慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
結論：英検1級の上級語彙では、抽象名詞の日本語訳だけでなく、研究・法律・公共政策のどの概念を表すかが重要です。慶英会の独自語彙第28セットは、法律・政策・研究に関係する22語の4択88選択肢、英文言い換え12問、評論文2篇の内容一致8問を全訳・解説付きで掲載します。特にmandate、liability、provenance、caveat、oversight、legitimacyなどを文脈で区別する42問の無料教材です。
英検1級のReadingは短文語句空所22問です（英検協会｜1級試験内容）。本教材は独自の22語彙問題に言い換えと読解を追加したもので、英検公式過去問の転載ではありません。
学術動詞のコロケーションを復習：英検1級語彙第29セット｜動詞22問・言い換え12問・長文8問。抽象名詞から動詞と目的語の組合せへ練習を進めます。
知っている単語でも間違える4つの典型
- oversight：監督という意味のほか、見落としという意味もある。文脈で判定する。
- liability / legitimacy：法的責任と正当性は別概念。
- correlation / inference：観測された相関と、そこから導く推論を区別する。
- mandate / precedent：権限・委任と、先例を混同しない。
第1部｜英検1級語彙の独自4択22問
Q1. The judge examined whether the agency had the legal (____) to impose the new requirement.
- A. mandate
- B. restitution
- C. propensity
- D. precedent
Q2. The manufacturer accepted (____) for the defective equipment and agreed to cover the damages.
- A. scrutiny
- B. liability
- C. feasibility
- D. dissent
Q3. The panel requested independent (____) of the evidence before the public claim was repeated.
- A. propensity
- B. mandate
- C. scrutiny
- D. restitution
Q4. The report included a clear (____) that the findings applied only to adults who joined voluntarily.
- A. mandate
- B. remedy
- C. provenance
- D. caveat
Q5. A sudden power failure prompted the hospital to activate its emergency (____) plan.
- A. contingency
- B. restitution
- C. reciprocity
- D. inference
Q6. Several members recorded their formal (____) from the committee’s final recommendation.
- A. compliance
- B. dissent
- C. liability
- D. feasibility
Q7. The new index preserved the (____) of each artifact by documenting previous owners and acquisition dates.
- A. threshold
- B. attrition
- C. provenance
- D. ambiguity
Q8. After the misleading report was withdrawn, the affected residents sought (____) for documented financial losses.
- A. precedent
- B. contingency
- C. correlation
- D. restitution
Q9. The researchers distinguished a statistical (____) from evidence that one variable had caused another.
- A. correlation
- B. mandate
- C. remedy
- D. dissent
Q10. A community review identified a serious (____) in access to late-evening transport between urban and rural residents.
- A. reciprocity
- B. disparity
- C. liability
- D. inference
Q11. The survey suffered from participant (____) because many people withdrew before the final questionnaire.
- A. legitimacy
- B. mandate
- C. attrition
- D. remedy
Q12. The written policy lacked (____) about whether temporary employees were eligible.
- A. feasibility
- B. oversight
- C. reciprocity
- D. clarity
Q13. A lack of independent (____) allowed inaccurate records to remain uncorrected for months.
- A. oversight
- B. inference
- C. precedent
- D. restitution
Q14. The agreement rested on (____), with both institutions sharing equipment under comparable conditions.
- A. attrition
- B. reciprocity
- C. ambiguity
- D. liability
Q15. The reviewers rejected the unsupported (____) that every download represented meaningful learning.
- A. restitution
- B. compliance
- C. inference
- D. mandate
Q16. The pilot revealed substantial technical obstacles to the (____) of installing the sensors across the entire region.
- A. legitimacy
- B. reciprocity
- C. provenance
- D. feasibility
Q17. The independent auditor examined the firm’s (____) with the environmental rules.
- A. compliance
- B. dissent
- C. threshold
- D. propensity
Q18. A court ruling established a significant (____) for similar future disputes.
- A. caveat
- B. precedent
- C. disparity
- D. propensity
Q19. The safety procedure requires immediate action when contamination exceeds a specified (____).
