英検2級prevent・protect・avoid・prohibit・restrict・discourageの違い｜禁止と保護の独自4長文40問【全訳】

prevent・protect・avoid・prohibit・restrict・discourageの意味

restrict access to two pathsは公園全体の閉鎖を意味しません。また、discourageは常に法的な禁止を表すわけではありません。本文で正式な規則なのか推奨・指導なのかを確認してください。

長文1｜湿地の野鳥を守る公園規則

A coastal park protects several species of birds that build nests near the ground. During the nesting season, park officials restrict access to two sections of the walking trail. Visitors may still use other marked routes, so the restriction does not mean the entire park is closed.

The park prohibits collecting eggs or disturbing nests. This is a formal rule, not merely a recommendation. Guides also discourage visitors from playing loud music, because noise may disturb the animals. However, the park does not claim that every quiet sound is forbidden.

Staff have installed low barriers to prevent people from accidentally entering sensitive areas. They also recommend that visitors avoid using camera flashes close to birds. The barriers help protect wildlife from disturbance, but they cannot eliminate every possible risk.

Visitors are encouraged to report damaged signs rather than entering a closed area to fix them. Officials plan to review the rules after studying nesting activity. They have not approved opening restricted sections before the breeding season ends.

内容一致の独自10問

問1：What does restricted access mean here?

1. Only two trail sections have limited access
2. The whole park is permanently closed
3. All visitors may enter every area
4. No paths remain available

問2：Which action is formally prohibited?

1. Walking on an open trail
2. Collecting birds’ eggs
3. Reporting a damaged sign
4. Reading a park notice

問3：What does the park discourage rather than explicitly ban?

1. Observing birds from marked paths
2. Listening to a quiet guide
3. Playing loud music near birds
4. Reading the information signs

問4：Why were low barriers installed?

1. To sell tickets
2. To change nesting areas permanently
3. To close the entire park
4. To prevent accidental entry to sensitive areas

問5：What activity should visitors avoid near birds?

1. Using camera flashes
2. Carrying drinking water
3. Taking notes away from nests
4. Staying on a marked path

問6：What does the park aim to protect?

1. The park’s advertisements
2. Nesting wildlife
3. Only visitors’ cameras
4. Bus schedules

問7：What is true about the barriers?

1. They guarantee no risks remain
2. They were removed immediately
3. They reduce risk but cannot eliminate it completely
4. They are installed only for decoration

問8：What should someone do about a damaged sign?

1. Enter the closed area to repair it
2. Ignore all other park rules
3. Collect nesting material
4. Report the sign to staff

問9：When might restricted areas be reopened?

1. After the park reviews nesting activity and restrictions
2. Immediately after any visitor requests it
3. As soon as a camera is turned off
4. Before the breeding season begins

問10：Which statement is NOT supported?

1. Some open paths remain available
2. Every noise is formally prohibited
3. Nests must not be disturbed
4. Officials study nesting activity

長文2｜学校の情報共有と個人情報保護

A secondary school is teaching students how to use digital tools responsibly. The school prohibits posting passwords or classmates’ private contact information on public websites. It also restricts access to the student database so that only authorized staff can open sensitive records. Restricting access is not the same as banning every use of the database.

Teachers encourage students to use strong passwords and discourage them from reusing a single password across several services. The school introduced an additional login check to prevent unauthorized access. These steps are designed to protect students’ personal information, but the school does not promise that every online risk has disappeared.

Students may share photographs of their own projects in a class presentation. However, they must avoid publishing identifiable photographs of other people without permission. If a student discovers that private information has been shared accidentally, the student should notify a teacher rather than forwarding it to friends.

Staff will review how well the rules are understood after a term. They will examine actual reports of problems and adjust guidance if necessary. The school has not suggested that a single lesson automatically prevents all privacy mistakes.

内容一致の独自10問

問11：What action is prohibited by the school?

1. Posting private contact information publicly
2. Using educational software at school
3. Asking teachers for help
4. Sharing one’s own project during class

問12：Who may access the sensitive database?

