英検準1級の並列構造｜not only・either or・both and・rather than独自40問【全解説】

英検準1級の英文でnot only … but also、either … or、both … andが出たら、AとBに何が並んでいるのかを確認してください。「動詞と名詞」「目的と結果」「一部と全体」を不自然につなぐと、英作文の文法が崩れるだけでなく、長文の比較対象を読み違えます。慶英会では英文解釈12問・語形4択12問・誤文訂正8問・独自長文8問の計40問と全解答・解説を公開します。

日本英語検定協会が案内する準1級の一次試験には長文内容一致7問、長文空所補充6問、英文要約と意見英作文があります。公式出題形式をご確認ください。本教材は並列構造の読解・作文を練習する慶英会の独自問題であり、公式過去問ではありません。

まず結論｜並列構造を見抜く5つの規則

• and／or：The policy aims to reduce costs and improve access. ではreduceとimproveが同じ位置に並ぶ。
• both A and B：both safety and convenienceのように、比較する語句の形と役割をそろえる。
• either A or B：選択肢AとBのどちらかを表す。両方を実施すると断定しない。
• neither A nor B：両方を否定する。eitherとの意味の違いに注意。
• not only A but also B：二つの情報を追加的に強調する。語形だけでなく、意味上どの部分が並んでいるか確認する。

「同じ語形でなければ常に誤文」という機械的な規則ではありません。例えば異なる形の語句が同じ文法的役割を果たせる場合もあります。まず接続されている内容が意味上・文法上そろっているかを確認しましょう。

演習A｜並列されている二つの内容を説明する12問

1. A1. The program aims to reduce waste and improve access to public services.
2. A2. The plan considered both construction costs and maintenance costs.
3. A3. Residents can either submit the form online or deliver it in person.
4. A4. The policy was neither affordable nor practical for some households.
5. A5. The new service was not only convenient but also reliable.
6. A6. Staff collected samples, recorded locations, and checked the results.
7. A7. The council discussed whether to repair the road or replace the bridge.
8. A8. The school tried to make its instructions clearer and its forms shorter.
9. A9. The museum examined both the age of the paintings and their condition.
10. A10. Rather than making a final decision, the committee requested more evidence.
11. A11. The report described problems in towns as well as in rural districts.
12. A12. The goal was not to increase attendance alone but to improve learning opportunities.

演習B｜正しい並列・語形を選ぶ12問

13. B1. The project aims to reduce costs and ___ efficiency. A. improve　B. improving　C. improved　D. to improving
14. B2. The guide was not only informative but also ___. A. practically　B. practical　C. practice　D. to practice
15. B3. Students may either attend the meeting or ___ online. A. participating　B. to participate　C. participate　D. participated
16. B4. The study involved checking records, comparing figures, and ___ conclusions. A. draw　B. drew　C. to draw　D. drawing
17. B5. The old entrance was neither convenient nor ___. A. safe　B. safely　C. safety　D. to safe
18. B6. Rather than making assumptions, the team focused on ___ the evidence. A. verify　B. verifying　C. verified　D. to verified
19. B7. The council considered both the cost of construction and ___. A. maintaining expensive　B. to maintain　C. the cost of maintenance　D. maintenance costly
20. B8. The changes were designed to reduce delays and ___ access. A. improving　B. improved　C. to improving　D. improve
21. B9. We need to learn not only how to collect data but also how to ___ it. A. interpret　B. interpreting　C. interpreted　D. to interpreting
22. B10. The director preferred postponing the event to ___ unsafe conditions. A. accept　B. accepting　C. accepted　D. to accept
23. B11. The research involved interviewing families and ___ their responses. A. analyze　B. analyzed　C. analyzing　D. to analyze
24. B12. The new system was designed to be both affordable and ___. A. reliability　B. reliably　C. to reliable　D. reliable

演習C｜誤った並列構造を修正する8問

25. C1. The report aims to describe the costs and explaining the risks.
26. C2. Students can either read the article or listening to the recording.
27. C3. The project is not only efficient but also save money.
28. C4. Staff were asked to check the dates, verify the names, and the sources should be noted.
29. C5. The plan includes both improving access and to reduce fees.
30. C6. The equipment was neither safe nor reliably.
31. C7. The results were based on interviews, observations, and to review documents.
32. C8. The school plans to build a library, hiring staff, and to improve internet access.

