英検2級required・mandatory・optional・recommendedの違い｜必須・任意・推奨を読む独自4長文40問【全訳】

required・mandatory・optional・recommendedの違い

「必須ではない」（not required）は「禁止」（prohibited）ではありません。申請の提出と選考通過、選考通過と参加確約も別段階です。Eメールの条件を確かめる際は、誰に対する義務か、期限はいつか、例外はあるかを確認してください。

長文1｜地域の科学講座｜必須の安全説明と任意のノート

A community science center is accepting applications for a weekend workshop about renewable energy. Each applicant must complete an online form by Wednesday evening. However, submitting the form does not guarantee a place, because there are only 36 seats. Selected applicants will receive an email on Friday and must confirm attendance by Sunday at noon.

All participants are required to attend a fifteen-minute safety briefing before using the equipment. They must wear closed-toe shoes and follow the instructor’s directions. The center will provide protective glasses and measuring devices, so participants are not required to buy those items. Bringing a notebook is optional, although instructors recommend taking notes to help with later review.

Students under thirteen must attend with a parent or responsible adult. Older students may attend independently. The center recommends arriving twenty minutes before the scheduled start, but the safety briefing itself begins at ten. Participants who arrive after the briefing has started may be unable to join the practical activity.

If the weather is dangerous, the center may replace an outdoor demonstration with an indoor lecture. It will announce any change on the previous evening. These arrangements are not a promise that every part of the original program will take place outdoors.

独自内容一致10問

問1：What must every applicant do by Wednesday evening?

1. Complete the online form
2. Purchase safety glasses
3. Bring a personal measuring device
4. Attend the practical lesson

問2：Does submitting the application guarantee a seat?

1. Yes, every application is approved
2. No, there are only 36 places
3. Yes, if the form is completed early
4. No, the center does not hold workshops

問3：What must selected applicants do by Sunday at noon?

1. Visit the center
2. Pay for equipment
3. Confirm attendance
4. Bring a notebook

問4：Which activity is mandatory before using equipment?

1. Buying measuring tools
2. Writing a report
3. Watching an online video at home
4. Attending the safety briefing

問5：Which item is optional?

1. A notebook
2. Closed-toe shoes
3. Following instructor directions
4. Attending the safety briefing

問6：What does the center provide?

1. Personal travel tickets
2. Protective glasses and measuring devices
3. One laptop for every family
4. Food for all visitors

問7：Who must come with a responsible adult?

1. Everyone older than thirteen
2. Only professional teachers
3. Students younger than thirteen
4. Every selected applicant

問8：What is recommended rather than explicitly required?

1. Wearing closed-toe shoes
2. Following safety instructions
3. Completing the application
4. Arriving twenty minutes early

問9：Why might a late participant miss the activity?

1. They may miss the safety briefing
2. There are no protective glasses
3. The instructor requires a notebook
4. The program always begins outdoors

問10：What can happen in dangerous weather?

1. The center will cancel every future workshop
2. An outdoor activity may be replaced by an indoor lecture
3. The start time will automatically change to midnight
4. Participants will be required to buy equipment

長文2｜学校の美術作品展｜提出必須と写真公開の許可

A school is preparing a public exhibition of students’ artwork. Students who want to enter must submit an application and a photograph of their finished object by October 12. The photograph is used for selection and does not automatically give the school permission to use the image in advertising. The school will ask separately for permission before publishing selected photographs online.

Each successful student is required to bring the actual artwork to the hall on October 20. The school will provide display tables and labels, but transport is the student’s responsibility. A written explanation of no more than 120 words must accompany each exhibit. Students may also bring a short audio explanation, but this is optional and will not influence the selection decision.

Teachers recommend that students check the condition of their work before delivery. They also suggest taking photographs of fragile pieces for personal records. These are recommendations rather than formal entry requirements. Students who use electrical equipment in their displays must receive a safety inspection from a teacher; they cannot decide on their own that a device is safe.

The school will inform successful applicants of their display locations. A selection email confirms that an exhibit has been accepted, but it does not mean that a photograph has been approved for public advertising.

