慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検準1級のビジネス・物流の長文では、「配送を早くすること」と「品質・費用・顧客の権利を守ること」は必ずしも一致しません。慶英会独自の低温物流、調達先の分散、通販の返品物流の3長文と4択15問を無料公開します。英文・段落別日本語解説、重要語彙、正解の本文根拠、60〜70語の要約模範3本も収録します。
日本英語検定協会の準1級の試験内容では説明文・評論文などによる長文内容一致が7問、語句空所補充が6問です。ビジネスや社会生活が題材となります。本教材の企業・試行結果・設備はすべて慶英会が独自に作った架空の設定です。公式過去問や実在企業の業務実績ではありません。
結論｜物流分野で読み落としやすい4点
慶英会｜英検準1級の次の無料長文：旅行・観光の独自3長文15問／高齢化・地域福祉の独自3長文15問。本文根拠・段落別日本語解説・60〜70語の英文要約まで、分野を変えて復習してください。
- 食品物流：温度変化・積込み・配送遅延という異なる原因を分け、廃棄量だけで判断しない。
- 部品調達：供給業者を増やす利点と、部品の互換性・安全・研修費を両立して考える。
- 返品物流：返品件数が減っても、顧客満足度が上がった証明には直結しない。
- 推論：could・might・not necessarily・not the only solutionをall・guaranteeなどに変えない。
解き方｜初見英文→15問→根拠→要約
各長文を和訳なしで読んで5問に答えます。正しい選択肢を決めたら、本文でその根拠を確認し、不正解選択肢の誇張・主体の変更を説明してください。最後に60〜70語の英文要約を書き、慶英会の模範例と比較します。掲載した英文と設問は協会の過去問ではありません。
独自長文1｜生鮮食品の低温配送と廃棄を減らす工夫（約252語）
英文・第1段落
In the fictional city of Marshfield, a cooperative supplied fresh vegetables to restaurants and community kitchens. During the summer, some deliveries reached customers later than planned, and the cooperative received complaints about damaged produce. Managers considered buying additional refrigerated vehicles. Before making the investment, however, they asked whether late deliveries, temperature changes, or handling during loading were the main causes of loss. They realized that the total weight of discarded food alone could not reveal where a problem had begun.
英文・第2段落
For a limited trial, the cooperative introduced temperature records at several stages of delivery and noted the time taken to load each vehicle. Drivers could report unexpected delays, while warehouse staff recorded how long boxes remained outside cooled storage. A few restaurants agreed to inspect deliveries immediately and classify damage rather than treating all rejected products as identical. The new records revealed several occasions when loading had taken unusually long, but managers cautioned that a small number of observations did not prove every damaged vegetable had suffered from heat.
英文・第3段落
The cooperative decided to change loading schedules before expanding its fleet. It also planned to monitor food waste, electricity use, transport time, and employee workload together. Some workers questioned whether recording more information would add unpaid tasks, so managers adjusted shift plans. They acknowledged that refrigerated vehicles might still be useful for certain routes, but the trial did not establish that buying more vehicles was the only or best solution. The objective was to protect product quality without moving hidden costs onto employees.
本文内容一致・独自5問
Q1. Why did the managers hesitate to purchase more refrigerated vehicles?
- A. The cooperative had stopped selling vegetables.
- B. They needed to identify different possible causes of product loss.
- C. The vehicles were already free.
- D. Every restaurant had refused deliveries.
Q2. What information did the trial collect?
- A. Only the color of each delivery vehicle.
- B. The names of every customer.
- C. Temperature, loading duration, and reported delays.
- D. Every employee’s private family details.
Q3. What did managers avoid concluding from the new records?
- A. That all damaged food had necessarily been harmed by heat.
- B. That some loading periods were unusually long.
- C. That restaurants sometimes rejected products.
- D. That transport schedules could change.
Q4. What employee concern affected the revised plan?
- A. The color of warehouse uniforms.
- B. A guarantee that no work would ever be required.
- C. The cancellation of all routes.
- D. Extra recording tasks might create unpaid work.
