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英検2級pre-order・backorder・out of stock・restock・partial shipmentの違い｜在庫・発送の独自4長文40問【全訳】

編集・運営：慶英会公式ブログ（運営・編集方針）

慶英会塾長のプロフィール写真

慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介

最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談（Web）｜公式LINEで相談｜料金・無料体験の条件

慶英会塾長のプロフィール写真

慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介

最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談（Web）｜公式LINEで相談｜料金・無料体験の条件

英検2級のEメール・説明文では、pre-order（予約注文）、backorder（注文受付済み・入荷待ち）、out of stock（品切れ）、restock（再入荷）、partial shipment（分割発送）を区別して読む必要があります。発売予定・倉庫への入荷・発送済み・顧客への配達は異なる出来事です。「estimated」と「guaranteed」を同じように訳すと内容一致の誤答につながります。

慶英会による無料オリジナル教材4長文40問です。書店・学校備品・ロボット部・制服を題材とした英文、4択、根拠付き正答、全文和訳を掲載します。架空の注文例であり、英検協会の過去問や実在の販売店からの通知ではありません。

pre-order・backorder・out of stock・restock・partial shipmentの違い

表現中心的な意味判断の手掛かり
pre-order発売・提供開始前の予約注文まだ発売されていない新商品
backorder在庫不足でも受け付けられた注文商品は販売中だが現時点で発送できない
out of stock品切れ・在庫なし即時発送できない
restock在庫が補充される・再入荷する倉庫の再入荷は顧客への配達と別
partial shipment注文品の一部を先に発送する発送回数・残りの注文品を確認する
dispatch / deliver発送する／届ける発送済みでも到着済みとは限らない

英検協会の英検2級公式試験内容には長文内容一致8問（Eメール・説明文）が含まれます。この教材は本番の問題数を再現する模試ではなく、注文・配送の文脈を集中的に学ぶ追加練習です。

独自長文1｜新刊の予約注文｜pre-orderと発売日の違い

注文数、在庫数、入荷予定、発送済み、配達保証の有無を分けて読みましょう。

Subject: Your Pre-order for the New Science Atlas Dear customer, Thank you for placing a pre-order for the new Science Atlas on May 3. The book is scheduled for release on June 10. A pre-order allows you to request a copy before the book becomes available for general sale; it does not mean that a copy has already been shipped. Our publisher originally expected the books to arrive at our store on June 8. However, a printing delay means that our first delivery is now expected on June 13. We plan to begin shipping customer orders after the books arrive and are checked. The revised arrival date is an estimate, not a promise that every customer will receive a book on June 13. Your pre-order is still active, and you do not need to place it again. If you need the atlas before June 15 for a school project, we recommend choosing a different resource because we cannot guarantee delivery in time. You may cancel your pre-order without a fee until it has been dispatched. Once dispatch is confirmed, the ordinary return policy applies. Please note that the digital sample chapter is already available to read online, but it is not the complete book. Customer Service, River Bookshop

独自内容一致10問

問1｜When did the customer place the pre-order?

  1. May 3
  2. June 8
  3. June 10
  4. June 13
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：May 3

on May 3。

問2｜When is the book scheduled for release?

  1. May 3
  2. June 8
  3. June 10
  4. June 15
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：June 10

scheduled for release on June 10。発売と書店到着は別。

問3｜What does the pre-order NOT mean?

  1. The customer requested a book
  2. The book has already been shipped
  3. The book is not yet available for general sale
  4. The order can remain active
正答・本文根拠

正答 B：The book has already been shipped

does not mean … already been shipped。

問4｜What caused the change to the store’s expected arrival date?

  1. A change in book size
  2. A staff holiday
  3. An online payment error
  4. A printing delay
正答・本文根拠

正答 D：A printing delay

a printing delay。

問5｜What is the store’s revised expected arrival date?

  1. June 13
  2. June 8
  3. June 15
  4. June 10
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：June 13

first delivery … expected on June 13。

問6｜What happens before shipping begins?

  1. Customers must place the same pre-order again
  2. The store must close for a month
  3. The store receives and checks the books
  4. The digital sample is removed
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：The store receives and checks the books

after books arrive and are checked。

問7｜Is arrival at every customer’s home by June 13 guaranteed?

