慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検1級Reading無料模試・慶英会独自第40セット。短文語彙22問・長文空所6問・内容一致7問の35問・140択を収録。全88語義・短文和訳、独自長文4題の日本語全体解説、全13長文設問の52選択肢の正誤根拠を掲載しています。読解の焦点は『技術導入と実際の効果』『測定の限界』『人が判断すべき例外』です。
英検協会の1級Readingは短文語句空所22問、長文空所6問、内容一致7問です（公式試験内容）。この教材は慶英会が独自制作した演習で、実際の英検過去問ではありません。
次の無料教材：Reading第41セット｜独自35問・140択。初見で解き、解答根拠と誤答理由まで確認してください。
読解の3つの手順
- 語句空所は動詞・名詞との関係から文脈と意味を合わせる。
- 長文空所は前後の段落で、事実・予測・留保がどうつながるかを確認する。
- 内容一致では強すぎる断定や別の主体による見解を選ばない。正答の根拠を本文で示す。
第1部｜短文語彙22問
Q1
The agency established a _____ for deciding which damaged bridges should receive inspections first.
- A. criterion
- B. subsidy
- C. windfall
- D. dividend
Q2
The proposal was criticized for a lack of _____ about how the expected savings had been calculated.
- A. retaliation
- B. transparency
- C. windfall
- D. concession
Q3
The long waiting list revealed a serious _____ in the supply of trained technicians.
- A. surplus
- B. mandate
- C. shortfall
- D. precedent
Q4
The new research included an important _____: its findings applied only to the surveyed districts.
- A. mandate
- B. dividend
- C. windfall
- D. qualification
Q5
The reviewer called for a more thorough _____ of the costs and benefits over the building’s lifetime.
- A. appraisal
- B. precedent
- C. subsidy
- D. retaliation
Q6
The power system had a single point of failure, creating a serious _____ during storms.
- A. dividend
- B. vulnerability
- C. consensus
- D. windfall
Q7
The municipality introduced a narrow _____ for residents who needed accessible transport.
- A. revenue
- B. liability
- C. exemption
- D. precedent
Q8
A shortage of data prevented the researchers from reaching a firm _____.
- A. mandate
- B. windfall
- C. subsidy
- D. conclusion
Q9
The scientist stressed the _____ between an observed association and a proven cause.
- A. distinction
- B. revenue
- C. concession
- D. dividend
Q10
Residents requested greater _____ over the collection and retention of personal data.
- A. windfall
- B. oversight
- C. precedent
- D. subsidy
Q11
The trial exposed a major _____ in the design: the alarm did not reach several remote areas.
- A. dividend
- B. concession
- C. flaw
- D. revenue
Q12
The organization prepared a _____ to respond if its main communications network failed.
- A. mandate
- B. windfall
- C. precedent
- D. contingency plan
Q13
A well-designed monitoring program requires consistent _____ of the devices it uses.
- A. calibration
- B. retaliation
- C. subsidy
- D. concession
Q14
The committee identified a potential _____ between protecting privacy and publishing detailed research data.
- A. windfall
- B. trade-off
- C. dividend
- D. mandate
Q15
The agency proposed a public _____ of every correction made to its historical records.
- A. subsidy
- B. windfall
- C. register
- D. retaliation
Q16
The program’s apparent success depended on an _____ that all registered users could complete the service.
- A. exception
- B. subsidy
- C. mandate
- D. assumption
Q17
The bridge restoration plan faced a financial _____ after an unexpected increase in steel prices.
- A. constraint
- B. windfall
- C. dividend
- D. precedent
Q18
The workers questioned the _____ of a policy that rewarded speed but ignored safety.
- A. subsidy
- B. fairness
- C. windfall
- D. concession
Q19
The new evidence provided useful _____ for the earlier explanation without proving it conclusively.
- A. retaliation
- B. subsidy
- C. corroboration
- D. dividend
Q20
The contract included a clear _____ requiring the supplier to provide spare parts for five years.
- A. dividend
- B. windfall
- C. precedent
- D. stipulation
Q21
The climate study described considerable _____ in predicting rainfall at individual locations.
