英検準1級のnegotiate・mediate・compromise・concede・settleの違い｜独自40問・全解説

英検準1級のnegotiate・mediate・compromise・concede・settleは、対立・交渉・合意に関係しますが、誰が何をしたかによって意味が変わります。negotiateは当事者が条件を交渉する、mediateは第三者が仲裁する、compromiseは互いに妥協する、concedeは相手にとって有利な点を認める、settleは争いに決着をつけることです。慶英会の独自40問・全解答で語法を習得しましょう。

本教材は公式過去問ではなく、社会・教育・環境を題材に慶英会が独自に作成した4択16問、和文英訳8問、誤文訂正8問、長文2題8問の計40問です。試験制度は英検協会の準1級公式案内を参照してください。意見英作文、二次面接、長文の内容一致に役立つ表現です。

結論｜交渉・仲裁・妥協・認容・解決は別の段階

特にcompromiseには「妥協する」に加え「安全・原則などを損なう」という重要な意味があります。compromise on a scheduleとcompromise securityでは、主語と目的語の関係が異なります。単語の日本語訳だけで判断せず、前置詞・目的語を確認してください。

演習A｜文脈4択16問

A1. The bus drivers’ representatives will ___ with management over next year’s working hours.

1. mediate
2. concede
3. negotiate
4. settle

A2. An independent community leader offered to ___ between the two groups that had failed to reach an agreement.

1. mediate
2. compromise their goals
3. concede defeat
4. settle a salary

A3. Both sides agreed to ___ on the opening date, choosing a date halfway between their original proposals.

1. concede
2. negotiate a report
3. settle a person
4. compromise

A4. After reviewing the evidence, the company had to ___ that its original cost estimate was too low.

1. settle
2. concede
3. mediate
4. negotiate

A5. After several meetings, the residents and the council agreed to ___ the dispute without going to court.

1. settle
2. concede a person
3. mediate a fact
4. compromise a law

A6. The two companies continued to ___ a contract covering deliveries, prices, and maintenance.

1. mediate
2. concede
3. negotiate
4. compromise a fact

A7. The mediator’s role was to ___ between parents and teachers who disagreed about the new timetable.

1. compromise a date
2. concede a mistake
3. settle a teacher
4. mediate

A8. The town agreed to ___ on the number of public events, permitting six rather than the ten or two originally requested.

1. compromise
2. concede a law
3. negotiate a person
4. mediate a regulation

A9. The editor reluctantly ___ that the opposing review had identified a genuine weakness in the study.

1. mediated
2. negotiated
3. settled
4. conceded

A10. The university finally managed to ___ its disagreement with the supplier through a written agreement.

1. concede
2. settle
3. mediate between
4. negotiate with a fact

A11. The union ___ with the employer for three weeks before both accepted revised conditions.

1. negotiated
2. mediated between
3. conceded a dispute
4. compromised someone

A12. A respected retired judge was invited to ___ a conflict between neighboring municipalities.

1. concede
2. negotiate a judge
3. mediate
4. compromise a municipality

A13. Neither side achieved everything it wanted, but both were willing to ___ in order to move forward.

1. settle a person
2. concede with someone
3. mediate alone
4. compromise

A14. The researcher ___ that the small sample made the results less certain than she had first suggested.

1. conceded
2. mediated
3. settled a fact
4. negotiated

A15. Once the legal claim was withdrawn, the parties agreed to ___ the remaining dispute over repair costs.

1. mediate the workers
2. compromise with a court
3. settle
4. concede the other side

A16. The negotiator warned that sharing confidential passwords would ___ the network’s security rather than help reach an agreement.

1. settle
2. compromise
3. mediate
4. concede

演習B｜和文英訳8問

negotiate with、mediate between、compromise on、concede that、settle a disputeの文型を使います。

B1. 「労働組合は来年度の労働条件を経営陣と交渉した。」

B2. 「第三者が地域住民と事業者の間を仲裁した。」

B3. 「双方は開始日について互いに妥協した。」

B4. 「管理者は最初の予測が誤っていたと認めた。」

B5. 「当事者は裁判なしで紛争を解決した。」

B6. 「会社は製品の価格と納期について契約を交渉した。」

B7. 「妥協のために生徒の個人情報の安全性を損なってはいけない。」

B8. 「研究者は報告書には限界があると認めた。」

演習C｜誤文訂正8問

当事者か仲裁者か、合意が成立したかなど、文の事実関係を保って直してください。

C1. The two companies mediated with each other about their contract’s price.

C2. A neutral adviser compromised between the two sides to help them communicate.

C3. The council conceded on a middle date with the residents so that each group gave something up.

C4. The scientist mediated that the critical reviewer was right about a weakness.

C5. The supplier negotiated the dispute after a settlement agreement had already been signed.

C6. A union representative conceded with management for several weeks over a new pay scale.

