慶英会 塾長
慶英グループ CEO
一般選抜にて慶應義塾大学合格（英語入試正答率97％）
成績優秀者（慶應義塾維持会奨学生）として
慶應義塾大学を卒業（2023年）
一般財団法人 慶應連合三田会
慶應義塾横浜三田会 会員
高校在学中に英検1級取得
公益財団法人 日本英語検定協会「成績優秀者」に選出
中高主要科目で「オール5」
（最高評価・高校偏差値70）
国内最高峰の英語スピーチコンテスト
「高円宮杯全日本中学校英語弁論大会」
横浜市大会入賞・神奈川県大会進出
米国高校留学中、唯一の日本人として
全米最大級の高校生リーダーシップ団体
「FBLA」主催の英語スピーチコンテストに出場
ニューヨーク州大会準優勝・全米大会進出
米国の在籍高校代表として
「シカゴ国際模擬国連会議」に出場
慶應義塾大学在学中より英語指導を行い
「英語個別指導オンライン塾｜慶英会」を設立
小学生から、現役英語講師・英検面接官を含む
社会人まで数百名以上を指導
（最前列左から2人目：塾長）
英検準2級プラスの長文でwho・whose・現在分詞・過去分詞の説明がどの名詞にかかるか分からないと、動作した人・対象・条件を取り違えることがあります。慶英会が独自作成した6長文24問と書き換え12問（計36問）では、関係詞や分詞を外して主文の主語・動詞を特定し、その後に修飾語を戻す方法を練習します。学校英語と英検の長文読解に共通する基礎を、全解答付きで確認できます。
英検協会が公開する準2級プラスの公式形式は、短文語句空所補充17問・長文空所補充6問・内容一致8問などです。本教材の36問は公式大問の再現ではなく、修飾関係の理解に特化した独自演習です。正式な試験形式は英検協会の試験内容をご確認ください。
最初の結論｜名詞の説明を括弧に入れる
| 英文 | 主文の骨組み | 追加説明 |
|---|---|---|
| A volunteer who worked as a mechanic checks tools. | A volunteer checks tools. | who節は volunteer の経歴 |
| Tools damaged during use are placed in a box. | Tools are placed in a box. | damaged が tools を説明 |
| Students working with a teacher record data. | Students record data. | working が students を説明 |
| Parents whose children have allergies can check the list. | Parents can check the list. | whose が親子関係を示す |
英文を左から一語ずつ訳して複雑になったら、先に主語・動詞・目的語を確定してください。A technician who visits twice a year checks the equipment. では、設備点検をするのは technician です。
独自6長文・内容確認24問
それぞれの長文を読み、先に答えを選んでください。答え合わせでは関係詞・分詞が修飾する名詞に線を引き、他の選択肢では動作主や条件がなぜ一致しないか説明してみましょう。
長文1｜図書館の道具貸出
The public library lends tools that residents do not need to own. A volunteer who worked as a mechanic checks them before each loan. Tools damaged during use are placed in a separate box until they can be repaired. Residents who return items on time may borrow another tool the following week. The library also offers a short safety guide written by experienced volunteers.
問1：Who checks the tools?
- A. A teacher from the school
- B. A volunteer with mechanic experience
- C. Every resident borrowing a book
- D. The bus driver
問2：Which tools are placed in a separate box?
- A. New books
- B. Every borrowed bicycle
- C. Tools damaged during use
- D. All tools in the town
問3：Who may borrow another tool the following week?
- A. Residents who return items on time
- B. Only the mechanics
- C. People returning items late
- D. All visitors on the same day
問4：Who wrote the safety guide?
- A. Every borrower
- B. The town mayor
- C. Bus passengers
- D. Experienced volunteers
長文1の模範解答・構造解説
問1 正解 B：A volunteer with mechanic experience。A volunteer who worked as a mechanic が主語。who は volunteer を修飾。
誤答を除外する根拠：A teacher from the school／Every resident borrowing a book／The bus driver は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問2 正解 C：Tools damaged during use。Tools damaged during use＝使用中に損傷した工具。
誤答を除外する根拠：New books／Every borrowed bicycle／All tools in the town は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問3 正解 A：Residents who return items on time。Residents who return items on time の限定条件。
誤答を除外する根拠：Only the mechanics／People returning items late／All visitors on the same day は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問4 正解 D：Experienced volunteers。written by experienced volunteers から作成者を判断。
誤答を除外する根拠：Every borrower／The town mayor／Bus passengers は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
長文2｜屋上の太陽光発電
Panels installed on a school’s science building produce electricity during sunny hours. Students working with a science teacher record the amount generated each day. Information collected over several months helps the class compare weather conditions. A technician who visits the school twice a year checks the equipment for damage. The students understand that cloudy weather affects production, but it does not make all solar panels useless.
