英検2級estimate・quotation・invoice・receiptの違い｜見積・請求・領収を読む独自4長文40問【全訳】

estimate・quotation・invoice・receiptの違い

書類の典型的な流れ：見積の依頼→見積提示→条件の受諾・発注→請求→支払→領収。ただし実際の順序や前金の有無は取引条件によって変わるため、本文の具体的な記述が優先です。

英検2級の公式試験内容では、長文内容一致8問（Eメール・説明文）が出題されます。ここでは取引・支払に関する読解を独自40問で補強します。英検協会の2級試験内容

独自長文1｜学校の展示パネル｜estimateとfinal invoice

Subject: Cost Estimate for the School Exhibition Dear school committee, Thank you for asking us to produce ten display panels. Our preliminary estimate is 48,000 yen, including printing and basic delivery. This estimate is based on the current design, but the final amount could change if the committee requests thicker materials or additional editing. We can provide a fixed quotation after you approve the final artwork and tell us which material you prefer. A quotation is an offer of specified work at a stated price under its terms. The current estimate is not the final quotation and should not be treated as an invoice. The school has not yet placed an order. If the committee accepts our quotation, we will issue an order confirmation and start production. We will send the invoice after the panels have been produced, with payment due within fourteen days of the invoice date. Please do not transfer the estimated amount now. We have not requested payment, and a bank-transfer record would not prove that the panels have been completed. Display Printing Team

内容一致・料金計算10問

問1｜What has the school committee asked the company to produce?

1. Ten display panels
2. Ten science kits
3. A library newsletter
4. A transport timetable

問2｜What is the preliminary estimated cost?

1. 14,000 yen
2. 40,000 yen
3. 48,000 yen
4. 80,000 yen

問3｜What could cause the final amount to change?

1. The number of school holidays
2. Thicker materials or additional editing
3. The date of a science examination
4. The school library’s opening hours

問4｜When can the firm provide a fixed quotation?

1. Before the customer decides anything
2. Only after receiving payment
3. When an exhibition visitor arrives
4. After final artwork and material are approved

問5｜What is the status of the current estimate?

1. It is not a final quotation or invoice
2. It is a payment receipt
3. It confirms that an order was placed
4. It proves the panels were delivered

問6｜Has the school placed an order yet?

1. Yes, ten panels were delivered
2. Yes, the invoice has been paid
3. No, not yet
4. No, because the firm refuses all school work

問7｜What happens after the committee accepts the quotation?

1. The price becomes unrelated to the work
2. An order confirmation is issued and production begins
3. The payment becomes automatically overdue
4. The company cancels the exhibition

問8｜When will the invoice be sent?

1. Before the estimate
2. Only after the school year ends
3. When the committee requests information
4. After the panels have been produced

問9｜How much time will the school have to pay after the invoice date?

1. Fourteen days
2. Seven hours
3. Three months
4. One year

問10｜Why should the school not transfer 48,000 yen now?

1. The printing firm has already closed
2. The panels cost nothing
3. Payment has not been requested
4. The display panels have all been shipped

独自長文2｜地域科学講座の費用｜quotation・deposit・balance

Workshop Equipment: Quotation and Payment Terms A community science center needs six microscopes for its weekend program. Supplier A offers a quotation of 72,000 yen for the six microscopes, valid until July 20. This quotation includes delivery but not optional storage cases. Supplier B gives an estimate of approximately 68,000 yen, with the final price dependent on availability. The center cannot assume that Supplier B’s final charge will be lower. On July 18, the center accepts Supplier A’s quotation. Under the agreed terms, the center must pay a deposit of 18,000 yen before the goods are dispatched. The remaining balance is 54,000 yen, payable within ten days of receiving the microscopes. The supplier sends a deposit invoice first. The center transfers 18,000 yen and receives a receipt confirming that this deposit has been paid. The receipt does not mean the entire 72,000 yen bill is settled. A separate invoice for the outstanding balance will follow delivery. The supplier expects to dispatch the microscopes on July 22. Dispatch is not the same as delivery, so the center should not calculate the balance deadline from July 22 unless the goods arrive that day. Science Center Treasurer

内容一致・料金計算10問

問11｜How many microscopes does the center need?