演習D｜独自長文4篇・内容一致8問

長文1｜駅前広場の改修

A fictional town proposed redesigning a station square to improve pedestrian safety and reduce traffic delays. Some residents wanted wider sidewalks, while local shops asked for easier delivery access. The council said it would test both a revised crossing and a new delivery schedule before deciding on permanent work. It did not assume that a design which helped pedestrians would automatically benefit every business.

D1. What did the proposal seek to improve?

1. Safety and traffic flow
2. Only the price of train tickets
3. All business profits immediately
4. The number of shopping centers

D2. What did officials plan to test?

1. Neither a crossing nor a schedule
2. Only the crossing
3. Both a crossing and a delivery arrangement
4. A permanent ban on deliveries

長文2｜データ公開の方法

A research institute planned to publish the results of a short survey. The director asked staff to explain not only how the sample had been selected but also what its limitations were. The team preferred reporting uncertainty to making claims that the findings represented every resident. It decided to collect additional responses before drawing broader conclusions.

D3. What two topics did the director want explained?

1. Only funding and salaries
2. Sampling methods and limitations
3. Weather and road safety
4. Every resident’s full history

D4. What did the team prefer?

1. Claiming complete representativeness
2. Publishing without checking the data
3. Ignoring sample size
4. Explaining uncertainty rather than overstating findings

長文3｜学校の教材貸出

A school offered students either printed reference books or access to an online collection. The library wanted to support families with different internet connections, rather than require every pupil to use one format. Staff examined both the number of borrowed books and the frequency of digital access. However, they warned that use statistics alone did not show whether students understood the materials.

D5. What choice did the school provide?

1. Printed or digital materials
2. Only online materials
3. Only printed worksheets
4. Neither books nor online access

D6. What did the library caution?

1. Every student had the same internet access.
2. Borrowing records were always inaccurate.
3. Usage counts did not necessarily prove understanding.
4. All students disliked reference books.

長文4｜施設の維持費

A community center proposed installing new lighting and improving its entrances. Supporters expected the changes to make the building safer and more welcoming. Engineers explained that the project needed both an initial budget and a maintenance plan. The committee decided to review long-term costs instead of accepting the cheapest proposal immediately. Its aim was not merely to complete construction but to keep the facility usable over time.

D7. What did engineers say was necessary?

1. Only construction funding
2. Initial and continuing financial planning
3. A permanent closure of the center
4. Replacing all volunteers

D8. What was the committee’s larger objective?

1. Choose the least expensive offer immediately
2. Complete construction regardless of safety
3. Stop maintaining the facility
4. Keep the building usable in the long term

全40問の正解・和訳・詳しい解説

A｜英文解釈12問

1. A1：制度は廃棄を減らし公共サービスへのアクセスを改善することを目的とする。reduceとimproveが並列。
2. A2：計画は建設費と保守費の両方を検討した。bothの対象は二つの費用。
3. A3：住民はオンラインで提出するか、直接届けるかのいずれかを選べる。either … orは選択。
4. A4：一部家庭にとって政策は手頃でも実用的でもなかった。neither affordable nor practical。
5. A5：新制度は便利なだけでなく信頼できた。not only convenient but also reliable。
6. A6：職員は標本を集め、位置を記録し、結果を確認した。collected・recorded・checkedが並列の過去形。
7. A7：議会は道路を直すべきか橋を架け替えるべきかを議論した。repair／replaceの選択。
8. A8：学校は説明をより明確にし、用紙をより短くしようとした。its instructions clearer／its forms shorterという二組。
9. A9：博物館は絵画の古さと保存状態をともに調べた。both the age … and their condition。
10. A10：最終決定する代わりに、委員会は追加証拠を求めた。rather thanで対比。
11. A11：報告書は町だけでなく地方の地区にある問題を述べた。as well asで地域を追加。
12. A12：目的は単に出席数を増やすことではなく、学習機会を改善することだった。not to … alone but to …で目的を対比。