問5：Where are the panels?
- A. Near a train station
- B. In the library
- C. On the science building
- D. At every student’s home
問6：Who records the electricity production?
- A. Students working with a science teacher
- B. Only parents
- C. The town mayor
- D. People buying new books
問7：Who checks the equipment twice a year?
- A. The school’s bus driver
- B. A technician visiting the school
- C. Every student at lunchtime
- D. A local shop owner
問8：What can the collected information help compare?
- A. Prices of books
- B. Railway routes
- C. Sports scores
- D. Weather conditions
長文2の模範解答・構造解説
問5 正解 C：On the science building。Panels installed on a school’s science building の場所。
誤答を除外する根拠：Near a train station／In the library／At every student’s home は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問6 正解 A：Students working with a science teacher。Students working with … が記録担当。
誤答を除外する根拠：Only parents／The town mayor／People buying new books は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問7 正解 B：A technician visiting the school。A technician who visits the school twice a year が点検担当。
誤答を除外する根拠：The school’s bus driver／Every student at lunchtime／A local shop owner は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問8 正解 D：Weather conditions。Information collected … helps … compare weather conditions。
誤答を除外する根拠：Prices of books／Railway routes／Sports scores は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
長文3｜駅前のバス案内
Passengers waiting near Central Station often ask when the next town bus will arrive. A timetable displayed beside the entrance gives regular departure times, but roadwork can cause delays. An assistant hired by the transport office helps passengers who cannot use a travel app. Comments gathered over three weeks showed that some travelers needed clearer information about changes. The office plans to create signs printed in larger letters.
問9：Who often asks about bus times?
- A. Drivers fixing buses
- B. Passengers waiting near Central Station
- C. People repairing bicycles
- D. Visitors to the school
問10：Where is the timetable?
- A. In the museum
- B. Under a bridge
- C. Beside the entrance
- D. On a school roof
問11：Who helps passengers unable to use the app?
- A. An assistant hired by the transport office
- B. Every driver at home
- C. Library volunteers
- D. Teachers from the science club
問12：What kind of signs will the office create?
- A. Only signs with tiny letters
- B. Signs asking people not to travel
- C. Signs without any words
- D. Signs printed in larger letters
長文3の模範解答・構造解説
問9 正解 B：Passengers waiting near Central Station。Passengers waiting near Central Station が動作主。
誤答を除外する根拠：Drivers fixing buses／People repairing bicycles／Visitors to the school は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問10 正解 C：Beside the entrance。timetable displayed beside the entrance と記載。
誤答を除外する根拠：In the museum／Under a bridge／On a school roof は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問11 正解 A：An assistant hired by the transport office。An assistant hired by … が主語。
誤答を除外する根拠：Every driver at home／Library volunteers／Teachers from the science club は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問12 正解 D：Signs printed in larger letters。signs printed in larger letters。
誤答を除外する根拠：Only signs with tiny letters／Signs asking people not to travel／Signs without any words は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
長文4｜学校給食の安全管理
Meals prepared at River School are checked before lunch. Parents whose children have food allergies can review an ingredient list on the school website. A nurse trained in allergy management advises teachers when special arrangements are needed. Students who bring lunch from home may eat with classmates in the cafeteria. Families using a special meal service are asked to report changes in medical instructions.
問13：Who can review the allergy ingredient list?
- A. Only students who dislike vegetables
- B. Visitors from a shopping mall
- C. Parents whose children have food allergies
- D. School bus drivers
問14：Who advises teachers?
- A. A nurse trained in allergy management
- B. The manager of the local museum
- C. A bookshop owner
- D. The school bus driver
問15：Where may students bringing their lunch eat?
- A. At a train station
- B. In the school cafeteria
- C. In the science laboratory
- D. Only outside school
問16：What changes must some families report?