1. Four
2. Six
3. Ten
4. Eighteen

問12｜What is Supplier A’s quoted price?

1. 68,000 yen
2. 18,000 yen
3. 72,000 yen
4. 54,000 yen

問13｜Until when is Supplier A’s quotation valid?

1. July 18
2. July 22
3. August 20
4. July 20

問14｜What is NOT included in Supplier A’s quoted price?

1. Optional storage cases
2. Delivery
3. Six microscopes
4. Basic equipment supplied under the quotation

問15｜Why can the center not be certain Supplier B will cost less?

1. Supplier B has already delivered
2. Supplier B’s final price depends on availability
3. Supplier A’s quote has no date
4. Storage cases are included in all quotes

問16｜When did the center accept Supplier A’s quotation?

1. July 20
2. July 22
3. July 18
4. July 28

問17｜How much deposit must the center pay before dispatch?

1. 72,000 yen
2. 54,000 yen
3. 68,000 yen
4. 18,000 yen

問18｜What is the remaining balance?

1. 54,000 yen
2. 18,000 yen
3. 72,000 yen
4. 90,000 yen

問19｜What does the deposit receipt confirm?

1. The full invoice is paid
2. The 18,000-yen deposit was paid
3. All microscopes were delivered
4. Every storage case is included

問20｜Which date starts the ten-day balance payment period?

1. July 18
2. The quotation deadline
3. The day the center receives the goods
4. The expected dispatch date in all cases

独自長文3｜図書館修理費の請求｜invoice・receipt・credit note

Library Repair: Understanding the Final Bill A town library arranged repairs to twelve damaged chairs. The workshop’s quotation was 36,000 yen for the agreed repairs. After starting the work, the staff discovered that two chairs were beyond safe repair. The library and workshop agreed not to charge for repairs that had not been performed on those two chairs. The workshop issued an invoice of 36,000 yen before applying the adjustment. It then sent a credit note for 6,000 yen to reduce that invoice. The corrected amount payable was therefore 30,000 yen. A credit note reduces an amount owed; it is not, by itself, proof that a cash refund has already been transferred. The library paid the corrected 30,000 yen by bank transfer on November 5. The workshop then issued a receipt showing the payment date and amount. The invoice requested payment, while the receipt provided evidence of payment received. The two unsafe chairs were returned to the library with a recommendation that they not be used. Their replacement was not included in the repair quotation, so the library would need a new estimate if it wanted to buy new chairs. Library Facilities Office

内容一致・料金計算10問

問21｜How many chairs did the library arrange to repair?

1. Two
2. Ten
3. Twelve
4. Thirty

問22｜What was the workshop’s original quotation?

1. 36,000 yen
2. 30,000 yen
3. 6,000 yen
4. 12,000 yen

問23｜How many chairs could not be repaired safely?

1. Twelve
2. Ten
3. Six
4. Two

問24｜What was the amount of the credit note?

1. 30,000 yen
2. 6,000 yen
3. 36,000 yen
4. 12,000 yen

問25｜What was the corrected amount payable?

1. 36,000 yen
2. 6,000 yen
3. 30,000 yen
4. 42,000 yen

問26｜What does the credit note do here?

1. It reduces the amount owed
2. It proves a cash refund was made immediately
3. It means all chairs were replaced
4. It starts a new school year

問27｜When did the library pay?

1. November 12
2. November 1
3. October 5
4. November 5

問28｜What document provided evidence that payment had been received?

1. The original quotation
2. The receipt
3. The initial invoice
4. The repair estimate

問29｜What happened to the two unsafe chairs?

1. They were sold as safe repaired chairs
2. They were placed in a classroom immediately
3. They were returned with advice not to use them
4. They were replaced for free under the same quote

問30｜What would the library need to purchase replacement chairs?