- A. uncertainty
- B. subsidy
- C. windfall
- D. consensus
Q22
The department agreed to conduct a follow-up _____ before declaring the pilot effective.
- A. dividend
- B. assessment
- C. concession
- D. windfall
第2部｜長文空所補充6問
港湾の岸壁点検と水中ロボット
A fictional port authority is considering underwater robots to inspect the foundations of aging docks. Divers currently examine selected locations, but strong currents and poor visibility can make some tasks difficult. Supporters hope that remotely operated cameras could extend inspection coverage while reducing exposure to hazards. The authority’s first proposal emphasized the large number of images the machines could collect.
Engineers cautioned that an image does not always reveal the seriousness of a structural defect. Sediment and marine growth may obscure cracks, while camera angles can distort apparent dimensions. A robot might identify an unusual feature, but [23] _____. Trained specialists would still have to determine whether the finding justified repairs or further testing.
The authority considered a system in which robots conduct preliminary surveys and divers or other instruments verify important findings. Some contractors argued that this would duplicate work, whereas safety officers maintained that different inspection methods could complement one another. The challenge was to [24] _____ without assuming that automation removed the need for human expertise.
Before purchasing a fleet of robots, officials plan to trial a small number of units. They will compare inspection accuracy, missed defects, staff safety, maintenance expenses and downtime at the docks. The aim is [25] _____, not simply the largest possible archive of underwater photographs.
Q23
- A. specialists would still need to evaluate its significance
- B. every photographed mark would prove structural failure
- C. divers would become legally unnecessary
- D. currents could no longer affect port operations
Q24
- A. maximize image collection regardless of quality
- B. combine coverage with dependable verification and safe operations
- C. eliminate every kind of equipment maintenance
- D. avoid reporting defects that delay work
Q25
- A. to make the port entirely free of future risks
- B. to replace all environmental monitoring with publicity
- C. to improve accurate, accountable inspection at manageable cost
- D. to guarantee that no equipment will ever fail
地域の共同冷凍庫と非常時の食品供給
A fictional regional cooperative is considering shared freezer facilities for small food producers. Many members currently rent separate storage spaces and pay high electricity costs during periods of low use. The cooperative hopes that shared capacity could reduce duplication and help businesses maintain essential supplies during transport disruptions.
However, managers warn that a large freezer is not automatically efficient. Different products need different handling arrangements, and frequent door openings can increase energy consumption. A single power failure might threaten goods belonging to every participant. Therefore, officials are considering [26] _____ rather than treating capacity alone as evidence of resilience.
Another challenge is how costs should be divided. Members use the facilities at different times of year, and charging identical fixed fees might discourage smaller seasonal producers. The cooperative is exploring variable charges tied partly to actual use, together with clear rules for emergency priority. Such a design needs to [27] _____ without making administration excessively complicated.
A trial will compare electricity usage, spoilage, backup power performance, reliability of access and total operating expenditure. The cooperative will also ask whether shared storage reduces the need for separate facilities. Its central goal is [28] _____ rather than filling a large building with equipment whose costs are poorly understood.
Q26
- A. a policy that ignores electricity reliability
- B. backup power and operational safeguards for different users
- C. a guarantee that all goods can be stored without temperature control
- D. an immediate closure of all members’ facilities
Q27
- A. require every member to pay the same fee regardless of use
- B. assume seasonal differences never matter
- C. balance fair charges, practical access and emergency needs
- D. make all storage entirely free without funding
Q28
- A. to maximize total membership regardless of service quality
- B. to eliminate every future transport disruption
- C. to avoid tracking food spoilage
- D. to provide reliable, efficient shared storage over time
第3部｜長文内容一致7問
救急車の配車と限られた救急医療資源
A fictional regional emergency service is considering a new dispatch system that would rank incoming ambulance requests according to urgency. Its staff currently receive telephone reports, assess the information and coordinate vehicles from several stations. During busy periods, delays can occur when available crews are distant from the patients who need them. Supporters hope that decision-support software could help operators compare options more quickly.