独自内容一致10問

問11：What is required by October 12?

1. A finished object at the hall
2. An application and a photograph
3. An audio explanation
4. A transport receipt

問12：What is the main purpose of the submitted photograph?

1. To provide automatic advertising permission
2. To replace the actual artwork
3. To help select exhibits
4. To create a compulsory audio guide

問13：When must successful students deliver the actual work?

1. October 12
2. October 15
3. October 18
4. October 20

問14：Who is responsible for transporting the artwork?

1. The student
2. The museum visitors
3. The school transport office
4. The selection committee

問15：What is the maximum length of the written explanation?

1. 80 words
2. 120 words
3. 150 words
4. 200 words

問16：Which additional explanation is optional?

1. The written explanation
2. The application form
3. A short audio explanation
4. A safety inspection for electrical devices

問17：What will not affect the selection decision?

1. The application deadline
2. The submitted photograph
3. The finished artwork
4. Providing an optional audio explanation

問18：What do teachers recommend but not require?

1. Checking the artwork before delivery
2. Submitting an application
3. Providing a written explanation
4. Getting safety approval for electrical equipment

問19：What is compulsory for exhibits using electrical equipment?

1. An extra audio explanation
2. A teacher’s safety inspection
3. Advertising on the school website
4. A receipt from a transport company

問20：What does an acceptance email NOT authorize?

1. Taking part in the exhibition
2. Receiving a display location
3. Public advertising use of the photograph
4. Bringing the work to the hall

長文3｜市民会館のオンライン講座｜予約不要と予約制の区別

A city hall is holding three educational activities on the same weekend. The first is an open talk about the local environment on Friday evening. Visitors may enter without booking in advance, but the room has a maximum capacity of 100. Once all seats are occupied, no additional visitors can be admitted. The organizers recommend arriving early, but this is advice rather than a registration requirement.

The second activity is a Saturday workshop on reading historical maps. Advance registration is mandatory because each participant needs a tablet. Applicants must register by Thursday and wait for an acceptance message; completing the online form alone is not confirmation. The organizers will provide tablets and printed instructions. Participants are asked to bring their own drinking water.

The third activity is a Sunday discussion with a local writer. Reservations are recommended, but not compulsory. People without reservations may join if seats remain available when the discussion begins. However, registered visitors will be admitted before people arriving without reservations.

All three activities require visitors to respect the center’s rules. Taking photographs of other participants for public use requires their permission. The program may change if the building is closed for emergency repairs, and the center will post notices on its website.

独自内容一致10問

問21：Which activity has a maximum of 100 places and does not require advance booking?

1. The Friday environmental talk
2. The Saturday map workshop only
3. The Sunday discussion only if everyone registers
4. None of the events

問22：What is the Friday talk’s maximum room capacity?

1. 50
2. 100
3. 120
4. 150

問23：What happens if every Friday seat is occupied?

1. Everyone receives a free tablet
2. The talk moves outdoors automatically
3. No additional visitors can enter
4. Reservations become compulsory next year

問24：Is early arrival a formal requirement for Friday?

1. Yes, it is required by law
2. Yes, each visitor must register
3. Yes, it replaces the admission ticket
4. No, it is only recommended

問25：Why is registration mandatory for Saturday?

1. Each participant needs a tablet
2. The room is outdoors
3. The lecture is only for teachers
4. The event is free

問26：What is Saturday’s registration deadline?

1. Wednesday
2. Thursday
3. Friday
4. Sunday

問27：Does submitting Saturday’s form confirm a place?

1. Yes, always
2. Yes, for the first 100 applicants
3. No, an acceptance message is required
4. No, no one may attend

問28：Which item should Saturday participants bring?

1. A tablet
2. Printed instructions
3. An old map
4. Drinking water

問29：How are reservations treated at the Sunday discussion?

1. Recommended but not compulsory
2. Forbidden for all visitors
3. Mandatory for everyone
4. Accepted only after the event

問30：Who enters first at the Sunday discussion?