- A. The price of a new school bag
- B. The weather forecast
- C. The number of buses
- D. Changes in medical instructions
長文4の模範解答・構造解説
問13 正解 C：Parents whose children have food allergies。Parents whose children have food allergies が対象。
誤答を除外する根拠：Only students who dislike vegetables／Visitors from a shopping mall／School bus drivers は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問14 正解 A：A nurse trained in allergy management。A nurse trained in … が助言者。
誤答を除外する根拠：The manager of the local museum／A bookshop owner／The school bus driver は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問15 正解 B：In the school cafeteria。Students who bring lunch from home may eat in the cafeteria。
誤答を除外する根拠：At a train station／In the science laboratory／Only outside school は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問16 正解 D：Changes in medical instructions。Families using a special meal service の報告事項。
誤答を除外する根拠：The price of a new school bag／The weather forecast／The number of buses は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
長文5｜オンラインの読書クラブ
Students living far from the school library joined an online reading club. A teacher who specializes in English literature selected stories for different levels. Discussions held every Thursday helped members share opinions. Questions prepared by student leaders encouraged quieter members to speak. Students interested in writing could send reviews, which a teacher checked before sharing. Organizers wanted fair participation without requiring everyone to speak for exactly the same length of time.
問17：Which students joined the online club?
- A. Students living far from the library
- B. People repairing the library
- C. Only bus drivers
- D. Everyone in the town
問18：Who selected the stories?
- A. The students’ parents
- B. A teacher specializing in literature
- C. The bus company
- D. The town’s sports coach
問19：When did club discussions take place?
- A. Each morning
- B. Only in the summer
- C. Every Thursday
- D. Once every five years
問20：What helped quiet members speak?
- A. Longer homework assignments
- B. A ban on stories
- C. Faster video playback
- D. Questions prepared by student leaders
長文5の模範解答・構造解説
問17 正解 A：Students living far from the library。Students living far from the school library が対象。
誤答を除外する根拠：People repairing the library／Only bus drivers／Everyone in the town は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問18 正解 B：A teacher specializing in literature。A teacher who specializes in English literature が担当。
誤答を除外する根拠：The students’ parents／The bus company／The town’s sports coach は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問19 正解 C：Every Thursday。Discussions held every Thursday の時期。
誤答を除外する根拠：Each morning／Only in the summer／Once every five years は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問20 正解 D：Questions prepared by student leaders。Questions prepared by student leaders が主語。
誤答を除外する根拠：Longer homework assignments／A ban on stories／Faster video playback は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
長文6｜公園の樹木と設備
Trees planted along the main walking path give visitors shade in summer. Residents who use the park in the early morning asked for more places to sit. Benches made from recycled wood were installed near the path, but visitors were told not to use them until the paint dried. A volunteer group responsible for keeping the park clean checks the area every Saturday. Signs explaining how to report damaged equipment are located near the entrance.
問21：What gives shade in summer?
- A. Bicycles parked near the road
- B. Trees planted along the path
- C. Only the new benches
- D. The signs at the entrance
問22：Who asked for more seats?
- A. Bus drivers
- B. Workers painting buildings
- C. Residents using the park in the early morning
- D. Museum visitors
問23：What were the benches made from?
- A. Recycled wood
- B. Glass windows
- C. Old road signs
- D. Plastic bottles only
問24：What was near the entrance?
- A. A railway line
- B. Every park bench
- C. A classroom
- D. Signs about reporting damaged equipment
長文6の模範解答・構造解説
問21 正解 B：Trees planted along the path。Trees planted along the path が主語。
誤答を除外する根拠：Bicycles parked near the road／Only the new benches／The signs at the entrance は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問22 正解 C：Residents using the park in the early morning。Residents who use the park early in the morning と限定。
誤答を除外する根拠：Bus drivers／Workers painting buildings／Museum visitors は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問23 正解 A：Recycled wood。Benches made from recycled wood。
誤答を除外する根拠：Glass windows／Old road signs／Plastic bottles only は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
問24 正解 D：Signs about reporting damaged equipment。Signs explaining how to report … が位置している。
誤答を除外する根拠：A railway line／Every park bench／A classroom は、本文の動作主・対象・条件のいずれかに一致しません。
2文を1文にする独自書き換え12問
2つの短文を結合するときは、同じ人物・物を一つの名詞にまとめ、who・whoseや分詞を用いて説明します。回答例が不自然な場合は主語と時制がずれていないか確かめてください。
書き換え1
The volunteer checked the tools. The volunteer worked as a mechanic.