Yet emergency calls do not always contain complete or accurate information. Some callers cannot describe symptoms clearly, while communication may be disrupted during storms. A model trained only on past dispatch records might reproduce earlier gaps in service, particularly in remote communities with limited telephone coverage. An apparently precise priority score could therefore fail to reflect a patient’s true situation.
Clinical supervisors propose that trained operators retain the ability to override recommendations. The system would display reasons for each suggested priority, highlight uncertainty and record any changes made by staff. Some officials want a single national set of rules, while others argue that distances, weather and hospital capacity differ across regions. A common baseline may improve consistency, but local operating conditions still matter.
Privacy advocates also raise concerns about sensitive details collected during emergency calls. Access to records should be restricted, and information used for system improvement should be protected. The service wants independent evaluation before permanently adopting the system. A pilot will compare response times, missed urgent cases, fairness across neighborhoods, staff workload and the reliability of backup procedures.
The proposal’s objective is not to maximize the number of calls processed by software. It is to help people receive appropriate care when circumstances are uncertain and resources are scarce. Reliable human judgment, data quality and practical service outcomes remain central to that goal.
Q29
Why could the proposed software produce misleading priorities?
- A. Past dispatch data and incoming reports may omit or distort important circumstances.
- B. Every caller supplies complete and verified medical information.
- C. The software would never use historical records.
- D. All regions have identical ambulance access.
Q30
What responsibility would trained operators retain?
- A. They would be prohibited from challenging the system.
- B. They could override recommendations when evidence justified it.
- C. They would no longer evaluate emergency calls.
- D. They would publish private medical records.
Q31
What best describes the intended evaluation?
- A. Only the number of calls automatically ranked.
- B. Only the cost of purchasing software.
- C. Response quality, equity, workload and backup reliability.
- D. A guarantee that no delay can ever occur.
水道スマートメーターと漏水の検出
A fictional water utility is testing smart meters that record household water use more frequently than conventional devices. Managers hope that unusual patterns will help identify leaks before they cause extensive damage. Early trials showed that some households received timely warnings and repaired faulty pipes. The utility therefore considered installing the meters throughout its service area.
Engineers caution that a sudden rise in consumption does not always indicate a leak. Households may host visitors, fill a small pool or change daily routines. Conversely, a slow leak might resemble ordinary use and escape detection. Reliable warnings require suitable thresholds, clear explanations and ways for residents to report false alarms. A sophisticated dashboard alone will not make every decision accurate.
Consumer representatives also express privacy concerns. Detailed consumption patterns may reveal when a home is occupied or which routines residents follow. The utility proposed limiting access to raw data, restricting how long records are kept and publishing a clear policy about what information is used for billing, leak warnings or system planning.
Another issue is cost. Installing meters and maintaining communications infrastructure requires substantial investment, especially in areas where devices are difficult to reach. The potential savings from reduced water loss must be compared with equipment replacement, customer support and data security expenses. The utility plans a phased trial covering different building types, including older properties with plumbing problems.
Evaluators will measure confirmed leaks detected, missed incidents, false alarms, repair times, water saved and total costs. They will also examine whether people without smartphones can receive warnings and respond effectively. The central goal is reliable water service with appropriate consumer protection, not simply a larger collection of household data.
Q32
Why does unusual water use not always indicate a leak?
- A. Household routines and legitimate activities can change consumption.
- B. All meters record exactly the same amount forever.
- C. Water utilities are prohibited from monitoring use.
- D. Leaks always produce an immediate large increase.
Q33
What privacy concern do consumer groups raise?
- A. Detailed records can never reveal household behavior.
- B. Frequent consumption data may reveal patterns of occupancy and activity.
- C. Billing information has no relationship to customers.
- D. Data can be stored without any security responsibilities.
Q34
What additional access issue will the utility examine?
- A. Whether every resident owns identical phones.
- B. Whether all customers want unlimited public data.
- C. Whether residents without smartphones can receive and act on alerts.
- D. Whether printed notices should be banned.
Q35
Which statement best captures the passage’s conclusion?
- A. Installing more meters automatically guarantees less water waste.
- B. The number of data points is the principal public benefit.