Q5. What was the cooperative’s preferred next step?
- A. Abandon all deliveries.
- B. Improve loading procedures and evaluate several outcomes before expanding the fleet.
- C. Buy identical vehicles for every route immediately.
- D. Ignore energy consumption.
段落別の日本語解説
第1段落：架空の都市の共同配送組織は、レストランや地域食堂へ野菜を届けていた。夏に配送遅延や傷みの苦情が出たため冷蔵車の追加購入を検討したが、遅れ・温度変化・積込み作業のどれが損失の原因か先に調べた。廃棄重量の合計だけでは問題の発生場所は分からない。
第2段落：試行では配送の各段階の温度と積込み所要時間を記録した。運転手は遅延を、倉庫担当者は冷蔵庫外に置かれた時間を記録し、一部の取引先は傷みの種類も確認した。積込み時間が異常に長い例があったが、少数の観測で野菜の傷みが全て熱のせいだとは証明できない。
第3段落：組織は車両を増やす前に積込み日程を改善し、食品廃棄、電力、配送時間、職員負担をまとめて検証する方針とした。記録作業が無償労働にならないよう勤務時間も調整した。冷蔵車が有用な場合はあるが唯一の解決策だとは言えない。
重要語彙・語法
- cold chain：適切な低温を保つ物流管理
- perishable：傷みやすい
- refrigerated vehicle：冷蔵車
- warehouse：倉庫
- loading：積込み
全5問の正解・本文根拠・詳しい解説
Q1 正解B：They needed to identify different possible causes of product loss.。英文根拠：“asked whether late deliveries, temperature changes, or handling during loading were the main causes”。理由：問題の原因を分けてから投資を考えた。
Q2 正解C：Temperature, loading duration, and reported delays.。英文根拠：“temperature records … time taken to load … unexpected delays”。理由：配送過程を複数指標で調べた。
Q3 正解A：That all damaged food had necessarily been harmed by heat.。英文根拠：“did not prove every damaged vegetable had suffered from heat”。理由：観察の一部を全ての原因に一般化しない。
Q4 正解D：Extra recording tasks might create unpaid work.。英文根拠：“recording more information would add unpaid tasks”。理由：測定に伴う人手と賃金の問題。
Q5 正解B：Improve loading procedures and evaluate several outcomes before expanding the fleet.。英文根拠：“change loading schedules before expanding its fleet … monitor … together”。理由：先に運用を改善して比較する。
英文要約の慶英会独自模範（62語）
A food cooperative investigated damage to vegetables during delivery before purchasing more refrigerated vehicles. It recorded temperatures, delays, and loading times, revealing possible problems but not proving that heat caused every loss. Managers changed loading schedules and planned to compare food waste, transport efficiency, electricity use, and staff workloads. They treated additional vehicles as one possible solution rather than an automatic necessity.
最初は模範を見ずに60〜70語で要約してください。原文の主張、制約、判断を残し、架空の数字や結果を追加しないことがポイントです。
追加・重要表現の和訳3問
追加1：total weight of discarded food alone could not reveal
追加2：did not prove every damaged vegetable had suffered from heat
追加3：without moving hidden costs onto employees
追加3問の模範解答
追加1 解答：廃棄された食品の総重量だけでは分からなかった。
追加2 解答：傷んだ野菜すべてが熱のせいだとは証明しなかった。
追加3 解答：見えにくい費用負担を職員へ押しつけずに。
独自長文2｜部品の調達先を増やすと供給は安定するか（約246語）
英文・第1段落
A fictional manufacturer of public transport equipment relied on a small number of suppliers for certain replacement parts. This arrangement simplified purchasing and allowed technicians to become familiar with a limited range of components. However, when one supplier temporarily stopped production, the company faced delays in maintaining some vehicles. Managers proposed using several additional suppliers so that an interruption at one factory would be less likely to affect the whole operation. They called this approach diversification, although they did not expect it to eliminate every risk.
