
慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検1級Reading・慶英会独自第37セット。試験の設問数を参考にした短文語句空所22問・長文空所6問・長文内容一致7問=全35問・140択の無料問題集です。独自長文4題の日本語解説、正答根拠・誤答選択肢の問題点、語彙22問の4択語義まで掲載しています。題材は道路冠水センサー、文化助成金、医療データの匿名化、古い集合住宅の耐震改修です。
英検1級の公式Readingは短文22問、長文空所6問、内容一致7問です(協会の試験内容)。本教材は慶英会が新たに作った演習で、実際の英検公式過去問ではありません。
続きの無料教材:Reading第38セット|35問・全140択。初見演習のあと、解答の根拠と誤答の原因まで確認してください。
35問を解く順序と読解のポイント
- 語彙:目的語と文全体の因果・肯定否定から判断する。
- 長文空所:接続関係と前後の段落の主張、留保を照合する。
- 長文内容一致:選択肢の断定を本文の根拠で確かめ、提案と実施結果を区別する。
- 初見のあと解答と選択肢の誤りを確認し、翌日と1週間後に再演習する。
第1部|語句空所22問
Q1
The policy’s apparent success was _____ by changes in how the data had been collected.
- A. confounded
- B. vindicated
- C. stipulated
- D. ratified
Q2
The new admissions system was designed to _____ the disadvantages faced by applicants without reliable internet access.
- A. exacerbate
- B. mitigate
- C. entrench
- D. preclude
Q3
The review panel asked the agency to _____ its estimate with the underlying transaction records.
- A. disavow
- B. extrapolate
- C. substantiate
- D. curtail
Q4
The sudden rise in operating expenses threatened to _____ the library’s modest financial reserves.
- A. disseminate
- B. ratify
- C. bolster
- D. deplete
Q5
The museum decided to _____ the uncertain age of the object rather than state one date as certain.
- A. acknowledge
- B. obviate
- C. refute
- D. inflate
Q6
The expert cautioned that low reported costs could _____ substantial maintenance expenses.
- A. elucidate
- B. conceal
- C. ratify
- D. mitigate
Q7
A revised training program might _____ communication between field staff and laboratory researchers.
- A. impugn
- B. forestall
- C. facilitate
- D. repudiate
Q8
The council voted to _____ the outdated regulations, replacing them with a more flexible framework.
- A. substantiate
- B. reconcile
- C. enumerate
- D. repeal
Q9
Researchers were unable to _____ the unusual results when they repeated the experiment.
- A. replicate
- B. conflate
- C. proscribe
- D. disburse
Q10
The environmental assessment should _____ short-term savings against future repair costs.
- A. disavow
- B. weigh
- C. preclude
- D. ratify
Q11
The new measurements seemed to _____ the claim that the old bridge had never carried heavy vehicles.
- A. entrench
- B. corroborate
- C. belie
- D. abrogate
Q12
The policy unintentionally _____ smaller providers by imposing identical fixed reporting costs.
- A. alleviated
- B. vindicated
- C. corroborated
- D. disadvantaged
Q13
The agency must _____ which risks can be addressed locally and which require national coordination.
- A. delineate
- B. obviate
- C. impugn
- D. ratify
Q14
The reviewer refused to _____ misconduct to the staff merely because several files were missing.
- A. attenuate
- B. impute
- C. allay
- D. disseminate
Q15
The temporary rule could _____ future innovation if it became permanent without review.
- A. facilitate
- B. rectify
- C. stifle
- D. substantiate
Q16
Officials promised to _____ the funds from projects that had failed to meet basic safety conditions.
- A. disseminate
- B. justify
- C. replicate
- D. withdraw
Q17
The researchers hoped to _____ an apparent contradiction between two earlier studies.
- A. resolve
- B. exacerbate
- C. preclude
- D. repudiate
Q18
The audit recommended measures to _____ the accuracy of future reporting.
- A. obscure
- B. enhance
- C. curtail
- D. invalidate
Q19
The decision was criticized for _____ the interests of residents who lacked private cars.
- A. safeguarding
- B. reconciling
- C. overlooking
- D. clarifying
Q20
A dependable backup system may _____ the need for some emergency manual transfers.
- A. engender
- B. exacerbate
- C. ratify
- D. obviate
Q21
The research team sought to _____ the effect of improved lighting from seasonal changes in pedestrian use.