C7. Both sides were unwilling to mediate their demands, although a middle solution existed.

C8. Publicly sharing the access code could settle the site’s security.

演習D｜独自2長文・読解8問

交渉が始まった段階、第三者の仲裁、妥協の内容、紛争の解決を分けて読んでください。

独自長文1｜学校の施設利用を巡る話し合い

A secondary school planned to open its sports hall to local residents on weekends. Parents were concerned about noise, while community groups wanted longer opening hours. Representatives from the two sides negotiated over the proposed schedule, but initial meetings ended without agreement. The school invited an independent local official to mediate between them. At a later meeting, the parents conceded that limited weekend access could benefit the community, while the community groups acknowledged the need to protect students’ study time. Both sides agreed to compromise on opening hours: the hall would be available on Saturdays but not late on Sundays. The school and residents then settled their disagreement in a written arrangement that set out noise limits and review dates. The principal warned that the compromise would need monitoring and that reaching an agreement did not prove every future concern had been resolved.

D1. Who negotiated over the hall’s opening schedule?

D2. Who was asked to mediate?

D3. What did the parents concede?

D4. What compromise did the groups reach?

独自長文2｜漁業と海洋保護区

A coastal authority proposed restrictions on fishing near a marine reserve. Fishing associations feared lost income, while environmental organizations argued that the limits were necessary to protect habitats. The two sides began to negotiate over the timing and boundaries of the proposed restrictions. Their discussions stalled until a neutral researcher agreed to mediate. During a public hearing, an environmental representative conceded that some small fishing businesses would face short-term difficulties. Fishing groups also acknowledged that sensitive breeding areas needed protection. The negotiators eventually compromised on a phased schedule with a later review, and the authority settled the immediate dispute by recording the agreed arrangements. Scientists cautioned that the settlement did not demonstrate that fish populations had already recovered; the environmental results would require further monitoring. Both sides agreed not to compromise the confidentiality of individual business records during the process.

D5. What two issues were discussed in the negotiations?

D6. Who mediated after discussions stalled?

D7. What difficulty did the environmental representative concede?

D8. Did settling the dispute prove fish populations had recovered?

全40問の正答・和訳・根拠

A｜4択16問

A1：C negotiate。当事者同士が条件について交渉するnegotiate with management over hours。 和訳：バス運転手の代表は来年の労働時間について経営側と交渉する予定だ。

A2：A mediate。第三者が対立当事者の間に入って仲裁するmediate between groups。 和訳：合意できなかった二つの団体の間に独立した地域リーダーが仲裁に入ると申し出た。

A3：D compromise。互いに譲歩して折衷案を選ぶcompromise on a date。 和訳：双方は開業日について互いに歩み寄り、最初の提案の中間の日を選ぶと合意した。

A4：B concede。不利な点・事実を認めるconcede that＋節。 和訳：証拠を検討した後、会社は元の費用見積もりが低すぎたと認めざるを得なかった。

A5：A settle。争いを終結させ解決するsettle a dispute。 和訳：住民と議会は数回の会議の後、裁判に持ち込まず紛争を解決することに同意した。

A6：C negotiate。契約条件を詰めて合意を形成するnegotiate a contract。 和訳：2社は納期・価格・保守を定める契約について交渉を続けた。

A7：D mediate。対立者を結び付けて解決を支援する第三者の役割＝mediate。 和訳：仲裁人の役割は新時間割について意見が合わない保護者と教員の間を取り持つことだった。

A8：A compromise。双方の要求を折衷した数で譲歩するcompromise on a number。 和訳：町は公共イベントの回数を当初の10回と2回の中間となる6回にすることで妥協した。

A9：D conceded。自分に不利な批判が正しいと認めるconcede that。 和訳：編集者は反対側の査読が研究の本当の弱点を指摘したと渋々認めた。

A10：B settle。書面合意で対立に終止符を打つsettle a disagreement。 和訳：大学は最終的に書面の合意を通じて供給業者との意見の相違を解決できた。

A11：A negotiated。当事者間の継続交渉＝negotiated with the employer。 和訳：組合は双方が修正条件を受け入れるまで3週間雇用主と交渉した。

A12：C mediate。利害の異なる自治体間を第三者として仲裁するmediate a conflict。 和訳：尊敬される元裁判官が隣接自治体間の対立を仲裁するよう招かれた。

A13：D compromise。双方が一部要求を譲って妥協するcompromise。 和訳：どちら側も全要求を達成しなかったが、前進するため互いに妥協する意思があった。

A14：A conceded。自分に不利な限定条件を認めたconcede that。 和訳：研究者は小標本のため結果の確実性が当初示したほど高くないと認めた。

A15：C settle。修理費を巡る残る紛争に決着をつけるsettle the dispute。 和訳：法的請求が取り下げられた後、当事者は修理費に関する残る紛争を解決することで合意した。

