
慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検準2級プラスの長文で関係代名詞が続くと、誰が何をしたのか分からなくなることがあります。Students who designed the signs(標識を設計した生徒)とthe signs that reminded visitors(訪問者に注意を促す標識)のように、who・that・whoseが説明する名詞(先行詞)を確認しましょう。慶英会の独自4長文24課題で練習します。
対象:準2級プラスReadingの長文内容一致で人物・物事の関係を誤読する中高生。本記事は4択内容一致16問と誤文訂正・和訳8課題を含む独自教材です。公式出題のReading内容一致8問とは問題数が異なります。
結論|修飾される名詞と主節の動詞を分ける
| 表現 | 役割 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| who | 人の説明 | students who joined the club |
| that / which | 物・事の説明 | signs that remind visitors |
| whose | 所属・所有などの関係 | students whose parents work late |
| , who … , | 補足情報(非制限用法) | the teacher, who checked the design, … |
復習の手順
- 関係詞の前にある名詞に線を引く。
- 関係詞節をいったん括弧に入れ、主節の主語と動詞を確認する。
- 選択肢に書かれた行動者が本文と一致するか照合する。
- 誤文を直し、複文の和訳で情報のつながりを確かめる。
独自長文1|体育館の省エネ案内
At Greenfield School, students who belonged to the environment club designed signs that reminded visitors to turn off lights. The art teacher, who had helped them with their drawings, checked the designs before printing. Maintenance workers installed the signs near doors that led to the sports hall. During the first week, some visitors whose schedules had changed did not notice the signs. The club then placed an additional sign beside the exit. The school collected electricity records, but it has not yet established whether the signs actually reduced energy use.
6課題
- Who designed the signs?
- The students in the environment club.
- The art teacher alone.
- The maintenance workers.
- The visitors.
- What does ‘that reminded visitors’ describe?
- The sports hall.
- The signs.
- The teachers.
- The electricity records.
- Who checked the designs?
- The visitors.
- The club president.
- The art teacher.
- The school principal.
- What did maintenance workers do?
- Design the drawings.
- Collect electricity data.
- Change visitor schedules.
- Install the signs.
- 誤文を訂正:Visitors whose schedules had changed designed the signs.
- 和訳:The school has not yet established whether the signs actually reduced energy use.
全文和訳・6課題の正答・解説を表示
【全文和訳】グリーンフィールド校では環境クラブに所属する生徒が消灯を促す標識を作った。絵の制作を手伝った美術教師が印刷前にデザインを確認。保守担当者は体育館につながる扉の近くに標識を設置した。初週は日程が変わった来訪者の一部が表示に気づかず、クラブは出口横に追加表示を置いた。学校は電力データを集めたが、標識が本当に消費量を減らしたかはまだ分かっていない。
- A:The students in the environment club.。students who belonged to…を先行詞とする。
- B:The signs.。thatの先行詞はsigns。
- C:The art teacher.。非制限用法whoで説明されているthe art teacher。
- D:Install the signs.。installed the signsの主語はmaintenance workers。
- Visitors whose schedules had changed did not notice the signs during the first week.
訪問者は気づかなかった人々であり、製作者ではない。
- 学校は標識が実際にエネルギー使用量を減らしたかどうか、まだ確認できていない。
whether節は確認対象、has not yetは未確認を表す。
独自長文2|図書館の放課後読書クラブ
A town library started a club for students whose parents often worked late. Volunteers who had experience teaching young readers led the sessions. The books that students borrowed were chosen by librarians, who also prepared short questions about each story. One student wrote a review that described the problems faced by a young character. Other members discussed the review in small groups. The library is considering an additional session for older students, but the new schedule has not been approved. Staff will ask families for feedback before making a final decision.
6課題
- Who was the club initially designed for?
- Only school teachers.
- Students whose parents often worked late.
- All museum visitors.
- Students already attending university.
- What did the experienced volunteers do?
- Choose all books.
- Approve the new schedule.
- Lead the sessions.
- Design a new library building.
- Who selected the borrowed books?
- The author.
- Parents.
- A visitor.
- Librarians.
- What did one student’s review describe?
- Problems faced by a young character.
- The library’s repair costs.
- The club’s final budget.
- The volunteers’ salaries.
- 誤文を訂正:The librarians have approved sessions for older students.
- 和訳:The books that students borrowed were chosen by librarians.
全文和訳・6課題の正答・解説を表示
【全文和訳】町の図書館は保護者が遅くまで働くことの多い生徒向けにクラブを始めた。若い読者を指導した経験があるボランティアが会を進行し、生徒が借りる本は、物語ごとの質問も用意した司書が選んだ。ある生徒は若い登場人物の問題を描いた書評を書き、他の会員が少人数で話し合った。図書館は年長者向けの追加開催を検討中だが、日程は未承認で、最終決定前に家庭へ意見を聞く予定だ。
- B:Students whose parents often worked late.。students whose parents … が対象。
- C:Lead the sessions.。who had experience… modifies volunteers。
- D:Librarians.。books … were chosen by librarians。
- A:Problems faced by a young character.。that described modifies a review, and describes problems。
- The library is considering sessions for older students, but the schedule has not been approved.