- A. isolate
- B. conflate
- C. ratify
- D. withhold
Q22
The new report explicitly _____ that its findings applied only to the surveyed districts.
- A. precluded
- B. stipulated
- C. obviated
- D. engendered
第2部|長文空所補充6問・独自2題
地域の道路冠水センサーと危険情報
A fictional inland municipality placed inexpensive water-depth sensors beside underpasses that sometimes flooded after heavy rain. Road managers expected the instruments to warn drivers before water accumulated to dangerous levels. The first pilot produced attractive maps showing measurements updated every few minutes, and public interest grew when local residents began sharing the graphs online.
However, several sensors transmitted incorrect readings when mud covered their measuring surfaces. A road that appeared safe on the dashboard was temporarily closed by police after a visual inspection. Officials recognized that a continuous stream of numbers could [23] _____. The appearance of precision was not equivalent to the accuracy of each measurement.
Engineers proposed calibrating sensors regularly and combining them with cameras or staff reports where conditions justified it. They also warned against using one fixed depth threshold at every underpass because road shapes, drainage and vehicle risks differed. A practical warning system needed to [24] _____, rather than simply maximize the number of sensors installed.
The municipality planned to test new rules during controlled drills and review real incidents without treating one successful storm as definitive evidence. Residents would receive plain-language alerts and alternatives for avoiding affected roads. The final assessment would consider missed warnings, false alarms, maintenance costs and how clearly people could act on the information. The goal was to [25] _____ and preserve trust in the warnings over time.
Q23
- A. create a false impression that all readings were reliable
- B. guarantee accurate forecasts without calibration
- C. remove every need for road closure
- D. prove that rainfall never affected the equipment
Q24
- A. apply a uniform threshold regardless of local conditions
- B. reflect differences in road design and corroborating observations
- C. exclude staff reports from all decisions
- D. replace every road manager with a dashboard
Q25
- A. publish only positive maps
- B. avoid recording false alarms
- C. provide trustworthy, actionable warnings rather than impressive data displays
- D. guarantee that storms will no longer occur
地域芸術の補助金と成果評価
A fictional cultural foundation changed its funding program to support small neighborhood arts projects. It hoped to make public grants more accessible to groups with limited experience in complicated applications. A new online form requested fewer documents, and the foundation announced a substantial rise in applications. Managers initially described the change as proof that support had become fairer.
Community advisers questioned that conclusion. Groups without reliable internet, accessible guidance or the time to prepare proposals might still be excluded. Meanwhile, a larger number of applications could reflect more advertising rather than broader participation. The foundation therefore decided to [26] _____. It would ask eligible groups who had not applied about their reasons as well as examine who actually received funding.
Another challenge involved measuring the value of projects. A small neighborhood workshop might attract fewer visitors than a major exhibition, yet provide sustained opportunities for residents who rarely participate in cultural events. A requirement to maximize attendance could [27] _____. At the same time, officials needed to justify spending public money and avoid treating every proposal as automatically beneficial.
The foundation introduced clear but proportionate reporting standards. Projects would describe their intended participants, actual activities, accessible participation and what organizers had learned. Reviewers would also examine budgets and long-term feasibility. The aim was to [28] _____, allowing small groups to demonstrate meaningful outcomes without being forced into expensive administrative processes.
Q26
- A. assume that everyone had equal access
- B. stop asking why some organizations did not apply
- C. compare participation among eligible groups, including those not represented in the applications
- D. count online advertisements as grant recipients
Q27
- A. guarantee every project would receive equal funding
- B. demonstrate that small projects have no value
- C. remove every need for evaluation
- D. disadvantage intimate projects that provide benefits not captured by large visitor totals
Q28
- A. balance accountability with administrative requirements that small groups can meet
- B. replace all evaluation with popularity rankings
- C. make every recipient hire an expensive consultant
- D. judge outcomes solely through advertising reach
第3部|長文内容一致7問・独自2題
公共データの匿名化と研究の再識別リスク
A fictional city health department plans to release data describing patterns in how residents use public clinics. Researchers hope to examine waiting times, travel distances and the effectiveness of appointment systems. Officials initially proposed removing names and addresses from each record and posting the remaining spreadsheet online. They believed that this would be sufficient to protect individual privacy.