- C. All false alarms prove the system is unusable.
- D. Leak detection should be judged with privacy, practical access and total costs.
全35問の正答・和訳・不正解の理由
Q1〜22｜語彙の正答と全88択の意味
Q1：A criterion。全文訳：どの橋を優先点検するかの判断基準を当局が定めた。根拠：criterion for deciding＝意思決定の基準。4択語義：A criterion＝判断基準／B subsidy＝補助金／C windfall＝予期しない利益／D dividend＝配当
Q2：B transparency。全文訳：節約見込みの計算方法が不透明だと批判された。根拠：transparency about methods。4択語義：A retaliation＝報復／B transparency＝透明性／C windfall＝臨時利益／D concession＝譲歩
Q3：C shortfall。全文訳：長い待機列が訓練済み技術者の不足を示していた。根拠：shortfall in the supply。4択語義：A surplus＝余剰／B mandate＝権限／C shortfall＝不足分／D precedent＝前例
Q4：D qualification。全文訳：新研究には調査した地区のみに当てはまるという重要な留保があった。根拠：qualificationは主張の適用範囲を限定する。4択語義：A mandate＝命令／B dividend＝配当／C windfall＝棚ぼた利益／D qualification＝留保・限定
Q5：A appraisal。全文訳：建物の全使用期間の費用と便益の詳細な査定を求めた。根拠：appraisal of costs and benefits。4択語義：A appraisal＝査定・評価／B precedent＝前例／C subsidy＝助成金／D retaliation＝報復
Q6：B vulnerability。全文訳：単一障害点が暴風雨での重大な脆弱性を作った。根拠：vulnerability in a system。4択語義：A dividend＝配当／B vulnerability＝脆弱性／C consensus＝合意／D windfall＝思いがけない利益
Q7：C exemption。全文訳：移動支援が必要な住民に限定的免除を設けた。根拠：exemption for eligible residents。4択語義：A revenue＝収入／B liability＝法的責任／C exemption＝免除／D precedent＝先例
Q8：D conclusion。全文訳：データ不足で確固たる結論を出せなかった。根拠：reach a conclusion。4択語義：A mandate＝任務／B windfall＝偶発利益／C subsidy＝補助金／D conclusion＝結論
Q9：A distinction。全文訳：観察された関連と証明された原因を区別することを強調した。根拠：distinction between。4択語義：A distinction＝区別／B revenue＝収益／C concession＝譲歩／D dividend＝配当
Q10：B oversight。全文訳：個人データの収集と保存に対する監督の強化を住民が求めた。根拠：oversight over data collection。4択語義：A windfall＝臨時利益／B oversight＝監督・監視／C precedent＝前例／D subsidy＝補助金
Q11：C flaw。全文訳：試行で警報が遠隔地へ届かない設計上の欠陥が明らかになった。根拠：flaw in the design。4択語義：A dividend＝配当／B concession＝譲歩／C flaw＝欠陥／D revenue＝収益
Q12：D contingency plan。全文訳：主通信網が故障したときの代替計画を用意した。根拠：contingency plan for failure。4択語義：A mandate＝任務／B windfall＝臨時利益／C precedent＝前例／D contingency plan＝緊急時対応計画
Q13：A calibration。全文訳：監視機器には一貫した校正が必要である。根拠：calibration of measurement devices。4択語義：A calibration＝校正／B retaliation＝報復／C subsidy＝補助金／D concession＝譲歩
Q14：B trade-off。全文訳：プライバシー保護と詳細研究データの公表にはトレードオフがある。根拠：trade-off between A and B。4択語義：A windfall＝思いがけない利益／B trade-off＝トレードオフ／C dividend＝配当／D mandate＝命令
