英検2級copyright・permission・license・creditの違い｜写真・資料・動画を読む独自4長文40問【全訳】

copyright・permission・licenseの意味と違い

実際の著作物の再利用条件は権利者・利用目的・適用法令によって異なります。本教材では、各架空の案内文に明記された条件に沿って答えます。

英検協会の2級試験内容ではEメール・説明文などの長文内容一致が8問あります。本記事の40問は独自追加練習です。

独自長文1｜学校写真展の応募｜permission・credit・reproduction

The Brookfield School Photography Exhibition invites students to submit original photographs about their neighborhoods. Each entry must include the student’s name, a short description and a statement explaining whether identifiable people appear in the image. The exhibition committee wants to display selected photographs on school walls and may also publish some images on its website. Submitting a photograph allows the committee to review it. Under the exhibition’s fictional rules, it does not automatically give the school permission to publish the photograph online. Students must select a separate website-publication option. If identifiable people appear, the committee requires appropriate documented permission before public display. A student named Hana submitted a picture of a local market. Her entry included the required description but did not include permission for website publication. The committee selected the photograph for an indoor exhibition, subject to the necessary display permissions, but it did not put the picture online. The committee also promised to credit the student whenever an approved photograph was displayed. Crediting the creator acknowledges who made the work, but it is not the same as obtaining permission to reproduce the work. The organizers will review all permissions before announcing the online gallery.

内容一致・利用条件10問

独自長文2｜博物館画像の利用案内｜public domain・license・source

A local history museum provides an online image collection for school research. Some photographs have labels stating that, according to the museum’s review, no known copyright restrictions apply to the image itself. Other photographs are available only under specified licenses, while a third group is restricted pending further rights checks. For an image with a stated license, users must read the conditions carefully. In one fictional example, the museum permits use in a classroom presentation if the creator and source are credited, but it requires separate approval before use in a commercial advertisement. The permission for classroom use does not automatically cover advertising. A teacher finds a photograph of an old river bridge. Its page lists the photographer, date and museum collection number. The photograph may be used for the school’s class presentation under the stated terms. However, a student also wants to print it on products to sell at a festival. The teacher asks the student to contact the museum rather than treating the classroom permission as sufficient. The museum reminds readers that a public website is not automatically a source of unrestricted images. The label, license and purpose of use matter. The museum also distinguishes between an image being viewable online and a user having permission to reproduce it elsewhere.

内容一致・利用条件10問

独自長文3｜研究発表の引用｜quotation・paraphrase・plagiarism

The science club was preparing a presentation about changes in local rainfall. Its teacher encouraged students to use a published weather report, but not to copy long passages and present them as their own writing. The team needed to distinguish quotation, paraphrase and summary. A quotation repeats another source’s wording and should be clearly marked and attributed according to the applicable rules. A paraphrase expresses the original meaning in different words, while a summary selects the main points. Changing just one or two words does not necessarily make copied text an independent paraphrase. Attribution remains important when relying on other people’s ideas or data. For example, the original report said that rainfall was higher in three of five measured months. A student incorrectly wrote that rainfall increased in all five months. The teacher corrected the sentence because it exaggerated the evidence, regardless of whether it was presented as a quotation or paraphrase. The club also had a chart showing the same five monthly measurements. Students were asked to identify where the chart came from, not to make the numbers appear as if they had measured them themselves. The team planned to include a source list and check the accuracy of every claim before presenting.

内容一致・利用条件10問

独自長文4｜学校動画の公開｜recording・consent・withdrawal

The community school planned to record a student art performance for families who could not attend in person. At registration, students could agree to participate in the live event without necessarily agreeing to appear in a publicly available recording. The school therefore collected separate choices for performing and for online publication. On the event day, eighteen students performed. Fifteen had agreed to appear in the public video, while three had agreed only to participate in the performance. The production team would need to edit the recording so that the three students were not identifiable in the public version, or obtain further appropriate permission before including them. The number of performers did not equal the number authorized for publication. The school also wanted to add background music. The teacher explained that permission to film students was separate from rights to use a musical recording. The school decided to use audio for which the necessary rights had been checked, rather than assume that music heard at a school event could be copied freely. The video was scheduled for release on Friday, but the date depended on completing both the edits and permissions review. Staff would not announce that the video was public until it had actually been approved and published.

内容一致・利用条件10問

全40問の正答一覧

長文1：1B／2D／3A／4C／5C／6A／7D／8B／9B／10D

長文2：11C／12A／13D／14B／15A／16C／17C／18A／19B／20D

長文3：21A／22C／23D／24B／25B／26D／27A／28C／29C／30B

長文4：31D／32A／33B／34A／35C／36D／37D／38C／39B／40A

実際の英文で区別する4段階

7日間の復習

初日に40問を解き、2日目はcredit・permission・publishを日本語に直して違いを整理します。3日目はmay / must / does not automatically / only if / subject toを使う文を読み直し、7日目に誤答の根拠を英文から説明してください。

FAQ

creditを書けば写真を自由に使えますか？

必ずしもそうではありません。出典表示と複製の許可は別であり、実際の利用条件を確認します。

公開ウェブサイト上の画像はすべてpublic domainですか？

いいえ。閲覧可能であることと著作権上の制限がないことは異なります。

paraphraseをしたら出典表示は不要ですか？

単なる言い換えが自動的に他人の考え・データの出典表示を不要にするわけではありません。研究や学習では出典を正確に扱います。

これは公式英検問題ですか？

いいえ。慶英会オリジナルの架空教材です。

関連する無料教材

• 一次資料・二次資料・調査を読む40問
• 博物館・複製・文化財の長文40問
• 英検2級無料教材一覧

長文の内容一致や学校英語・英文要約の対策については慶英会の最大1か月無料体験・学習相談をご利用ください。

参考情報

英検協会・2級の公式試験内容。英文・設問・条件・解答・和訳は慶英会独自制作です。