A16：B compromise。compromise securityは安全性を損なうという別義。妥協する意味ではない。 和訳：交渉担当者は秘密のパスワード共有は合意の助けにならずネットワークの安全性を損なうと警告した。

B｜和文英訳8問

B1：The union negotiated with management over next year’s working conditions. 語法：negotiate with A over B。

B2：A third party mediated between local residents and the company. 語法：mediate between A and B。

B3：Both sides compromised on the starting date. 語法：compromise on a date。

B4：The manager conceded that the initial prediction had been wrong. 語法：concede that＋節。

B5：The parties settled the dispute without going to court. 語法：settle a dispute。

B6：The company negotiated a contract covering the product’s price and delivery schedule. 語法：negotiate a contract。

B7：We should not compromise the security of students’ personal information. 語法：compromise security＝安全性を損なう。

B8：The researcher conceded that the report had limitations. 語法：不利な点の承認concede。

C｜誤文訂正8問

C1：The two companies negotiated with each other about their contract’s price. 理由：当事者同士はnegotiate、第三者が間に入る場合mediate。

C2：A neutral adviser mediated between the two sides to help them communicate. 理由：第三者による仲裁はmediate。

C3：The council compromised with residents on a middle date so that each group gave something up. 理由：双方が歩み寄る妥協はcompromise with … on …。

C4：The scientist conceded that the critical reviewer was right about a weakness. 理由：不利な点を認めるconcede that。

C5：The supplier settled the dispute by signing a settlement agreement. 理由：交渉による条件調整と合意成立による解決を区別。

C6：A union representative negotiated with management for several weeks over a new pay scale. 理由：条件について交渉するnegotiate with someone over something。

C7：Both sides were unwilling to compromise on their demands, although a middle solution existed. 理由：当事者が一部要求を譲る＝compromise。

C8：Publicly sharing the access code could compromise the site’s security. 理由：compromise securityは情報・安全性を危険にさらすこと。

D｜長文8問

D1：Representatives of parents and community groups. 本文根拠：当事者間で条件を交渉した。

D2：An independent local official. 本文根拠：第三者の仲裁者。

D3：That limited weekend access could benefit the community. 本文根拠：相手の主張の一部が妥当と認めた。

D4：Saturday access, but no late Sunday opening. 本文根拠：双方の希望を折衷した利用時間。

D5：The timing and boundaries of fishing restrictions. 本文根拠：交渉対象の条件を読み取る。

D6：A neutral researcher. 本文根拠：独立の仲裁者が加わった。

D7：Some small businesses would face short-term difficulties. 本文根拠：不利な点・相手の懸念を一部認めた。

D8：No. Environmental effects still needed monitoring. 本文根拠：紛争解決と環境への実際の効果は別。

英文要約では交渉中を合意済みにしない

原文：The groups negotiated for weeks, but they had not yet settled their disagreement.は、何週間も交渉したものの未解決という意味です。The groups settled the issue after negotiating.と要約すると、成立していない合意を加えることになります。The two groups continued negotiations without reaching a final agreement.なら原文の状態を保てます。

意見英作文で使うモデル表現

When communities disagree about public projects, local governments should encourage negotiation and invite neutral experts to mediate. A reasonable compromise may help the parties settle disputes without ignoring important safety concerns.（地域社会が公共事業を巡って対立する場合、自治体は交渉を促し中立の専門家を仲裁に招くべきだ。適切な妥協は重大な安全上の懸念を無視せず紛争を解決する助けになり得る。）

7日間の復習

1. 1日目：5動詞の役割と前置詞を覚える。
2. 2日目：A1〜A8で当事者・第三者を区別。
3. 3日目：A9〜A16で妥協・認容・解決を区別。
4. 4日目：B8問を自力で英作文。
5. 5日目：C8問を訂正して理由を説明。
6. 6日目：D2長文で交渉の段階を時系列に整理。
7. 7日目：公式過去問で類義語の目的語と合意状況を確認。

よくある質問

negotiateとmediateの違いは？

negotiateは当事者同士の交渉、mediateは第三者の仲裁に使うのが中心です。仲裁者が関与しても当事者の交渉は続く場合があります。

compromiseは常に良い意味ですか？

いいえ。compromise on termsは双方が歩み寄ることですが、compromise safetyは安全性を損なうという意味です。

concedeとsettleは違いますか？

concedeはある論点を相手に認めること、settleは紛争そのものの決着です。部分的な譲歩だけで全体の紛争が終わるとは限りません。

次の無料教材・慶英会の無料体験

承認・許可・同意の語法40問／提案・推奨・要求の語法40問／主張・認容の語法40問／英検準1級無料教材一覧。

慶英会では社会問題の長文・英文要約・意見英作文で、対立の原因と交渉・解決の段階を論理的に読む指導を行います。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談はこちら。

参考公式情報

日本英語検定協会｜準1級出題形式／準1級の公式過去問。全設問は慶英会の独自制作です。