- A. restitution
- B. reciprocity
- C. threshold
- D. dissent
Q20. Investigators looked for a practical (____) that could correct the flawed application process.
- A. provenance
- B. liability
- C. precedent
- D. remedy
Q21. The policy’s public (____) depended on transparent consultation rather than a claim of unanimous support.
- A. legitimacy
- B. attrition
- C. propensity
- D. disparity
Q22. The report noted a (____) for some users to abandon online forms when the instructions became complicated.
- A. precedent
- B. propensity
- C. restitution
- D. liability
語彙22問の全解答と88選択肢の詳解
Q1 正答 A：mandate。 要求を課す法的権限はmandate。単なる前例precedentとは異なる。 全選択肢：A. mandate＝法的な権限・委任 ／ B. restitution＝原状回復・賠償 ／ C. propensity＝傾向 ／ D. precedent＝先例
Q2 正答 B：liability。 損害への責任を負うliability。 全選択肢：A. scrutiny＝精査 ／ B. liability＝法的責任 ／ C. feasibility＝実現可能性 ／ D. dissent＝異議
Q3 正答 C：scrutiny。 evidenceの独立精査。scrutiny of evidence。 全選択肢：A. propensity＝傾向 ／ B. mandate＝委任 ／ C. scrutiny＝詳細な精査 ／ D. restitution＝損害賠償・回復
Q4 正答 D：caveat。 研究の一般化を限定するcaveat。 全選択肢：A. mandate＝委任 ／ B. remedy＝救済策 ／ C. provenance＝来歴 ／ D. caveat＝留保・注意条件
Q5 正答 A：contingency。 contingency plan＝不測事態への備え。 全選択肢：A. contingency＝緊急時の代替策 ／ B. restitution＝原状回復 ／ C. reciprocity＝相互性 ／ D. inference＝推論
Q6 正答 B：dissent。 record dissent＝公式に反対を表明。 全選択肢：A. compliance＝順守 ／ B. dissent＝異議・反対意見 ／ C. liability＝責任 ／ D. feasibility＝実行可能性
Q7 正答 C：provenance。 取得元や所有履歴を示すprovenance。 全選択肢：A. threshold＝閾値 ／ B. attrition＝途中脱落 ／ C. provenance＝由来・来歴 ／ D. ambiguity＝曖昧さ
Q8 正答 D：restitution。 実害を回復するrestitution。 全選択肢：A. precedent＝前例 ／ B. contingency＝不測事態 ／ C. correlation＝相関 ／ D. restitution＝損害回復・賠償
Q9 正答 A：correlation。 correlationとcausationを対比。 全選択肢：A. correlation＝相関 ／ B. mandate＝法的権限 ／ C. remedy＝救済策 ／ D. dissent＝異議
Q10 正答 B：disparity。 地域間のアクセス格差disparity。 全選択肢：A. reciprocity＝相互性 ／ B. disparity＝格差・不均衡 ／ C. liability＝責任 ／ D. inference＝推論
Q11 正答 C：attrition。 参加者の脱落attrition。 全選択肢：A. legitimacy＝正当性 ／ B. mandate＝委任 ／ C. attrition＝途中離脱 ／ D. remedy＝救済
Q12 正答 D：clarity。 対象資格が曖昧なのでlack clarity。 全選択肢：A. feasibility＝実現可能性 ／ B. oversight＝監督 ／ C. reciprocity＝相互性 ／ D. clarity＝明瞭さ
Q13 正答 A：oversight。 independent oversight＝独立監督。 全選択肢：A. oversight＝監督 ／ B. inference＝推論 ／ C. precedent＝先例 ／ D. restitution＝賠償
Q14 正答 B：reciprocity。 双方が同条件で提供するreciprocity。 全選択肢：A. attrition＝脱落 ／ B. reciprocity＝相互協力・互恵 ／ C. ambiguity＝曖昧さ ／ D. liability＝法的責任
Q15 正答 C：inference。 download数から理解への推論inference。 全選択肢：A. restitution＝賠償 ／ B. compliance＝順守 ／ C. inference＝推論 ／ D. mandate＝法的委任
Q16 正答 D：feasibility。 technical feasibility＝技術的実行可能性。 全選択肢：A. legitimacy＝正当性 ／ B. reciprocity＝互恵 ／ C. provenance＝来歴 ／ D. feasibility＝実現可能性
Q17 正答 A：compliance。 compliance with rules。 全選択肢：A. compliance＝法令順守 ／ B. dissent＝異議 ／ C. threshold＝閾値 ／ D. propensity＝傾向
Q18 正答 B：precedent。 establish a precedent。 全選択肢：A. caveat＝注意条件 ／ B. precedent＝法的先例 ／ C. disparity＝格差 ／ D. propensity＝傾向
Q19 正答 C：threshold。 thresholdを超えると措置を開始。 全選択肢：A. restitution＝賠償 ／ B. reciprocity＝相互性 ／ C. threshold＝基準値・閾値 ／ D. dissent＝反対意見
Q20 正答 D：remedy。 欠陥を直すremedy。 全選択肢：A. provenance＝来歴 ／ B. liability＝責任 ／ C. precedent＝先例 ／ D. remedy＝是正策・救済策
Q21 正答 A：legitimacy。 透明な意思決定の正当性legitimacy。 全選択肢：A. legitimacy＝正当性 ／ B. attrition＝離脱 ／ C. propensity＝傾向 ／ D. disparity＝格差
Q22 正答 B：propensity。 propensity to abandon＝離脱しやすい傾向。 全選択肢：A. precedent＝先例 ／ B. propensity＝傾向・性向 ／ C. restitution＝損害回復 ／ D. liability＝法的責任