  1. Yes, because the release is June 10
  2. No, June 13 is an estimated store arrival date
  3. Yes, because the customer paid early
  4. No, because all orders have been canceled
正答・本文根拠

正答 B：No, June 13 is an estimated store arrival date

date estimate, not promise every customer receives on June 13。

問8｜What does the shop suggest if the book is needed before June 15?

  1. Waiting without checking
  2. Ordering the same item twice
  3. Visiting the publisher without contacting the store
  4. Using another resource
正答・本文根拠

正答 D：Using another resource

recommend choosing a different resource。

問9｜Until when may the customer cancel without a fee?

  1. Until dispatch
  2. Only until May 3
  3. Until after opening the book
  4. Only after a refund request is refused
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：Until dispatch

until it has been dispatched。

問10｜What is available online now?

  1. The complete printed atlas
  2. Every teacher’s lesson plans
  3. A digital sample chapter
  4. A guaranteed delivery ticket
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：A digital sample chapter

digital sample chapter available; not complete book。

長文1の全文和訳

件名：新刊『科学アトラス』の予約注文。5月3日の予約注文を受け付けました。発売予定は6月10日です。予約注文は一般販売の前に1冊を希望できる手続きで、発送済みを意味しません。出版社からの入荷予定は6月8日でしたが、印刷遅延により初回入荷見込みは6月13日に変わりました。書店は入荷と検品後に発送を始める予定で、6月13日は見込みであり同日までの全員への到着保証ではありません。予約は有効なので再注文は不要です。6月15日より前に学校の課題で必要な人には別教材をすすめています。発送前なら手数料なしでキャンセル可能で、発送確定後は通常の返品規則が適用されます。電子版の試し読み1章はオンライン公開済みですが、全巻ではありません。

独自長文2｜教材セットの分割発送｜backorderとpartial shipment

注文数、在庫数、入荷予定、発送済み、配達保証の有無を分けて読みましょう。

Subject: An Update on Your Laboratory Kit Order Hello Ms. Hayashi, Your school ordered four laboratory kits. Our warehouse has three kits ready to ship, but the fourth is on backorder. This means we have accepted the order for that kit even though it is temporarily unavailable in our warehouse. We can send the three available kits this Thursday and the remaining kit later. This is called a partial shipment. We will not charge a second shipping fee for the later package. If the school prefers a single delivery, we can hold all four kits until the final one is available. The missing kit is expected to be restocked around October 6. This is an estimated warehouse date, and delivery to your school would occur after the kit is received and shipped. We cannot guarantee the final package will reach you before October 10. Please reply by Tuesday at noon to tell us whether you want a partial shipment or one complete shipment. If you do not reply, we will hold the order rather than automatically send the first three kits. The invoice already sent covers all four kits, so please do not pay it a second time. School Equipment Office

独自内容一致10問

問11｜How many laboratory kits did the school order?

  1. Three
  2. One
  3. Six
  4. Four
正答・本文根拠

正答 D：Four

ordered four laboratory kits。

問12｜How many kits are ready to ship now?

  1. Three
  2. Four
  3. One
  4. Two
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：Three

warehouse has three kits ready。

問13｜What does backorder mean in this notice?

  1. An order was canceled forever
  2. An order for an unavailable item was accepted
  3. An extra shipping fee must be paid
  4. The school ordered a different product
正答・本文根拠

正答 B：An order for an unavailable item was accepted

accepted order though temporarily unavailable。

問14｜What is a partial shipment in this case?

  1. Paying half of the invoice
  2. Receiving all four kits immediately
  3. Receiving three kits first and one later
  4. Returning three kits to the warehouse
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：Receiving three kits first and one later

send three available kits … remaining later。

問15｜Will the school pay a second shipping fee for the later package?

  1. Yes, at twice the usual rate
  2. Yes, if the kit arrives in October
  3. Only if it uses a tracking number
  4. No, an additional fee will not be charged
正答・本文根拠

正答 D：No, an additional fee will not be charged

will not charge a second shipping fee。

問16｜What can the school request instead of two deliveries?