Q15：C register。全文訳：当局は歴史記録への全訂正を載せる公開登録簿を提案した。根拠：public register of corrections。4択語義：A subsidy＝助成金／B windfall＝臨時利益／C register＝登録簿・一覧／D retaliation＝報復
Q16：D assumption。全文訳：成功評価は登録利用者が皆サービスを完了できるという仮定に依存していた。根拠：assumption that …。4択語義：A exception＝例外／B subsidy＝補助金／C mandate＝任務／D assumption＝仮定
Q17：A constraint。全文訳：鋼材価格の急騰で橋の修復計画に財政制約が生じた。根拠：financial constraint。4択語義：A constraint＝制約／B windfall＝臨時利益／C dividend＝配当／D precedent＝先例
Q18：B fairness。全文訳：安全を無視して速度を奨励する政策の公平性が疑問視された。根拠：fairness of a policy。4択語義：A subsidy＝助成金／B fairness＝公平性／C windfall＝思いがけない利益／D concession＝譲歩
Q19：C corroboration。全文訳：新証拠は先の説明を裏付けたが決定的証明ではなかった。根拠：corroborationは他の証拠による裏付け。4択語義：A retaliation＝報復／B subsidy＝補助金／C corroboration＝裏付け／D dividend＝配当
Q20：D stipulation。全文訳：契約には5年間の部品供給を求める明示条項があった。根拠：contractual stipulation。4択語義：A dividend＝配当／B windfall＝臨時利益／C precedent＝前例／D stipulation＝明示条件
Q21：A uncertainty。全文訳：個々の場所の雨量予測に大きな不確実性があると研究が述べた。根拠：uncertainty in predicting。4択語義：A uncertainty＝不確実性／B subsidy＝補助金／C windfall＝偶発利益／D consensus＝合意
Q22：B assessment。全文訳：試行が有効と断定する前に追跡評価を行うことにした。根拠：follow-up assessment。4択語義：A dividend＝配当／B assessment＝評価・審査／C concession＝譲歩／D windfall＝臨時利益
Q23〜28｜長文空所6問の日本語要旨・選択肢別根拠
港湾の岸壁点検と水中ロボット・要旨
架空の港湾当局は岸壁基礎を水中ロボットで点検する。潜水士の危険を減らし画像を収集できるが、海底堆積物・付着物・撮影角度で欠陥の重症度は判断しにくい。ロボットと専門技術者による確認を組み合わせ、欠陥の見逃し・作業安全・費用・岸壁停止時間を試行で検証する。
Q23：A specialists would still need to evaluate its significance。根拠：異常画像と実際の修理必要性は別で、専門家の解釈が必要。
- A：正答。異常画像と実際の修理必要性は別で、専門家の解釈が必要。
- B：すべての跡が構造損傷とは限らない。
- C：潜水士の役割は残る。
- D：潮流の危険は残る。
Q24：B combine coverage with dependable verification and safe operations。根拠：画像収集の範囲と欠陥の検証、安全を両立。
- A：枚数だけでは判断できない。
- B：正答。画像収集の範囲と欠陥の検証、安全を両立。
- C：保守は必要。
- D：欠陥を隠す方針ではない。
Q25：C to improve accurate, accountable inspection at manageable cost。根拠：信頼できる検査と費用・安全の改善が目的。
- A：危険ゼロを保証しない。
- B：広報より実績。
- C：正答。信頼できる検査と費用・安全の改善が目的。
- D：機器故障はあり得る。
地域の共同冷凍庫と非常時の食品供給・要旨
架空の農産・食品事業者の共同冷凍庫は重複設備や電力費の削減を狙う。だが扉開閉、作物ごとの扱い、一カ所の停電で複数業者が影響を受ける危険がある。利用時期が違う事業者の料金負担を公平にし、予備電源・廃棄量・電力・維持費を比較する。
Q26：B backup power and operational safeguards for different users。根拠：停電と商品別条件に対応する予備電源・運用策が必要。
- A：電力の信頼性が重要。
- B：正答。停電と商品別条件に対応する予備電源・運用策が必要。
- C：温度管理は必要。
- D：他施設の全面閉鎖は未決定。
Q27：C balance fair charges, practical access and emergency needs。根拠：利用状況と緊急時の需要を踏まえた公平な負担。
- A：一律負担は不利になり得る。
- B：季節差を考慮。
- C：正答。利用状況と緊急時の需要を踏まえた公平な負担。