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
塾長の経歴・指導方針
中高一貫校の英語・定期テスト・英検の学習状況を整理し、必要な復習の優先順位を考えたい方は、無料体験・学習相談のご案内をご確認ください。最大1か月完全無料体験の対象・回数・担当講師は、お申し込み時にご案内します。
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第2部｜独自英文言い換え12問
Q23 原文：The regulator checked whether the company followed the safety rules. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q24 原文：Members expressed formal disagreement with the proposal. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q25 原文：The report warned that its findings covered only a small group. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q26 原文：Several people left the study before its final stage. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q27 原文：The firm was legally responsible for the damages. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q28 原文：The archive documented who had previously owned each painting. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q29 原文：The city considered whether the new service was practical to operate. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q30 原文：Two groups had unequal access to the resource. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q31 原文：The new rule used a precise level that triggered action. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q32 原文：An independent body supervised the evaluation. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q33 原文：The company offered a way to correct the harm caused by the error. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
Q34 原文：The two partners agreed to exchange assistance on mutual terms. 学んだ抽象名詞を使い、意味を変えずに書き直してください。
言い換え12問の模範文と解説
Q23 模範：The regulator examined the company’s compliance with the safety rules. 解説：compliance with＝規則を守る状態。
Q24 模範：Members recorded their dissent from the proposal. 解説：record dissent＝反対意見を公式に残す。
Q25 模範：The report included a caveat about its limited sample. 解説：caveat＝重要な留保。
Q26 模範：The study experienced participant attrition. 解説：attrition＝途中脱落。
Q27 模範：The firm bore liability for the damages. 解説：liability＝法的な責任。
Q28 模範：The archive documented the provenance of each painting. 解説：provenance＝来歴。
Q29 模範：The city assessed the feasibility of operating the new service. 解説：feasibility＝実現可能性。
Q30 模範：There was a disparity in access to the resource. 解説：disparity＝格差。
Q31 模範：The new rule established a threshold for action. 解説：threshold＝措置の基準。
Q32 模範：An independent body provided oversight of the evaluation. 解説：oversight＝監督（見落としの意味もあるので文脈注意）。
Q33 模範：The company offered a remedy for the harm caused by the error. 解説：remedy＝救済・是正手段。
Q34 模範：The partners agreed on reciprocity in their assistance. 解説：reciprocity＝互恵・相互性。
第3部｜独自評論長文2篇・内容一致8問
長文1｜海洋保護区の規則変更と住民参加
Paragraph 1. The fictional coastal region of Havenmere proposed revising rules for a marine reserve. Officials argued that clearer restrictions could protect breeding areas, while local fishing groups worried about the effects on their work. During the consultation, thousands of messages were submitted through an online portal. The regional council described this as strong public engagement, but independent reviewers warned that the number of submissions did not establish a consensus. Some people had sent several messages, and residents without reliable internet access were underrepresented.