1. All internet users
2. Authorized staff members
3. Every student at any time
4. Visitors from other schools

問13：Does restricted database access mean all use is banned?

1. Yes, permanently
2. Yes, without exceptions
3. No, authorized use is possible
4. No, every user can open all records

問14：What practice do teachers discourage?

1. Learning about password safety
2. Reporting privacy incidents
3. Checking account access
4. Reusing the same password on many services

問15：What does the extra login check aim to prevent?

1. Unauthorized access
2. Students studying online
3. Teachers reviewing rules
4. Use of secure devices

問16：What information is the school trying to protect?

1. Museum ticket prices
2. Students’ personal information
3. Only sports scores
4. Bus timetables

問17：What must students avoid doing without permission?

1. Taking notes about their own work
2. Checking the class schedule
3. Publishing identifiable photos of others
4. Reading school announcements

問18：What should a student do after discovering an accidental data leak?

1. Forward the information to friends
2. Post it on social media for attention
3. Ignore it forever
4. Notify a teacher

問19：What will staff review after a term?

1. Understanding of the rules and actual problem reports
2. The age of the classroom walls
3. Every student’s lunch choice
4. Only the number of computers sold

問20：Which claim does the school avoid making?

1. Online risks still exist
2. One lesson prevents every privacy mistake
3. Students may report incidents
4. Strong passwords are encouraged

長文3｜資料館の歴史文書を保存する

A city museum is preparing an exhibition of old letters and maps. The paper is fragile, so staff protect the original documents from moisture and direct sunlight. They place copies in the main exhibition room while storing the originals in controlled conditions.

The museum prohibits visitors from touching original documents without supervision. It also restricts access to a separate storage room, allowing trained staff to enter but not ordinary visitors. However, visitors are not prohibited from reading approved digital copies of the documents on the museum’s computers.

Conservators use special containers to prevent accidental damage during transport. They also advise workers to avoid unnecessary handling because repeated movement may weaken the paper. Museum guides discourage flash photography, but visitors may take photographs of some displays when permission and exhibition rules allow.

The museum is checking the copyright and privacy status of a number of letters before publishing scans online. Owning the paper copies does not automatically provide the right to publish the digital images. No date has been announced for releasing the complete collection.

内容一致の独自10問

問21：What are originals protected from?

1. Crowds and visitors only
2. Rainwater used for plants
3. Moisture and direct sunlight
4. All forms of reading

問22：What is displayed in the main exhibition room?

1. Only original fragile documents
2. Dangerous chemicals
3. Staff storage containers
4. Copies of documents

問23：What does the museum prohibit?

1. Touching originals without supervision
2. Reading approved digital copies
3. Looking at exhibition signs
4. Asking a guide questions

問24：Who can enter the restricted storage room?

1. All visitors
2. Trained staff
3. All children
4. Every online user

問25：What may visitors do on museum computers?

1. Edit every original letter
2. Publish every scan online
3. Read approved digital copies
4. Open the restricted room

問26：What helps prevent transport damage?

1. An unmarked truck route
2. Keeping documents near sunlight
3. Giving originals to visitors
4. Special containers

問27：What activity should workers avoid?

1. Unnecessary handling of fragile paper
2. Using protective containers
3. Following safety procedures
4. Checking the exhibition plan

問28：What do guides discourage?

1. Reading digital documents
2. Flash photography
3. Writing notes
4. Following museum rules

問29：Why can’t the museum publish every scanned letter yet?

1. Every scan has been deleted
2. The building is closed
3. Rights and privacy must be checked
4. The letters contain no words

問30：What has not been announced?

1. The existence of a museum
2. That copies can be displayed
3. That original documents are fragile
4. A full online release date

長文4｜科学体験での安全規則と入場制限

A science center offers a weekend lesson about filtering water. Students put sand and small stones inside a container and observe how muddy water changes as it passes through. The result may look clearer, but removing visible dirt does not guarantee that the water is safe to drink. For this reason, the center prohibits tasting any sample.