英文・第2段落
Purchasing staff warned that components from different suppliers might not be identical. Engineers would have to confirm specifications, test compatibility, and train maintenance workers before parts could be substituted safely. Negotiating with additional suppliers also required time, and smaller orders might cost more per item. A proposal based only on the number of available companies could therefore overlook the quality and expense of their products. The manufacturer chose to test a few alternative components before signing long-term contracts.
英文・第3段落
After the tests, one alternative component performed satisfactorily while another needed further modification. The company then revised its purchasing plan to include evidence about safety, delivery times, and total operating costs. It also agreed to retain some spare parts locally for particularly important repairs. Managers said the purpose was to reduce dependence on a single source, not to guarantee uninterrupted service. The results showed that a more varied supplier network could improve flexibility, but only when the parts and contracts remained reliable.
本文内容一致・独自5問
Q6. What difficulty prompted the proposal to diversify suppliers?
- A. A supplier’s production interruption delayed some maintenance.
- B. Every supplier had offered the same price.
- C. The manufacturer refused to repair vehicles.
- D. The company had an unlimited stock of parts.
Q7. What potential disadvantage of diversification did staff identify?
- A. It would eliminate any need for safety tests.
- B. Different parts might need compatibility tests and training.
- C. It guaranteed lower unit prices.
- D. All replacement parts were identical.
Q8. What did the company do before long-term agreements?
- A. Permanently close its workshop.
- B. Buy all available parts without checking them.
- C. Test selected alternative components.
- D. Replace every employee immediately.
Q9. What did testing reveal?
- A. Every alternative was unsafe.
- B. No component was available.
- C. Every part worked perfectly.
- D. One alternative worked while another needed modification.
Q10. What was the intended benefit of the revised purchasing approach?
- A. Reduced dependence on a single supplier without promising zero disruptions.
- B. Guaranteed operation in every situation.
- C. Elimination of all local spare parts.
- D. A decision based only on supplier count.
段落別の日本語解説
第1段落：架空の公共交通機器メーカーは特定の交換部品を少数の業者から調達していた。購入手続きや整備が単純になる利点がある反面、一社の工場が停止すると一部車両の整備が遅れた。供給の途絶が全体に及ぶ可能性を減らすため調達先の分散を提案したが、すべてのリスクが消えるとは考えていない。
第2段落：別の業者の部品は仕様が同じとは限らず、安全性・互換性の検証と整備員の研修が必要だった。交渉には時間がかかり、小口発注は割高になる可能性もある。業者の数だけでは品質や総費用は分からないため、長期契約の前に代替部品を試験した。
第3段落：試験では一つの代替部品は十分機能し、別の部品には改修が必要と判明した。調達計画に安全・納期・総費用を反映し、重要な修理用の予備部品も地域で備蓄した。狙いは一社への依存を減らすことで、全ての運休をなくす保証ではない。
重要語彙・語法
- supplier：供給業者
- diversification：分散化
- compatibility：互換性
- specification：仕様
- spare part：予備部品
全5問の正解・本文根拠・詳しい解説
Q6 正解A：A supplier’s production interruption delayed some maintenance.。英文根拠：“when one supplier temporarily stopped production … delays in maintaining”。理由：特定業者への依存が問題になった。
Q7 正解B：Different parts might need compatibility tests and training.。英文根拠：“confirm specifications, test compatibility, and train maintenance workers”。理由：新規業者の部品を安全に使う準備が必要。
Q8 正解C：Test selected alternative components.。英文根拠：“test a few alternative components before signing long-term contracts”。理由：先に部品の実用性を確認した。
Q9 正解D：One alternative worked while another needed modification.。英文根拠：“one alternative component performed satisfactorily while another needed further modification”。理由：成果は候補により異なった。
Q10 正解A：Reduced dependence on a single supplier without promising zero disruptions.。英文根拠：“reduce dependence on a single source, not … uninterrupted service”。理由：リスク減少と保証の違い。
英文要約の慶英会独自模範（60語）
A transport-equipment manufacturer considered diversifying suppliers after a production stoppage delayed repairs. Additional sources could reduce dependence on one factory, but parts might require compatibility testing, worker training, and higher purchasing costs. Trials showed different results for alternative components. The company adopted a cautious plan involving safety, delivery times, and local spare parts, without guaranteeing that all disruptions would disappear.