  1. One complete shipment after all four kits are available
  2. Permanent cancellation without discussion
  3. Only the fourth kit, with no others
  4. Four different suppliers
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：One complete shipment after all four kits are available

hold all four until final one available。

問17｜What does October 6 represent?

  1. A guaranteed date at the school
  2. An estimated warehouse restock date
  3. The payment deadline
  4. The start of a science festival
正答・本文根拠

正答 B：An estimated warehouse restock date

expected to be restocked around October 6 at warehouse。

問18｜Why is arrival before October 10 uncertain?

  1. The school has not ordered enough kits
  2. All kits have been discontinued
  3. Warehouse restock precedes shipping and school delivery
  4. The invoice was for only one kit
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：Warehouse restock precedes shipping and school delivery

delivery occurs after received and shipped; cannot guarantee Oct10。

問19｜What happens if the school does not reply by Tuesday noon?

  1. Three kits are sent automatically
  2. The school must order again
  3. The invoice is doubled
  4. The order is held
正答・本文根拠

正答 D：The order is held

If you do not reply, we will hold order。

問20｜What does the existing invoice cover?

  1. All four kits
  2. Only the available three kits
  3. Only shipping costs
  4. Only the backordered kit
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：All four kits

invoice already sent covers all four kits。

長文2の全文和訳

件名：実験キット注文の進捗。学校は実験キットを4セット注文しました。倉庫には発送できる3セットがありますが、残る1セットはbackorder（在庫不足でも注文受領済みの取り寄せ待ち）です。3セットを木曜に送り残りを後日送る分割発送が可能で、後の荷物に追加配送料はかかりません。一括配送希望なら4セットがそろうまで保留できます。最後の1セットは10月6日ごろに再入荷見込みですが、それは倉庫到着の推定日で学校への配達はさらに後となり、10月10日までの到着は保証できません。火曜日正午までに分割か一括かを返信してください。返事がなければ最初の3セットも自動発送せず保留します。既送付の請求書は4セット分なので二重に支払う必要はありません。

独自長文3｜ロボット部品の在庫通知｜out of stock・restock・waitlist

注文数、在庫数、入荷予定、発送済み、配達保証の有無を分けて読みましょう。

Robotics Club Parts: Stock Information The robotics club needs six small motors for a project. Last week, an online shop showed that four motors were in stock and two were out of stock. The club ordered the four available motors, which were dispatched on Monday. The club also joined a waiting list to receive an email when additional motors became available. A waiting-list registration is not a purchase. When the shop later restocks the product, subscribers will receive a notice, but motors will not be reserved for them automatically. Customers must place a new order while stock is available. On Wednesday, the shop sent an alert saying that twenty motors had arrived at its warehouse. The message also said that stock information could change quickly and that the club should check the website before paying. When the club visited the website on Thursday morning, only one motor remained. The club ordered that motor, leaving one more motor still needed for the project. The club’s teacher decided to adjust the first prototype so it could operate with five motors. Students will not buy a more expensive motor without checking whether its specifications are suitable. The final design has not yet been approved.

独自内容一致10問

問21｜How many motors does the club need for its project?

  1. Four
  2. Six
  3. Twenty
  4. Five
正答・本文根拠

正答 B：Six

needs six small motors。

問22｜How many motors were initially in stock?

  1. Four
  2. Two
  3. Six
  4. Twenty
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：Four

four motors were in stock。

問23｜When were the first four motors dispatched?

  1. Thursday morning
  2. Wednesday
  3. Friday
  4. Monday
正答・本文根拠

正答 D：Monday

dispatched on Monday。

問24｜What does joining the waiting list accomplish?

  1. It guarantees the next motor
  2. It purchases two motors immediately
  3. It provides an alert when stock returns
  4. It cancels the original four-motor order
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：It provides an alert when stock returns

joined waiting list to receive an email when additional … available。

問25｜Does the waiting list reserve motors automatically?

  1. No, customers must order them separately
  2. Yes, the shop automatically charges every subscriber
  3. Yes, the first six are guaranteed
  4. Only for customers who buy twenty motors
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：No, customers must order them separately

motors will not be reserved … automatically。

問26｜How many motors arrived at the warehouse on Wednesday?