検討中と承認済みを混同しない。
- 生徒たちが借りた本は司書によって選ばれた。
that students borrowedはbooksを説明する関係詞節。
独自長文3|学校の雨量観測
Students who studied environmental science installed a small sensor that measured rainfall near their school garden. The data that the sensor collected were checked by a teacher whose research focused on local weather. After two months, the group published a short report. Some weeks that had little rain required extra watering, while wet weeks provided enough rainwater for part of the garden. The group suggested a larger storage tank, but the school manager wanted more information about maintenance costs. No decision has been made about buying the tank.
6課題
- Who installed the rainfall sensor?
- The school manager.
- The teacher alone.
- Students studying environmental science.
- Local residents.
- What did the sensor measure?
- Air pollution.
- School attendance.
- Electricity.
- Rainfall.
- Whose research concerned local weather?
- The teacher’s.
- The manager’s.
- The students’ parents’.
- The gardener’s.
- What did the group suggest?
- Removing the garden.
- Buying a larger tank.
- Closing the research project.
- Changing all classes.
- 誤文を訂正:All weeks produced enough rainwater for the garden.
- 和訳:The data that the sensor collected were checked by a teacher whose research focused on local weather.
全文和訳・6課題の正答・解説を表示
【全文和訳】環境科学を学んでいる生徒たちは学校菜園の近くに雨量計を設置した。計測データは地元の天候を研究している教師が確認した。2か月後、グループは短い報告書を公表。雨の少ない週には追加の水やりが必要だったが、雨の多い週は菜園に必要な水の一部を雨水でまかなえた。グループは大きな貯水タンクを提案したが、学校管理者は維持費の情報を求め、購入は未決定だ。
- C:Students studying environmental science.。students who studied … が主語。
- D:Rainfall.。sensor that measured rainfall。
- A:The teacher’s.。a teacher whose research focused …。
- B:Buying a larger tank.。suggested a larger storage tank。
- Wet weeks provided enough rainwater for part of the garden, while dry weeks needed extra watering.
allとpartを混同しない。
- センサーが収集したデータは、地元の天候を研究する教師によって確認された。
that節はdataを、whose節はteacherを説明する。
独自長文4|地域バスの時刻表変更
A town introduced an afternoon shuttle for residents who needed to reach the health center. The drivers, who had attended a safety workshop, reported that the busiest stop was near the railway station. Passengers whose appointments finished after four could not use the existing return service. The town office created a survey that asked residents about preferred departure times. However, the proposal that suggested an extra evening bus has not been approved. Officials will examine the survey results and operating costs before announcing any schedule changes.
6課題
- Who was the shuttle introduced for?
- Museum visitors.
- Students who need textbooks.
- Workers with free parking.
- Residents needing the health center.
- Who reported the busiest stop?
- The drivers.
- The school manager.
- The nurses.
- The librarians.
- Which passengers could not use the return service?
- All residents.
- Those whose appointments ended after four.
- People arriving before noon.
- Only railway staff.
- What did the survey ask?
- Students’ ages.
- The price of the museum.
- Preferred departure times.
- Drivers’ favorite sports.
- 誤文を訂正:The town has already approved another evening bus.
- 和訳:The proposal that suggested an extra evening bus has not been approved.
全文和訳・6課題の正答・解説を表示
【全文和訳】町は医療センターへ行く必要のある住民向けに午後のシャトルバスを導入した。安全講習を受けた運転手は駅近くの停留所が最も混雑すると報告した。予約診療が4時以降に終わる利用者は既存の帰り便を使えなかった。町役場は希望出発時刻を尋ねる調査を実施したが、夕方の追加便を提案する案は未承認だ。担当者は変更発表前に調査結果と運行費用を検討する。
- D:Residents needing the health center.。residents who needed … を修飾。
- A:The drivers.。driversがreported。who節は追加情報。
- B:Those whose appointments ended after four.。whose appointments finished after fourが限定条件。
- C:Preferred departure times.。that asked residents about preferred departure times。
- The town has not approved the proposal for another evening bus.
has not been approvedは承認されていない。
- 夕方の追加便を提案する案はまだ承認されていない。
that suggested…はproposalを修飾し、has not been approvedが述語。
間違い直し:選択肢の人名だけで決めない
登場人物が複数出てきた場合、who節は誰について説明し、主節の動詞は誰が行っているのかを分けましょう。例えば The report that students wrote was checked by a teacher. は「生徒が書いた報告書を教師が確認した」であり、「教師が報告書を書いた」とは異なります。
FAQ
Q. who・whichをすべて日本語に訳してから解くべきですか?
最初から全文を逐語訳する必要はありません。長文の内容一致に必要な人物・行動・条件を特定し、間違えた文だけ丁寧に訳し直す方法が有効です。
Q. whoseは所有物だけを説明しますか?
whoseは人や物と他の名詞の関係を表せます。students whose parents work late の場合は親子関係を示しています。
関連教材
長い英文で主語や修飾語を見失う場合は、先行詞と主節を分けて確認しましょう。慶英会の最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談はこちら。
参考にした主な公式情報
日本英語検定協会|準2級プラス試験内容。英文・設問・全訳・解答は慶英会の独自制作。2026年11月3日確認。

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慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する