最初は模範を見ずに60〜70語で要約してください。原文の主張、制約、判断を残し、架空の数字や結果を追加しないことがポイントです。
追加・重要表現の和訳3問
追加4：less likely to affect the whole operation
追加5：could therefore overlook the quality and expense
追加6：not to guarantee uninterrupted service
追加3問の模範解答
追加4 解答：事業全体へ影響する可能性が低くなる。
追加5 解答：品質と費用を見落とす可能性がある。
追加6 解答：途切れないサービスを保証するためではない。
独自長文3｜オンライン通販の返品と逆物流（約245語）
英文・第1段落
A fictional online retailer noticed that the number of products returned by customers had increased. Managers initially treated all returns as evidence that shoppers were dissatisfied, but employees identified several different reasons. Some goods were damaged, others had been ordered in the wrong size, and a few customers simply changed their minds. The retailer wanted to improve product descriptions and packaging, yet it first needed to understand which problems were most common. It also examined whether collecting detailed return information would create additional work for warehouse employees.
英文・第2段落
To organize its response, the company introduced a system for sorting returned goods into categories. Items that were safe and in good condition could sometimes be sold again, while damaged products required further inspection. Staff tested clearer sizing information and more accurate photographs on several product pages. However, the managers avoided claiming that a reduction in returns automatically meant that customer satisfaction had risen. The number of orders, the products sold, and customers’ ability to return unwanted items could all influence return statistics.
英文・第3段落
The retailer also considered the environmental effects of transporting products back to warehouses. It investigated whether selected goods could be collected at local sites, but acknowledged that such collection would require suitable storage and trained staff. The company planned to compare transportation, product quality, customer rights, and worker time before expanding any new arrangement. It concluded that managing returns responsibly meant improving decisions across the whole process rather than simply making refunds harder to request.
本文内容一致・独自5問
Q11. Why did managers change their interpretation of returns?
- A. They had discovered no goods were sold.
- B. All returns were fraudulent.
- C. Returns arose for different reasons, not only dissatisfaction.
- D. The retailer had stopped offering refunds.
Q12. What was the purpose of sorting returned products?
- A. To distinguish items suitable for resale from those needing inspection.
- B. To make all products impossible to return.
- C. To replace every warehouse with a shop.
- D. To guarantee that damaged goods were safe.
Q13. Why might fewer returns fail to prove higher satisfaction?
- A. The retailer had no sales records.
- B. Order mix and return accessibility could affect statistics.
- C. Every customer had changed their mind.
- D. The number of orders could not change.
Q14. What limitation applied to local collection sites?
- A. They required no employees.
- B. They were the only legal return method.
- C. The retailer had already opened them everywhere.
- D. They needed storage facilities and trained staff.
Q15. What broader principle did the retailer adopt?
- A. Make refunds difficult regardless of customer rights.
- B. Ignore environmental transportation effects.
- C. Balance consumer rights, transport, product quality, and workers’ time.
- D. Count returns without examining causes.