  1. One
  2. Twenty
  3. Four
  4. Six
正答・本文根拠

正答 B：Twenty

twenty motors had arrived。

問27｜How many remained on the website on Thursday morning?

  1. Twenty
  2. Six
  3. Four
  4. One
正答・本文根拠

正答 D：One

only one motor remained。

問28｜How many motors did the club have ordered after Thursday morning?

  1. Six
  2. Four
  3. Five
  4. Twenty-one
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：Five

initial four + Thursday one = five ordered。

問29｜Why would the club check specifications before buying a different motor?

  1. A more expensive motor might not be suitable
  2. All motors are identical regardless of specifications
  3. Every product is guaranteed to fit
  4. The club already has six suitable motors
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：A more expensive motor might not be suitable

students will not buy … without checking specifications suitable。

問30｜What is the status of the final design?

  1. It was completed last year
  2. It has not yet been approved
  3. It is guaranteed to use six motors
  4. It was canceled permanently
正答・本文根拠

正答 B：It has not yet been approved

final design has not yet been approved。

長文3の全文和訳

ロボット部品の在庫情報。ロボット部は小型モーター6個を必要としています。先週ショップには在庫4個、品切れ2個と表示され、4個を注文して月曜発送となりました。追加入荷の通知を受け取るためキャンセル待ちの通知リストにも登録しましたが、これは購入ではなく、入荷しても自動的な取り置きはありません。在庫があるうちに新しい注文を行う必要があります。水曜に倉庫へ20個入ったと通知されましたが、在庫は急変するため支払い前の確認を求めています。木曜朝に確認すると残り1個だけで、その1個を注文したため計5個確保し、まだ1個不足しています。教員は5個で動く初期試作品に調整すると決めました。高価な代替モーターは仕様確認なしで購入せず、最終設計は未承認です。

独自長文4｜制服注文｜pre-orderとbackorderの区別

注文数、在庫数、入荷予定、発送済み、配達保証の有無を分けて読みましょう。

School Uniform Shop: Order Status and Delivery The school uniform shop will introduce a new sports jacket in September. Families may pre-order it from July 1 even though the jacket is not yet released. Pre-orders for the new model are separate from backorders for the existing winter jacket. The existing jacket is already on sale but temporarily out of stock in some sizes. A parent ordered one new sports jacket in medium and two existing winter jackets in small. The shop expects the new sports jacket to become available in early September. One small winter jacket is currently available, but the second small jacket is on backorder until the next stock delivery, expected in late August. Customers can choose separate shipments or ask the shop to hold the complete order. In a separate shipment, the available winter jacket could be sent next week. The backordered winter jacket may follow after late August, and the new sports jacket cannot be dispatched before its release. Estimated restock and release dates do not guarantee home delivery on those dates. The parent selected a complete shipment because the family did not need the uniforms until mid-September. The shop confirmed the request but warned that the complete order could arrive later if the new model’s release were delayed. No delivery date has been guaranteed. Uniform Order Team

独自内容一致10問

問31｜When can families begin pre-ordering the new sports jacket?

  1. Early September
  2. Late August
  3. July 1
  4. Mid-September
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：July 1

pre-order it from July 1。

問32｜Why is the new sports jacket available for pre-order rather than backorder?

  1. It has not yet been released
  2. It was discontinued last year
  3. All sizes have already been delivered
  4. It is an old item with temporary shortage
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：It has not yet been released

new jacket not yet released; pre-order before release。

問33｜What is backordered in the parent’s purchase?

  1. The new sports jacket in medium
  2. Both new jackets
  3. The currently available winter jacket
  4. One of the existing small winter jackets
正答・本文根拠

正答 D：One of the existing small winter jackets

second small jacket … on backorder。

問34｜How many jackets did the parent order in total?

  1. One
  2. Three
  3. Two
  4. Four
正答・本文根拠

正答 B：Three

one new sports + two existing winter = three。

問35｜How many of the ordered jackets are currently in stock?

  1. One
  2. Two
  3. Three
  4. None
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：One

One small winter jacket is currently available。

問36｜When is the existing winter jacket expected to be restocked?