The lesson takes place in a laboratory with twenty workstations. Staff restrict the number of participants to twenty during each session, but the center has not banned younger children from all science programs. It instead offers separate activities that are suitable for different ages.

Protective glasses shield students from splashes. Instructors also remind them to avoid touching their faces during the experiment and to wash their hands afterward. The center’s safety procedures aim to prevent accidents, though staff never promise that accidents are impossible.

The center discourages students from mixing unknown substances. It bans the use of unapproved chemicals in the classroom. Teachers explain that discouraging a risky practice may be advice, whereas a formal ban is a rule that students must follow.

Organizers will review the lesson after collecting feedback and reports of safety problems before adding more sessions.

内容一致の独自10問

問31：Why is tasting water samples prohibited?

1. Clear water may still contain harmful substances
2. All samples are guaranteed safe
3. The activity has no water
4. The students must buy a drink

問32：How many participants can join one session?

1. Ten
2. Twenty
3. Thirty
4. Forty

問33：Are younger children banned from every science activity?

1. Yes, from all programs
2. Yes, unless they buy their own glasses
3. No, age-appropriate activities are offered
4. No, all activities have no safety rules

問34：What do protective glasses protect students from?

1. Extra homework
2. Long lecture times
3. A shortage of equipment
4. Splashes

問35：What should students avoid during the experiment?

1. Touching their faces
2. Washing their hands afterward
3. Following the instructor
4. Wearing protective glasses

問36：What is a purpose of the safety procedures?

1. To eliminate the need for teachers
2. To prevent accidents
3. To make every sample drinkable
4. To avoid all future workshops

問37：What practice do instructors discourage?

1. Using approved tools
2. Cleaning the laboratory
3. Mixing unknown substances
4. Reading safety notices

問38：What is formally banned?

1. Discussing the experiment
2. Taking notes
3. Asking questions
4. Using unapproved chemicals

問39：What distinction do teachers explain?

1. Discouragement can be advice, while a ban is a formal rule
2. All suggestions are compulsory
3. Every restriction means the same as a full ban
4. Safety rules are optional

問40：What will organizers review before adding sessions?

1. Only the color of protective glasses
2. Feedback and reports of safety problems
3. The price of school buses
4. The number of local artists

全40問の正答一覧

長文1：1A／2B／3C／4D／5A／6B／7C／8D／9A／10B

長文2：11A／12B／13C／14D／15A／16B／17C／18D／19A／20B

長文3：21C／22D／23A／24B／25C／26D／27A／28B／29C／30D

長文4：31A／32B／33C／34D／35A／36B／37C／38D／39A／40B

復習の進め方

初日に40問を初見で解き、2日目にpreventとprotect、3日目にavoidとdiscourage、4日目にprohibitとrestrict、5日目に各長文の禁止範囲を確認。6日目にはそれぞれの表現で独自例文を作り、7日目に誤答だけを再テストします。

FAQ

restrictとbanは同じですか？

必ずしも同じではありません。restrictは人数や立ち入り範囲を制限する場合に使い、banはある行為を禁止する場合に用います。

discourageはしてはいけないという意味ですか？

単語だけでは正式な禁止と断定できません。行為を思いとどまらせたり、控えるよう促したりする表現です。

preventとprotectはどちらも守るですか？

preventは行為や結果の発生を防ぎ、protectは対象を危険や悪影響から守るという違いがあります。

公式過去問の転載ですか？

いいえ。慶英会が独自制作した4長文40問です。

関連無料教材

• 英検2級無料模試第183セット・独自33題
• 必須・任意・推奨を読む独自40問
• 英検2級無料教材の総合一覧

英検2級と私立中高一貫校英語の学習相談は慶英会の最大1か月無料体験・お問い合わせへ。

参考公式情報

日本英語検定協会｜2級の試験内容。英文・設問・和訳・解説は慶英会独自制作です。