Privacy specialists urged greater caution. Even records without names may reveal sensitive information when combined with other publicly available sources. A combination of unusual age, narrow location and appointment dates, for example, could make a person recognizable. The risk varies with the level of detail, the rarity of particular events and the information already available to potential users.
One proposal was to publish broad summaries instead of every individual record. This could reduce the risk of identification, but might also conceal differences between small communities and make some research questions difficult to investigate. Another proposal involved controlled access to more detailed data for approved researchers, together with requirements for secure storage and restrictions on onward disclosure. Critics noted that administering such a system would involve costs and could disadvantage researchers at smaller institutions.
The department therefore considered a tiered approach. Public summaries would provide essential trends, while more detailed information might be available under a documented review process. Independent privacy testing would examine whether individuals could be identified when data were linked with other sources. The city also planned to explain which analyses were impossible because of privacy safeguards, rather than claim that the published data were suitable for every purpose.
The debate illustrates that the value of open data depends on both useful access and responsible protection. Removing direct identifiers is not the same as eliminating all identification risk, and greater detail does not automatically result in better public decisions.
Q29
Why do privacy specialists question removing names alone?
- A. A person may still be identifiable by combining remaining details with other information.
- B. Every medical record must be destroyed after treatment.
- C. All researchers already know every patient’s identity.
- D. Waiting times can never be measured.
Q30
What difficulty can arise from publishing only broad summaries?
- A. It guarantees all future privacy violations.
- B. It may hide differences within small communities and limit some studies.
- C. It makes every health statistic illegal.
- D. It automatically removes the need for research review.
Q31
What solution is the department considering?
- A. Unrestricted public access to every detailed record.
- B. A permanent ban on all research.
- C. Public aggregate data with controlled access to more detailed records.
- D. Sharing complete data with advertisers without oversight.
修理可能な建物と地震改修の意思決定
A fictional municipal housing agency is reviewing older apartment buildings that require seismic improvements. Some residents prefer renovating the existing blocks because they wish to remain close to schools, workplaces and familiar communities. Others favor replacement buildings, arguing that old layouts may be difficult to adapt to present accessibility and energy-efficiency standards. The agency must consider safety without assuming that either renovation or demolition is always preferable.
Engineers have proposed initial structural surveys to identify the actual weaknesses of each building. Strengthening a particular wall or connection might improve performance, but a design that works in one block could be inappropriate in another. Hidden deterioration can also increase costs once construction begins. The agency therefore needs estimates that consider uncertainty and a plan for what happens if newly discovered damage makes a project more expensive.
Residents’ needs introduce additional complications. Temporary relocation during renovation may be disruptive for people with limited mobility or young children. Demolition and replacement, however, can create much longer periods of displacement and may change future rent levels. Transparent communication and practical assistance are needed before residents can compare these options meaningfully.
From an environmental perspective, retaining a usable structure may conserve some materials and reduce demolition waste. Yet an inefficient or severely deteriorated building could require substantial new materials and expensive maintenance. Evaluators must compare the expected life of each option, ongoing energy demand, repair costs and the consequences of construction, rather than rely only on the amount of waste visible at the beginning.
The agency plans a staged program with independent engineering reviews and resident consultation. It will compare structural safety, total lifecycle costs, accessibility and housing disruption before choosing between strengthening, extensive renovation and replacement. The main objective is to provide safe, durable and affordable housing while minimizing avoidable harm to existing residents.
Q32
Why does the housing agency avoid one universal approach?
- A. Each building’s condition and residents’ needs may differ.
- B. All buildings have already passed identical safety tests.
- C. Renovation is prohibited by law.
- D. Replacement necessarily costs less in every case.
Q33
What risk makes renovation costs uncertain?
- A. Residents are never permitted to move.
- B. Additional deterioration may be discovered once work begins.
- C. All materials become free during repairs.
- D. No building survey can be conducted.
Q34
What does the passage say about demolition and replacement?
- A. They eliminate every form of disruption.
- B. They are automatically the most sustainable option.
- C. They may involve lengthy displacement and affect future housing costs.
- D. They require no consideration of existing residents.
Q35
Which evaluation would best support the agency’s decision?
- A. Only the initial construction invoice.
- B. Only the visible volume of demolition waste.
- C. Only the preferences of a single engineer.