  1. July 1
  2. Mid-September
  3. Late August
  4. Early July
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：Late August

next stock delivery expected late August。

問37｜Which item cannot be dispatched before its release?

  1. The currently available winter jacket
  2. The backordered winter jacket only
  3. Both existing jackets only
  4. The new sports jacket
正答・本文根拠

正答 D：The new sports jacket

new sports jacket cannot be dispatched before release。

問38｜What did the parent choose for delivery?

  1. Three separate express packages
  2. One complete shipment
  3. Only the first winter jacket
  4. A refund for all items
正答・本文根拠

正答 B：One complete shipment

parent selected a complete shipment。

問39｜Why did the parent choose that delivery option?

  1. The family did not need the uniforms until mid-September
  2. Every jacket was already in stock
  3. The shop could guarantee next-day delivery
  4. The family had not placed an order
正答・本文根拠

正答 A：The family did not need the uniforms until mid-September

because … did not need uniforms until mid-September。

問40｜Is the complete-order delivery date guaranteed?

  1. Yes, it will arrive on July 1
  2. Yes, it will arrive in early September
  3. No, delays are possible and no date is guaranteed
  4. Yes, because the new model is released already
正答・本文根拠

正答 C：No, delays are possible and no date is guaranteed

No delivery date has been guaranteed。

長文4の全文和訳

制服注文の状況。学校の制服店は新しいスポーツジャケットを9月に発売し、7月1日から予約注文を受け付けます。未発売の新モデルの予約注文は、既に販売中だが一部サイズが品切れの従来の冬用ジャケットのbackorderと異なります。保護者は新しいスポーツジャケットのMサイズ1着と、従来型の冬用ジャケットSサイズ2着を注文しました。新スポーツジャケットの発売見込みは9月上旬です。従来型Sサイズは1着が今在庫あり、2着目は8月下旬の再入荷待ちです。分割発送か全品がそろってからの一括発送が選べます。分割なら在庫1着は翌週発送可能、再入荷待ちの1着は8月下旬以降、新商品は発売前には発送できません。再入荷・発売予定日は自宅への到着保証ではありません。保護者は9月中旬まで必要ないため一括発送を希望し、店は受け付けましたが新モデル発売遅延なら到着も遅れる可能性があり、配達日は保証していません。

全40問の正答一覧

長文1（問1〜10）：1A／2C／3B／4D／5A／6C／7B／8D／9A／10C

長文2（問11〜20）：11D／12A／13B／14C／15D／16A／17B／18C／19D／20A

長文3（問21〜30）：21B／22A／23D／24C／25A／26B／27D／28C／29A／30B

長文4（問31〜40）：31C／32A／33D／34B／35A／36C／37D／38B／39A／40C

読解の復習｜注文を5段階に並べ直す

① 注文した（ordered）。② 受け付けられた（accepted）。③ 再入荷・商品の準備ができた（restocked/available）。④ 発送した（dispatched/shipped）。⑤ 顧客に届いた（delivered）。この5段階を、各本文の実際の出来事に当てはめます。expected to be restockedは倉庫での再入荷見込みであり、guaranteed deliveryは顧客への配達保証で、同義ではありません。

初日は40問に挑戦し、次の日は本文の数値と日付を表に整理します。3日後に各長文の「確定していること」「見込み」「決まっていないこと」を日本語で3行にまとめ、7日後に誤答だけを再テストしてください。

FAQ

pre-orderとbackorderは同じですか？

両者とも商品がすぐ手元に届かないことがありますが、pre-orderは発売前の予約、backorderは在庫不足などにより後日対応する注文を表します。英文の発売状況と現在の在庫を確かめましょう。

restock予定日に必ず荷物が届きますか？

いいえ。restockは一般に店や倉庫への在庫補充です。その後に発送・輸送が必要になる場合があります。

waiting listに登録すれば在庫が確保されますか？

必ずしも確保されません。本教材の例では通知を受けるだけで、商品を確保するには新たな注文が必要です。

partial shipmentは追加送料が必ず発生しますか？

いいえ。送料の扱いは各店舗の条件次第です。本教材では追加送料なしの例を扱っています。必ず原文の説明を確認します。

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