1. A new estimate
2. Another payment receipt for the old chairs
3. The same original repair quotation
4. Only an emailed student ID

独自長文4｜学校新聞の印刷注文｜purchase order・invoice・receiptの順序

Printing the School Newspaper The student newspaper team asked a printing company for prices for 500 copies of its special edition. The company issued a quotation of 25,000 yen for black-and-white printing, excluding any changes to the artwork after approval. The quotation was valid for ten days. The school accepted the quotation and sent a purchase order, which formally listed the number of copies, agreed price, delivery address, and requested date. Sending a purchase order was the school’s way of placing the order under the agreed terms. The printer then sent an order confirmation. The newspapers were delivered on February 14. Staff checked the number of copies and reported that ten copies had damaged covers. The printer agreed to provide ten replacement copies without an additional charge. It sent an invoice for the original agreed total of 25,000 yen; the replacements did not add to the amount due. The school paid on February 20 and received a receipt that day. The receipt recorded that payment had been received, not that the newspaper team had won a competition. The newspaper committee stored the purchase order, invoice, and receipt together so it could check the transaction later. School Newspaper Team

内容一致・料金計算10問

問31｜How many newspapers were ordered?

1. 25
2. 50
3. 500
4. 10

問32｜What was the quoted printing price?

1. 25,000 yen
2. 50,000 yen
3. 20,000 yen
4. 500 yen

問33｜How long was the quotation valid?

1. One day
2. Fourteen days
3. One month
4. Ten days

問34｜What did the school’s purchase order specify?

1. A list of newspaper awards
2. Copies, price, delivery address, and date
3. Only the student’s email addresses
4. The printing company’s annual revenue

問35｜What did the printer send after receiving the purchase order?

1. An event ticket
2. A credit card statement
3. An order confirmation
4. A list of exam results

問36｜When were the newspapers delivered?

1. February 14
2. February 20
3. January 14
4. February 10

問37｜How many copies had damaged covers?

1. Five
2. Twenty
3. Fifty
4. Ten

問38｜What was the additional charge for replacement copies?

1. 25,000 yen
2. Nothing
3. 10,000 yen
4. 500 yen

問39｜When was payment made?

1. February 14
2. February 10
3. February 20
4. March 20

問40｜What did the receipt establish?

1. That the company had received payment
2. That the newspaper won a competition
3. That printing was canceled
4. That no purchase order had been issued

40問の正答一覧

長文1：1A／2C／3B／4D／5A／6C／7B／8D／9A／10C

長文2：11B／12C／13D／14A／15B／16C／17D／18A／19B／20C

長文3：21C／22A／23D／24B／25C／26A／27D／28B／29C／30A

長文4：31C／32A／33D／34B／35C／36A／37D／38B／39C／40A

4つの支払い段階を表で比較

3段階の解き直し

初回は40問を解いて、請求か支払済みかを一つずつ記録します。翌日は数字の単位・支払期限を確認し、72,000−18,000＝54,000円、36,000−6,000＝30,000円などの計算を再確認。7日後は英文を読んで、どの書類が発行済みか、何が未完了かを説明できるか試してください。

FAQ

invoiceが届けば支払った証拠ですか？

いいえ。invoiceは支払を求める請求書です。支払済みの証拠としてreceiptが発行される場合があります。

estimateとquotationは完全に別の意味ですか？

実務で意味が重なることはありますが、本教材の例ではestimateは変更可能な概算、quotationは条件を特定した見積提示です。実際の取引では文書の条件を確認します。

credit noteは必ず現金が戻った意味ですか？

いいえ。請求額や債務の減額を示すことがあり、現金の返金が完了したかは別の確認が必要です。

英検の公式過去問ですか？

いいえ。慶英会が独自に作成した補強教材です。

関連記事

• 英検2級のrefund・return・exchange｜返金と交換40問
• 英検2級のpre-order・backorder・restock｜在庫と発送40問
• 英検2級無料教材一覧

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参照情報

試験形式：英検協会の2級試験内容。英文・価格・団体・設問・解答・全文和訳は慶英会オリジナルです。実際の取引文書を転載したものではありません。