B｜4択12問

13. B1 正解A・improve：reduceとimproveを等位接続。
14. B2 正解B・practical：informativeとpracticalは形容詞同士。
15. B3 正解C・participate：attendとparticipateがcanに続く原形。
16. B4 正解D・drawing：checking・comparing・drawingの動名詞の並列。
17. B5 正解A・safe：convenientとsafeは形容詞。
18. B6 正解B・verifying：focused onの後は動名詞verifying。
19. B7 正解C・the cost of maintenance：建設費と保守費を同じ構造で対比。
20. B8 正解D・improve：to reduce delays and improve access。toが共通。
21. B9 正解A・interpret：how to collectとhow to interpretの対応。
22. B10 正解B・accepting：prefer postponing A to accepting Bではtoは前置詞。
23. B11 正解C・analyzing：interviewingとanalyzingの動名詞。
24. B12 正解D・reliable：affordableとreliableの形容詞。

C｜誤文訂正8問

25. C1：The report aims to describe the costs and explain the risks. describeとexplainを原形でそろえる。
26. C2：Students can either read the article or listen to the recording. canを受ける二動詞は原形。
27. C3：The project not only improves efficiency but also saves money. 二つの動詞improves／savesの形をそろえる。
28. C4：Staff were asked to check the dates, verify the names, and note the sources. 三つの原形動詞。
29. C5：The plan includes both improving access and reducing fees. 二つの動名詞を並べる。
30. C6：The equipment was neither safe nor reliable. 形容詞safeとreliable。
31. C7：The results were based on interviews, observations, and document reviews. 三つの名詞句。
32. C8：The school plans to build a library, hire staff, and improve internet access. 三つの動詞に共通のtoを置く。

D｜長文内容一致8問

33. D1 正解A：improve pedestrian safety and reduce traffic delaysが根拠。安全と交通時間。
34. D2 正解C：test both a revised crossing and a new delivery scheduleが根拠。
35. D3 正解B：not only how the sample had been selected but also what its limitations wereが根拠。
36. D4 正解D：preferred reporting uncertainty to making claims … every residentが根拠。
37. D5 正解A：either printed reference books or access to an online collectionが根拠。
38. D6 正解C：use statistics alone did not show whether students understood …が根拠。
39. D7 正解B：both an initial budget and a maintenance planが根拠。
40. D8 正解D：keep the facility usable over timeが根拠。

英検準1級の長文・要約・英作文での使い方

andが並べる二つの項目は、論述の両側を構成します。The school aimed to improve access and reduce costs. は二つの目的です。本文が「アクセス改善を目指した」と述べたことだけから「費用削減も実際に達成した」とは言えません。意見英作文ではnot onlyを使う場合も、語形を不自然にせず、同じ種類の理由をそろえることが重要です。

7日間の復習

1日目：A12文で並列の対象を囲む。2日目：B12問の語形を選ぶ。3日目：C8問を訂正。4日目：D4長文8問を解く。5日目：both A and B／either A or Bで自作文を作る。6日目：not only A but also Bで英作文の理由を2組述べる。7日目：英検公式過去問で並列表現を探して、対比が示す情報を説明する。

よくある質問

not onlyとbut alsoは必ず完全に同じ形でなければいけませんか？

意味上・文法上同じ役割の要素を結ぶのが原則です。実際には一部を共有する自然な文型もあるため、語形だけで機械的に判断せず接続される内容を確認します。

either A or Bは両方行うという意味ですか？

基本的には選択肢を示す表現です。両方の実施を本文が明示していない場合、bothと読み替えないでください。

rather thanの後は必ず動名詞ですか？

文の構造によって動名詞・原形不定詞などが用いられます。Rather than making …とRather than make …の自然な場面を区別してください。

40問の点数で英検準1級の合否を予測できますか？

できません。公式過去問とは異なる慶英会独自の文法教材です。

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