段落別の日本語解説
第1段落：架空の通販会社では返品が増え、経営者は当初顧客満足度の低下だけが原因と考えた。しかし破損、サイズ間違い、気持ちの変化など理由は複数あったため、説明文と梱包の改善の前に問題の内訳を調べた。返品データの記録が倉庫担当者へ新たな負担を生まないかも検討した。
第2段落：返品を安全に再販売できる物や追加点検が必要な物などに分け、商品サイズ情報や画像の改善を試した。しかし返品が減っただけで満足度が向上したとは断定できない。注文総数、商品構成、返品のしやすさも返品率へ影響するからだ。
第3段落：返送時の輸送による環境影響も検討し、一部地域での受取拠点を考えたが、保管場所と訓練を受けた人員が必要だった。輸送、品質、消費者の権利、職員の負担を比較し、返品を申請しにくくするのではなく全体の仕組みを改善する方針とした。
重要語彙・語法
- reverse logistics：返品・回収など逆方向の物流
- refund：返金
- warehouse：倉庫
- product description：商品説明
- return rate：返品率
全5問の正解・本文根拠・詳しい解説
Q11 正解C：Returns arose for different reasons, not only dissatisfaction.。英文根拠：“damaged … wrong size … changed their minds”。理由：返品の原因は一つではない。
Q12 正解A：To distinguish items suitable for resale from those needing inspection.。英文根拠：“safe … could sometimes be sold again … damaged … inspection”。理由：安全な再販売と追加検査を区別。
Q13 正解B：Order mix and return accessibility could affect statistics.。英文根拠：“number of orders … products sold … ability to return … influence”。理由：統計には複数の要因がある。
Q14 正解D：They needed storage facilities and trained staff.。英文根拠：“require suitable storage and trained staff”。理由：逆物流にも運用条件・費用が伴う。
Q15 正解C：Balance consumer rights, transport, product quality, and workers’ time.。英文根拠：“compare transportation, product quality, customer rights, and worker time”。理由：複数の関係者・指標を同時に評価する。
英文要約の慶英会独自模範（61語）
An online retailer examined rising product returns rather than assuming all customers were dissatisfied. It identified different reasons for returns and tested better descriptions and product checks. Managers warned that falling return numbers would not automatically prove higher satisfaction. Before changing collection arrangements, they planned to consider environmental transportation costs, consumer rights, product quality, and staff workloads across the full process.
最初は模範を見ずに60〜70語で要約してください。原文の主張、制約、判断を残し、架空の数字や結果を追加しないことがポイントです。
追加・重要表現の和訳3問
追加7：rather than treating all returns as evidence
追加8：did not automatically mean that customer satisfaction had risen
追加9：rather than simply making refunds harder to request
追加3問の模範解答
追加7 解答：返品全てを証拠とみなすのではなく。
追加8 解答：顧客満足が上がったことを自動的に意味しなかった。
追加9 解答：返金申請を単に難しくするのではなく。
分野別の復習ポイント
- 低温物流：損失の原因と、それを測る指標を分ける。記録作業の負担も考慮する。
- 調達先の分散：業者数と互換性・供給の信頼性は同じものではない。
- 返品物流：返品を減らすことと、返品しにくくすることを混同しない。
7日間の復習計画
- 1日目：長文3題・15問を解く。
- 2日目：低温物流の温度・時間・品質の違いを説明する。
- 3日目：調達先の分散の利点・負担を比較する。
- 4日目：返品物流で複数の原因・指標を整理する。
- 5日目：追加9問を正確に訳す。
- 6日目：3篇の要約を各60〜70語で書く。
- 7日目：公式過去問のビジネス長文へ応用する。
よくある質問
物流について専門知識がなくても読解できますか？
本文中に示された条件と証拠を根拠に判断するのが基本です。専門的な語彙は文脈の説明・対比を利用してください。
この教材の会社や調査結果は実在しますか？
いいえ。独自の架空設定で、実在企業の配送成績・費用・効果を示す資料ではありません。
準1級英文要約の指定語数は？
英検協会の2025年度以降の要約指示文では準1級は60〜70語です。記事の模範も語数を確認し、原文にない断定を足していません。
この15問で準1級の合否やCSEスコアを判断できますか？
できません。準1級公式の内容一致7問とは設問数・難度・採点方式が異なる慶英会独自の問題です。
関連教材と慶英会の学習相談
経済・ビジネスの独自長文3題15問／食料・農業の独自長文3題15問／条件と結論を読む40問／英検準1級の無料教材一覧。
慶英会では学校英語と英検準1級の社会的な長文をつなぎ、語彙・構文・要約まで個別に学習を支援します。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談はこちら。
参考にした主な公式情報
公式情報確認：2026年10月28日。英文3篇・独自15問・追加9問・模範要約3本と解答は慶英会の独自制作であり、架空の事例を利用しています。
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する