- D. Safety, lifecycle costs, accessibility and disruption across options.
全35問の解答・和訳・根拠と誤答理由
語彙22問|正答と全88択の意味
Q1:A confounded。全文訳:データ収集法の変化が政策効果の解釈を困難にした。正答理由:confounded byは他要因によって解釈が曖昧になる。全選択肢:A confounded=交絡で解釈が難しくなった/B vindicated=正しいと証明された/C stipulated=条件として規定された/D ratified=正式承認された
Q2:B mitigate。全文訳:ネット環境が悪い応募者の不利益を緩和する制度だった。正答理由:mitigate disadvantagesは不利益を緩和。全選択肢:A exacerbate=悪化させる/B mitigate=軽減する/C entrench=固定化する/D preclude=妨げる
Q3:C substantiate。全文訳:審査会は取引記録を使って見積りを裏付けるよう当局に求めた。正答理由:substantiate with recordsが自然。全選択肢:A disavow=関係を否認する/B extrapolate=外挿する/C substantiate=裏付ける/D curtail=削減する
Q4:D deplete。全文訳:運営費の急増で図書館の蓄えが枯渇しかねなかった。正答理由:deplete reservesで蓄えを減らす。全選択肢:A disseminate=広める/B ratify=承認する/C bolster=強化する/D deplete=枯渇させる
Q5:A acknowledge。全文訳:博物館は1つの確定年を示す代わりに年代の不確実性を明記した。正答理由:acknowledge uncertaintyが適切。全選択肢:A acknowledge=認めて明示する/B obviate=不要にする/C refute=反証する/D inflate=水増しする
Q6:B conceal。全文訳:低い公表費用の陰に大きな保守費が隠れている可能性がある。正答理由:conceal expensesは費用を隠す。全選択肢:A elucidate=説明する/B conceal=隠す/C ratify=承認する/D mitigate=緩和する
Q7:C facilitate。全文訳:改定訓練は現場職員と研究者の連携を円滑にする可能性がある。正答理由:facilitate communication。全選択肢:A impugn=疑義を呈する/B forestall=未然に防ぐ/C facilitate=円滑にする/D repudiate=拒絶する
Q8:D repeal。全文訳:議会は古い規則を廃止し柔軟な制度に置き換えた。正答理由:repeal regulationsは規則・法律の廃止。全選択肢:A substantiate=立証する/B reconcile=整合させる/C enumerate=列挙する/D repeal=廃止する
Q9:A replicate。全文訳:実験を繰り返しても異常な結果を再現できなかった。正答理由:replicate results。全選択肢:A replicate=再現する/B conflate=混同する/C proscribe=禁止する/D disburse=支払う
Q10:B weigh。全文訳:環境評価は短期節約と将来修理費を比較衡量すべきである。正答理由:weigh A against B。全選択肢:A disavow=否認する/B weigh=比較衡量する/C preclude=妨げる/D ratify=承認する
Q11:C belie。全文訳:新測定は古橋が重車両を一度も通していないとの主張が誤りかもしれないと示した。正答理由:belie a claimは実態と一致しないことを示す。全選択肢:A entrench=固定化する/B corroborate=裏付ける/C belie=事実と違うことを示す/D abrogate=廃止する
Q12:D disadvantaged。全文訳:一律の固定的な報告費用で小規模業者が不利になった。正答理由:disadvantage small providers。全選択肢:A alleviated=軽減した/B vindicated=正当性を示した/C corroborated=裏付けた/D disadvantaged=不利にした
Q13:A delineate。全文訳:当局は地方で対処できるリスクと全国調整を要するリスクを区分する必要がある。正答理由:delineate the difference/roles。全選択肢:A delineate=明確に区分する/B obviate=不要にする/C impugn=疑義を呈する/D ratify=批准する
Q14:B impute。全文訳:ファイルが欠けているだけで職員に不正を帰するのを査読者は拒んだ。正答理由:impute misconduct to someone。全選択肢:A attenuate=弱める/B impute=帰する・押し付ける/C allay=和らげる/D disseminate=広める
Q15:C stifle。全文訳:一時的な規則が再審査なく恒久化すると将来の革新を阻害する可能性がある。正答理由:stifle innovation。全選択肢:A facilitate=円滑にする/B rectify=訂正する/C stifle=抑え込む/D substantiate=立証する