模範：The volunteer who worked as a mechanic checked the tools.
理由：who が volunteer の経歴を説明。
書き換え2
The tools were damaged during use. They were placed in a box.
模範：The tools damaged during use were placed in a box.
理由：damaged は tools の状態。
書き換え3
Students work with the teacher. They record data.
模範：Students working with the teacher record data.
理由：working は students の動作。
書き換え4
The technician visits twice a year. He checks the equipment.
模範：The technician who visits twice a year checks the equipment.
理由：who節が technician を限定。
書き換え5
The timetable was displayed near the entrance. It showed times.
模範：The timetable displayed near the entrance showed times.
理由：displayed が timetable を説明。
書き換え6
The office hired an assistant. The assistant helped passengers.
模範：The assistant hired by the office helped passengers.
理由：hired は assistant を修飾。
書き換え7
The parents have children with food allergies. They can check the list.
模範：Parents whose children have food allergies can check the list.
理由：whose が保護者と子を結ぶ。
書き換え8
The nurse was trained in allergy management. She advises teachers.
模範：The nurse trained in allergy management advises teachers.
理由：trained は nurse の情報。
書き換え9
The leaders prepared the questions. The questions helped members.
模範：Questions prepared by the leaders helped members.
理由：prepared は questions を説明。
書き換え10
The discussions are held on Thursdays. They help members.
模範：Discussions held on Thursdays help members.
理由：held on Thursdays は discussions にかかる。
書き換え11
The benches are made from recycled wood. They stand near the path.
模範：The benches made from recycled wood stand near the path.
理由：made from … は benches を修飾。
書き換え12
The town collected comments. They informed the plan.
模範：Comments collected by the town informed the plan.
理由：collected by … は comments を説明。
後置修飾を見分ける4つの手掛かり
| 表現 | 主な役割 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| who＋動詞 | 人の動作・特徴 | a teacher who visits the school |
| whose＋名詞 | 所有・人間関係 | parents whose children have allergies |
| 名詞＋-ing | 動作中の人・物の情報 | students working with a teacher |
| 名詞＋過去分詞 | 何かをされた物の状態 | tools damaged during use |
過去分詞は必ず受け身を表現するとは限りませんが、tools damaged during use では「使用中に壊れた工具」を説明します。名詞との意味関係を判断し、動詞の主語を取り違えないでください。
家庭での14日間の練習
| 日程 | 課題 | 確認すること |
|---|---|---|
| 1〜3日目 | 長文1〜3を各4問 | who・-ing・過去分詞の対象 |
| 4〜6日目 | 長文4〜6を各4問 | whose・前置詞句・主文動詞 |
| 7〜10日目 | 書き換え1〜8を2問ずつ | 説明を主文に戻せるか |
| 11〜12日目 | 書き換え9〜12を2問ずつ | 動詞と主語の一致 |
| 13日目 | 全誤答を再テスト | なぜ別の選択肢が違うか |
| 14日目 | 英検協会の初見長文 | 修飾句を外して骨組みを読めるか |
よくある質問
Q．who節を訳さず飛ばしてよいですか？
主文の骨組みを先に確認するため一時的に外すのは有効ですが、誰のことかを限定する重要情報なら必ず戻って読む必要があります。
Q．名詞の後ろの-ingは必ず進行形ですか？
いいえ。students working with a teacher は現在分詞が名詞を説明しています。be動詞のある students are working とは構造が異なります。
Q．公式のリーディングでは36問出ますか？
修飾語を問う36問の公式大問はありません。本記事は長文内容一致などに必要な文法理解を補う独自教材です。
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慶英会の学校英語・英検個別指導
長文の主語・動詞が取れない場合は、語彙だけを増やす前に修飾関係と指示語を確認します。慶英会は慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級の塾長が運営するオンライン個別指導塾です。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご覧ください。
参考にした主な公式情報
2026年10月26日確認。長文6本、24の4択と12の書き換え問題は慶英会作成の独自教材で、英検協会の公式問題・公式採点基準ではありません。
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