1. People arriving without reservations
2. Registered visitors
3. The writer’s relatives only
4. Visitors with cameras

長文4｜地域の歩道改善｜義務・推奨・任意を比較する

A town is testing a temporary walking route connecting a train station with a medical center. The route includes a crossing where delivery vehicles are sometimes present. For safety, all visitors must follow the marked pedestrian route and must not enter areas closed for construction. Staff are required to check the signs each morning because building work can change which entrances are available.

The town recommends that visitors using wheelchairs or pushing strollers allow a few additional minutes. It also suggests checking the current route map online before leaving home. These recommendations may help with planning, but visitors are not required to use a smartphone.

An optional survey is available at the medical center. Visitors who choose to respond can describe which signs were unclear or which paths felt difficult. The town will consider the comments, but taking part in the survey is not required to use the walking route.

One sign recently directed visitors toward a gate that had been closed for repairs. Staff corrected it after comparing the sign with an official notice. The town plans to repeat observations during rainy weather before considering permanent changes. No permanent construction has been approved.

独自内容一致10問

問31：What must all visitors do?

1. Use the marked pedestrian route
2. Complete the optional survey
3. Carry a smartphone
4. Arrive at least thirty minutes early

問32：Who must check the signs every morning?

1. Every visitor
2. Town staff
3. Only the medical center’s patients
4. All shop owners

問33：What is recommended for people using wheelchairs or strollers?

1. Avoid the center entirely
2. Do not use the marked route
3. Allow extra travel time
4. Take part in a survey

問34：Is a smartphone required for using the route?

1. Yes, for every visitor
2. Yes, if the route is temporary
3. Yes, for those using strollers
4. No, checking online is only suggested

問35：What is optional?

1. Answering a survey
2. Following the pedestrian path
3. Avoiding a closed construction area
4. Checking signs as a staff member

問36：Can people use the route without answering the survey?

1. No, it is a condition of entry
2. Yes, the survey is not required
3. Only if they arrive before noon
4. Only if they are town employees

問37：What problem did staff discover?

1. The entire hospital closed
2. The town had no route map
3. A sign pointed toward a closed gate
4. The road contained no crossing

問38：How did staff check the incorrect sign?

1. They asked students to guess
2. They purchased a different road
3. They removed every sign permanently
4. They compared it with an official notice

問39：What will the town do before considering permanent changes?

1. Repeat observations during rainy weather
2. Stop checking construction notices
3. Close the medical center
4. Make smartphone use mandatory

問40：What has not been approved?

1. An optional survey
2. Permanent construction
3. The marked temporary route
4. Checking official notices

40問の全正答一覧

長文1：1A／2B／3C／4D／5A／6B／7C／8D／9A／10B

長文2：11B／12C／13D／14A／15B／16C／17D／18A／19B／20C

長文3：21A／22B／23C／24D／25A／26B／27C／28D／29A／30B

長文4：31A／32B／33C／34D／35A／36B／37C／38D／39A／40B

7日間の復習

初日に4長文40問を解きます。2日目は必須条件と推奨、3日目は任意と禁止、4日目は申請と確約、5日目は予約制と予約不要、6日目は対象者別の条件を確認し、7日目に誤答を再テストしましょう。

FAQ

requiredとrecommendedは同じ意味ですか？

いいえ。requiredは必要条件、recommendedは推奨であり原則として必須ではありません。

optionalは参加禁止を意味しますか？

いいえ。通常は本人が選べるという意味で、禁止を意味しません。

not requiredはmust notと同じですか？

いいえ。not requiredは義務ではない、must notはしてはいけないという禁止です。

この教材は公式過去問ですか？

いいえ。慶英会が独自作成した英文と問題です。

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• 英検2級無料模試第182セット・独自33題
• unless・as long as・provided that・in caseの条件40問
• 英検2級無料教材総合一覧

慶英会の最大1か月無料体験・お問い合わせから英検2級と学校英語の学習相談が可能です。

参考にした公式情報

日本英語検定協会「英検2級の試験内容」。英文・設問・全訳・解説は慶英会独自制作です。