. Registrations grew after a local publicity campaign, and officials initially described the scheme as cost-effective. Independent reviewers cautioned that membership did not establish whether repairs had been completed or whether purchases had actually been avoided.
Paragraph 2. Some activities required more expertise than introductory workshops could provide. Organizers considered role-specific training for volunteer supervisors and referring difficult electrical work to qualified technicians. Tool inspections, replacement parts, and staff time created costs beyond the original purchase budget.
Paragraph 3. Residents with irregular work schedules requested evening access. Others reported that the narrow entrance to the lending center was difficult to use. The town considered accessible appointments and improvements to the building rather than assume that satisfied members represented everyone.
Paragraph 4. The council extended a limited trial and commissioned a review of completed repairs, equipment reliability, access barriers, and total costs. It did not guarantee that the service would replace professional repair businesses.
Paragraph 5. The example illustrated why apparently inexpensive programs can require labor-intensive maintenance. A useful decision about expansion depends on outcomes and costs, not simply on how many tools were borrowed.
Q35. Why did reviewers question the program’s cost-effectiveness?
- A. Membership did not demonstrate completed repairs or avoided purchases.
- B. All tools had been destroyed.
- C. Every resident had completed a repair.
- D. No one had registered.
Q36. Why was role-specific training discussed?
- A. All courses were canceled.
- B. Complex tasks needed skills beyond introductory workshops.
- C. Every volunteer was already an electrician.
- D. No tool required safety checks.
Q37. What accessibility concern was mentioned?
- A. Every visitor had the same schedule.
- B. The center was open at all hours.
- C. Limited hours and a narrow entrance affected some residents.
- D. All residents could access it equally.
Q38. What did the council authorize?
- A. Permanent replacement of all repair firms.
- B. Elimination of inspections.
- C. A guarantee of financial savings.
- D. An extended trial and assessment of repairs, access, and costs.
全文の段落別和訳
第1段落：架空の町の工具貸出事業は登録が増えたが修理完了や購入回避を証明していない。
第2段落：複雑な修理に職務別研修と専門職への紹介が必要。工具の点検・部品・職員の費用もある。
第3段落：不規則勤務や狭い入口がアクセス障壁となり、満足した会員が全住民を代表するとは限らない。
第4段落：町は限定試行を続け修理成果・機器・アクセス・総費用を評価。民間業者の全面代替は約束しない。
第5段落：安く見える事業にも人手と費用が必要で借入件数だけでは判断できない。
内容一致の全解答と根拠
Q35 正答 A：Membership did not demonstrate completed repairs or avoided purchases.。登録数と実際の修理成果は違う。
Q36 正答 B：Complex tasks needed skills beyond introductory workshops.。専門的作業の技能と安全を確保する。
Q37 正答 C：Limited hours and a narrow entrance affected some residents.。時間帯と入口が障壁。
Q38 正答 D：An extended trial and assessment of repairs, access, and costs.。限定試行の延長と評価。
長文2｜大学研究船の共同予約と測定の比較可能性
Paragraph 1. An imaginary university alliance established a booking system for shared coastal research vessels. Reservations increased rapidly, and administrators initially treated the figure as a productivity indicator. Reviewers noted that some teams reserved alternative dates because weather could prevent voyages, while others canceled their plans. The booking count therefore differed from completed research missions.
Paragraph 2. The reliability of measurements was another concern. Instruments aboard different vessels had been calibrated at different times, and research groups used incompatible conventions when reporting water conditions. The alliance introduced shared maintenance schedules and clearer documentation of equipment settings.
Paragraph 3. Smaller laboratories complained that institutions with established funding had an advantage in securing popular dates. Proposed protected time slots could improve access, but might also reduce flexibility for other users. Administrators decided to test different allocation procedures rather than assume one rule would suit all groups.
Paragraph 4. The alliance approved a longer pilot and asked for records of completed voyages, reliable datasets, equipment failures, access among laboratories, and lifetime operating costs. Permanent expansion of the fleet was postponed.
Paragraph 5. The project demonstrated that a highly used digital platform may still conceal practical barriers and inconsistent underlying data. Scientific value depends on completed work and comparability as well as fair opportunities.
Q39. Why were reservation totals not reliable productivity measures?
- A. All voyages were completed.
- B. Some bookings were alternatives or were canceled.
- C. The alliance had no vessels.
- D. No researchers wished to share equipment.
Q40. What affected comparisons between research measurements?
- A. The institutions’ names.
- B. The length of the reservation form.
- C. Different calibration practices and data conventions.
- D. The color of the vessels.
Q41. What was a problem for smaller laboratories?
- A. Every laboratory had priority.
- B. All trips were free of charge.
- C. Funding could not affect scheduling.
- D. Better-funded institutions had an access advantage.
Q42. What did the alliance decide?
- A. Extend the pilot and evaluate research outputs, costs, and fair access.
- B. Expand the fleet based only on bookings.
- C. Discontinue maintenance.
- D. Eliminate access for smaller laboratories.
全文の段落別和訳
第1段落：架空の大学研究船共同予約では天候に備えた複数予約やキャンセルがあり、予約数は実航海数と異なる。
第2段落：機器の校正時期や記録方式が異なり、共同保守と設定情報の共有が必要。
第3段落：資金力のある大学が人気日程を確保しやすく、小研究室の枠を検討するが他者の柔軟性とも比較が必要。
第4段落：試行を延長し実航海、データ品質、故障、利用機会、費用を検証。恒久船隊拡大は延期。
第5段落：予約の人気と科学的な成果・公正な利用は別の指標。
内容一致の全解答と根拠
Q39 正答 B：Some bookings were alternatives or were canceled.。天候用の重複予約とキャンセル。
Q40 正答 C：Different calibration practices and data conventions.。測定方法と校正が違う。
Q41 正答 D：Better-funded institutions had an access advantage.。予約機会の偏り。
Q42 正答 A：Extend the pilot and evaluate research outputs, costs, and fair access.。試行・評価、拡大は未決。
復習手順
- 22問は正答以外の3つの意味を説明してから再挑戦する。
- 12問の言い換えでは主語・条件・確実性を変えない。
- 長文は登録と完了、初期費用と長期費用、アクセスと成果を区別する。
- 翌日に違う英文へ使い、1週間後は初見の教材で確認する。
よくある質問
cost-effectiveとinexpensiveの違いは？
前者は成果に対する費用の妥当性、後者は価格そのものが比較的安いことです。
この42問は実際の英検1級過去問ですか？
いいえ。22問の独自4択に12問の言い換えと8問の長文を追加した、慶英会の非公式教材です。
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公式情報の参考
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する