Q16:D withdraw。全文訳:基本安全要件を満たさない事業から資金を引き揚げると担当者は約束した。正答理由:withdraw funding from projects。全選択肢:A disseminate=配布する/B justify=正当化する/C replicate=再現する/D withdraw=引き揚げる
Q17:A resolve。全文訳:研究者は先行研究の見かけの矛盾を解こうとした。正答理由:resolve a contradiction。全選択肢:A resolve=解決する/B exacerbate=悪化させる/C preclude=妨げる/D repudiate=否認する
Q18:B enhance。全文訳:監査は将来の報告精度を向上させる措置を勧めた。正答理由:enhance accuracy。全選択肢:A obscure=隠す/B enhance=向上させる/C curtail=減らす/D invalidate=無効にする
Q19:C overlooking。全文訳:自家用車のない住民の利益を見落としたとして決定が批判された。正答理由:overlook interests。全選択肢:A safeguarding=保護する/B reconciling=調整する/C overlooking=見落とす/D clarifying=明らかにする
Q20:D obviate。全文訳:信頼できるバックアップが一部緊急手作業を不要にする可能性がある。正答理由:obviate the need for。全選択肢:A engender=生み出す/B exacerbate=悪化させる/C ratify=承認する/D obviate=不要にする
Q21:A isolate。全文訳:照明改善の効果を歩行者利用の季節変化から切り分けようとした。正答理由:isolate an effect from confounders。全選択肢:A isolate=切り分ける/B conflate=混同する/C ratify=承認する/D withhold=差し控える
Q22:B stipulated。全文訳:報告書は調査対象地域のみに結果が当てはまると明示した。正答理由:stipulate thatは条件・範囲を明記する。全選択肢:A precluded=妨げた/B stipulated=明示した/C obviated=不要にした/D engendered=生んだ
長文空所6問|英文の全体理解・全24択の選別
地域の道路冠水センサーと危険情報|日本語解説
架空の自治体は冠水する道路の水深センサーを設置する。しかし泥で誤表示し、安全に見える道路が警察に閉鎖された。数値の連続表示と正確さは別であり、場所ごとの排水や道路形状に合う基準、定期校正、カメラ・職員による確認、誤警報・見逃しの評価が必要となる。
Q23:A create a false impression that all readings were reliable。根拠:精密そうな表示が誤った安全感を与える。
- A:正答。精密そうな表示が誤った安全感を与える。
- B:校正が必要。
- C:警察が実際に閉鎖した。
- D:降雨で冠水する道路。
Q24:B reflect differences in road design and corroborating observations。根拠:場所ごとの危険条件と複数情報源を使う。
- A:一律基準には問題がある。
- B:正答。場所ごとの危険条件と複数情報源を使う。
- C:職員報告も検討。
- D:無人化だけが目的ではない。
Q25:C provide trustworthy, actionable warnings rather than impressive data displays。根拠:住民が行動できる信頼可能な警報が目的。
- A:問題例も記録する。
- B:誤報は評価対象。
- C:正答。住民が行動できる信頼可能な警報が目的。
- D:天候そのものは防げない。
地域芸術の補助金と成果評価|日本語解説
架空の文化財団は少人数の地域芸術団体の助成申請を簡単にし申込数が増えた。しかしネット環境や申請支援の不足で取り残される団体があり得る。来場者数だけでは地域の価値を測れず、申請しなかった団体と採択団体も調べ、比例的な報告基準を設ける。
Q26:C compare participation among eligible groups, including those not represented in the applications。根拠:申請数の増加に隠れた不参加・格差を調べる。
- A:全員公平とは未立証。
- B:むしろ不参加理由を調べる。
- C:正答。申請数の増加に隠れた不参加・格差を調べる。
- D:広告は助成者ではない。
Q27:D disadvantage intimate projects that provide benefits not captured by large visitor totals。根拠:人数最大化だけの基準が小規模活動を不利にする。
- A:全員一律交付ではない。
- B:少人数でも価値がある。
- C:支出の説明は必要。
- D:正答。人数最大化だけの基準が小規模活動を不利にする。