- D：資金の手当ては必要。
Q28：D to provide reliable, efficient shared storage over time。根拠：持続的な保管・効率・供給の安定が目的。
- A：会員数だけでは不十分。
- B：輸送障害はなくせない。
- C：廃棄率も評価する。
- D：正答。持続的な保管・効率・供給の安定が目的。
Q29〜35｜内容一致7問の日本語要旨・選択肢別根拠
救急車の配車と限られた救急医療資源・要旨
架空の救急配車機関は緊急性を判断する支援ソフトを検討するが、通報情報は不完全で、遠隔地の電話がつながりにくいと過去記録に偏りが生じる。訓練された指令員の上書き判断、理由表示、機微情報の保護、地域条件に応じた規則が必要。対応時間・重大な見逃し・地域差・人員負担を試行で評価する。
Q29：A Past dispatch data and incoming reports may omit or distort important circumstances.。根拠：不完全な通報と過去のアクセス格差が順位付けへ影響し得る。
- A：正答。不完全な通報と過去のアクセス格差が順位付けへ影響し得る。
- B：過去データを使う。
- C：地域差がある。
- D：undefined
Q30：B They could override recommendations when evidence justified it.。根拠：人間が理由に基づいて推奨を修正できる。
- A：異議・修正が可能。
- B：正答。人間が理由に基づいて推奨を修正できる。
- C：医療情報を保護する。
- D：undefined
Q31：C Response quality, equity, workload and backup reliability.。根拠：時間だけでなく見逃し・地域差・職員負担・代替手順を計測。
- A：件数だけでは不十分。
- B：運用成果を測る。
- C：正答。時間だけでなく見逃し・地域差・職員負担・代替手順を計測。
- D：undefined
水道スマートメーターと漏水の検出・要旨
架空の水道事業者はスマートメーターで漏水を早期検知したい。しかし使用量の増加は来客などの事情でも起き、少量の漏水は見落とす可能性がある。詳細データは在宅状況を示し得るため保存期限・アクセス権の制限が必要。端末のない利用者への通知方法も含め、実際の漏水検出、誤報、節水、総費用を試行で調べる。
Q32：A Household routines and legitimate activities can change consumption.。根拠：来客や生活の変更など正当な消費増がある。
- A：正答。来客や生活の変更など正当な消費増がある。
- B：メーターは検討されている。
- C：小さな漏水は検出しにくい。
- D：undefined
Q33：B Frequent consumption data may reveal patterns of occupancy and activity.。根拠：細かい水使用時刻から生活習慣・在宅状況を推測できる。
- A：生活パターンが分かり得る。
- B：正答。細かい水使用時刻から生活習慣・在宅状況を推測できる。
- C：情報保護が必要。
- D：undefined
Q34：C Whether residents without smartphones can receive and act on alerts.。根拠：スマホのない住民も警告を受けて対応できるか。
- A：端末は異なる。
- B：無制限公開は求めない。
- C：正答。スマホのない住民も警告を受けて対応できるか。
- D：undefined
Q35：D Leak detection should be judged with privacy, practical access and total costs.。根拠：検出の実績・個人情報・通知手段・費用を含めて判断する。
- A：設置数だけで保証しない。
- B：データ量は目的でない。
- C：誤報率を評価して改善する。
- D：正答。検出の実績・個人情報・通知手段・費用を含めて判断する。
4つの長文の復習ポイント
- 岸壁点検：写真の枚数と欠陥の重大性の判定を混同しない。
- 共同冷凍庫：容量と供給の信頼性、予備電源・費用負担を分けて考える。
- 救急配車：過去の記録が不足地域を取りこぼしているか確認する。
- スマート水道：漏水の検出と在宅状況の推測・情報保護を両立する。
FAQ｜英検1級Reading
英検1級のReadingは合計何問ですか？
短文空所22問、長文空所6問、内容一致7問の計35問です。公式情報も確認してください。
本文の推論と事実をどう区別しますか？
may・might・couldやaccording toなどの表現に注意し、誰が主張しているのか、何が実測されたのかを分けます。
この35問は英検の公式問題ですか？
いいえ。慶英会オリジナルの練習教材であり、公式過去問とは異なります。
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