Paragraph 2. The reviewers also examined the legitimacy of the process. Several meetings were held during working hours, preventing some fishing workers from attending. A proposal to offer evening meetings and paper submissions was therefore introduced. The council accepted that formal opportunities to comment were insufficient if affected people could not realistically use them.
Paragraph 3. Environmental researchers supported monitoring the reserve but noted a caveat in the early data: surveys had covered only selected reefs during favorable weather. They recommended consistent measurements across seasons and a clear distinction between observed population changes and assumed causes. Fishermen also asked the council to consider safety and access to alternative fishing grounds.
Paragraph 4. The council approved further consultation and an independent environmental assessment. It did not immediately implement every proposed restriction. Officials said that decisions would require transparent evidence, attention to different communities, and a practical review of enforcement costs.
Q35. What did the independent reviewers say about the volume of online submissions?
- A. It did not necessarily represent consensus among affected residents.
- B. It proved that every fishing worker supported the plan.
- C. It showed that offline comments had no value.
- D. It represented one message from every household.
Q36. Why were evening meetings and paper submissions proposed?
- A. To prevent environmental researchers from speaking.
- B. To allow more affected residents to participate realistically.
- C. To eliminate the need for any consultation.
- D. To guarantee identical opinions among residents.
Q37. What limitation applied to the ecological surveys?
- A. Every measurement was performed across all seasons.
- B. The data came exclusively from satellite images.
- C. They covered selected reefs in favorable weather rather than the entire area.
- D. The researchers had proved that restrictions were ineffective.
Q38. What was the council’s final action?
- A. Adopt every restriction immediately.
- B. Cancel all evaluation permanently.
- C. Treat online messages as binding votes.
- D. Approve further consultation and independent assessment before decisions.
長文の段落別全文和訳
第1段落：架空のHavenmere沿岸地域は海洋保護区規則を改定しようとした。オンライン投稿は多いが同一人の複数投稿や非ネット利用者の欠落があり、合意を示すとは限らない。
第2段落：会議が勤務時間中だったため漁業従事者が参加しにくく、夜間会議や紙提出を追加。形式的な機会があっても実際に利用できなければ公平ではない。
第3段落：初期調査は好天時の一部の岩礁に限られ、原因を断定できない。季節横断の測定と漁場へのアクセス・安全も評価する。
第4段落：市は独立した環境評価と協議を承認したが、提案された規則をすべて直ちに実施したわけではない。
読解4問の解答・根拠
Q35 正答 A：It did not necessarily represent consensus among affected residents. 解説：重複投稿と参加者の偏りがあるため投稿数≠合意。
Q36 正答 B：To allow more affected residents to participate realistically. 解説：勤務・ネット利用の障壁を減らすため。
Q37 正答 C：They covered selected reefs in favorable weather rather than the entire area. 解説：一部地点・好条件に限られる。
Q38 正答 D：Approve further consultation and independent assessment before decisions. 解説：さらに協議・評価を行い実施は未確定。
長文2｜字幕付き公開講義と教育への公平なアクセス
Paragraph 1. An imaginary city university opened a series of public lectures with live captions and recordings. The program was designed for residents who could not attend ordinary daytime classes. Within two months, the online platform recorded thousands of views, and administrators praised the initiative as an educational breakthrough. Evaluators welcomed the interest but emphasized that a view did not show whether a person had watched the entire lecture or gained useful knowledge.
Paragraph 2. Access varied among groups. Some participants used older devices that could not display captions reliably, while others needed written transcripts or shorter explanations. The university introduced downloadable text and low-bandwidth versions, but these services required ongoing staff time. A survey conducted through the video player was mainly completed by frequent viewers. That created uncertainty about the experiences of people who had struggled to access the platform.