Q28:A balance accountability with administrative requirements that small groups can meet。根拠:説明責任と小団体の負担を両立。
- A:正答。説明責任と小団体の負担を両立。
- B:
- C:高額コンサルを強制しない。
- D:広報のみでは不十分。
内容一致7問|英文の全体理解・全28択の選別
公共データの匿名化と研究の再識別リスク|日本語解説
架空の保健当局は診療所データを公開して研究を支援したいが、氏名や住所を消しただけで他資料との照合による再識別を防げるとは限らない。広い集計情報の一般公開と詳細データの審査付き利用を分け、プライバシー検証を行う案を検討する。詳細を減らすと研究上の限界も生じるため両者のトレードオフを明示する。
Q29:A A person may still be identifiable by combining remaining details with other information.。根拠:残る情報の組合せと外部資料で再識別され得る。
- A:正答。残る情報の組合せと外部資料で再識別され得る。
- B:誰もが全患者を知るわけでない。
- C:待機時間分析は目的の一つ。
- D:undefined
Q30:B It may hide differences within small communities and limit some studies.。根拠:匿名性を高めても細かな地域差や研究可能性が失われ得る。
- A:違反を保証しない。
- B:正答。匿名性を高めても細かな地域差や研究可能性が失われ得る。
- C:違法とは述べない。
- D:詳細利用の審査も必要。
Q31:C Public aggregate data with controlled access to more detailed records.。根拠:公開集計と審査付き詳細データを分ける段階的アクセス。
- A:無制限公開は危険。
- B:研究は支援する。
- C:正答。公開集計と審査付き詳細データを分ける段階的アクセス。
- D:広告への配布は提案なし。
修理可能な建物と地震改修の意思決定|日本語解説
架空の市営住宅の耐震改修を巡り、現住宅の改修か建て替えかが議論される。建物ごとの構造・劣化は異なり、工事中の仮住まい、将来家賃、バリアフリー、省エネルギー、解体廃棄物などの条件を比較すべきである。独立した技術評価と住民の意見聴取を実施し、安全・ライフサイクル費用・住民負担で判断する。
Q32:A Each building’s condition and residents’ needs may differ.。根拠:構造・劣化・暮らしの条件が棟ごとに違う。
- A:正答。構造・劣化・暮らしの条件が棟ごとに違う。
- B:法的禁止はない。
- C:費用はケースごとに比較。
- D:undefined
Q33:B Additional deterioration may be discovered once work begins.。根拠:工事中に隠れた劣化が判明し費用が膨らむ可能性。
- A:仮転居は検討課題。
- B:正答。工事中に隠れた劣化が判明し費用が膨らむ可能性。
- C:資材は無料でない。
- D:調査は提案されている。
Q34:C They may involve lengthy displacement and affect future housing costs.。根拠:建て替えは長期の移動や家賃変化をもたらし得る。
- A:住民負担はある。
- B:環境上も比較が必要。
- C:正答。建て替えは長期の移動や家賃変化をもたらし得る。
- D:住民を考慮する。
Q35:D Safety, lifecycle costs, accessibility and disruption across options.。根拠:安全・長期費用・アクセス・生活への影響の複合評価。
- A:長期費用も評価。
- B:廃棄物だけでは不足。
- C:住民相談も必要。
- D:正答。安全・長期費用・アクセス・生活への影響の複合評価。
誤答しやすい4つの論点
- リアルタイムのセンサー数値が増えることと、警告が正確で行動に使えることは別。
- 助成金の申請数が伸びても、取り残された団体がなくなったとは限らない。
- 匿名データから氏名を除いても、他のデータとの照合で個人が再識別される可能性がある。
- 住宅改修の初期費用が安くても、保守・住民の転居・耐久性まで含めた総費用は別。
よくある質問
英検1級Readingは全部で何問ですか?
短文語句空所22問、長文空所6問、長文内容一致7問の計35問です。制度は英検協会の公式案内をご確認ください。
この35問は公式の過去問ですか?
いいえ。慶英会が制作したオリジナル演習です。実際の過去問の代替ではなく補充練習として利用してください。
内容一致が苦手な場合は?
本文に書かれていない結果を選択肢が断定していないか、誰の意見か、数字が何を測ったかを確認してください。
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本記事の英文・設問・解答・日本語解説は慶英会の完全独自教材です。出題に登場する行政・施設・研究は架空の事例です。長文の日本語解説は全体の要旨であり逐語訳ではありません。

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