Paragraph 3. To assess learning, instructors asked volunteers to explain unfamiliar examples rather than simply recall words from slides. Some showed improved understanding, but participants had also attended separate community workshops. The evaluators cautioned against attributing all gains to the lecture recordings. They also requested an assessment of costs, including caption editing, technical support, and accessible-format production.
Paragraph 4. The university continued the pilot while planning broader evaluation. It aimed to distinguish reach, comprehension, and practical use, and to compare the new format with in-person and paper alternatives. Permanent expansion would depend on evidence that the service was accessible and effective, rather than on the total number of views.
Q39. What was the evaluators’ objection to using view totals alone?
- A. They were unable to count any viewers.
- B. Views did not establish completion or learning.
- C. All lectures were delivered only in person.
- D. Students had refused to use captioning.
Q40. What access difficulty was reported?
- A. Every participant had fast internet.
- B. The university refused to produce any transcript.
- C. Some older devices could not display captions reliably.
- D. The university charged all visitors a high fee.
Q41. Why could the program not claim full credit for learning improvements?
- A. The university had never taught any lectures.
- B. All improvements occurred before the pilot.
- C. The questions were unrelated to lectures.
- D. Separate community workshops took place during the same period.
Q42. Which statement describes the university’s decision?
- A. Continue the pilot and evaluate access, comprehension, and costs before permanent expansion.
- B. Guarantee permanent expansion based on views.
- C. Discard accessible formats to reduce costs immediately.
- D. Declare that digital attendance is always superior to in-person alternatives.
長文の段落別全文和訳
第1段落：架空の市立大学は字幕・録画付きの公開講義を提供。視聴数は多いが、最後まで見たか・学習したかを示さない。
第2段落：古い端末や通信速度で字幕が利用しにくい人がおり、文字起こしや軽量版を追加。視聴プレーヤー内の調査は頻繁な視聴者に偏っていた。
第3段落：未知の例を説明する課題で理解を調べたが、別講座も同時期にあり録画単独の効果と断定できない。字幕編集や支援の費用も検討する。
第4段落：試行を継続して到達・理解・実際の利用を別々に評価。恒久拡大は公平なアクセスと成果の証拠次第。
読解4問の解答・根拠
Q39 正答 B：Views did not establish completion or learning. 解説：視聴数は修了や理解の指標ではない。
Q40 正答 C：Some older devices could not display captions reliably. 解説：古い端末で字幕が使いにくい。
Q41 正答 D：Separate community workshops took place during the same period. 解説：同時期の学習活動という交絡。
Q42 正答 A：Continue the pilot and evaluate access, comprehension, and costs before permanent expansion. 解説：試行・評価を継続し恒久化は未決定。
復習チェックと活用
- 22問の誤答に含まれる抽象名詞も英語と日本語で説明できるか。
- 12問の言い換えで、元の文の条件や主語を変えていないか。
- 長文で参加・賛否、視聴・理解、審査・正式承認を混同していないか。
- 翌日に意味、3日後に短文への使用、7日後に新しい長文での理解を確認する。
よくある質問
oversightは監督と見落としのどちらですか？
independent oversightであれば独立した監督、一方an oversight in the reportなら報告書の見落としを意味します。前後の構文を見ます。
この教材は英検の公式語彙問題ですか？
いいえ。22問の4択と追加20問は慶英会独自制作です。公式Readingの短文語句空所22問という内訳だけを参考にしています。
英検1級の関連無料教材
慶英会では語彙を長文読解や英作文・面接に応用するための英語学習相談を行っています。最大1か月無料体験・学習相談。
公式形式の参考
例文・長文・架空の海洋保護区と大学講義・解答と和訳は慶英会のオリジナル教材であり、実在の公的調査を示すものではありません。
最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談受付中
最大1か月の完全無料体験をご案内
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1.学年 2. 学習目標 3.体験ご希望をお送りください。
体験の期間・回数・担当講師・日程は、ご希望と受付状況を確認してご案内します。
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する