慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検1級語彙第21セット・無料独自42問です。短文4択22問（全88択）、英語言い換え12問、独自長文2篇・内容一致8問を掲載。上級形容詞・抽象名詞の意味と文中の自然な使い方を中心に、語義・模範英語・長文の段落別要点和訳・全解答を確認できます。英検公式過去問ではありません。
英検1級Readingの短文語句空所補充は22問・4択です。日本英語検定協会・1級の試験内容を参照。tenuous evidence、perfunctory inspection、viability of a planなどのまとまりを読解とWritingへ活用しましょう。
英検1級の語彙を定着させる順番
- Q1〜Q22は日本語訳を見ずに解き、全88選択肢の意味を確認。
- Q23〜Q34は自然な上級英語へ言い換え、主語・時制・意味を保持。
- Q35〜Q42は長文から根拠を探し、過度な一般化・理由のすり替えを避ける。
- 一週間後に新しい例文で誤答語句を復習する。
第1部｜上級語彙22問・全88択
Q1. The researchers described the evidence as ___ because the observation period was too short for firm conclusions.
A. tenuous ／ B. unequivocal ／ C. conclusive ／ D. exhaustive
Q2. The consultant warned that the city’s forecast was ___ without a reliable estimate of future repairs.
A. perceptive ／ B. untenable ／ C. impartial ／ D. prudent
Q3. The independent review identified a ___ flaw in the design of the survey: nonusers were excluded.
A. incidental ／ B. negligible ／ C. fundamental ／ D. ceremonial
Q4. The agency promised not to make a ___ assessment based on a single favorable result.
A. rigorous ／ B. impartial ／ C. tentative ／ D. sweeping
Q5. A ___ shortage of engineers had delayed repairs for several years.
A. chronic ／ B. fleeting ／ C. sporadic ／ D. benign
Q6. The project needed a ___ strategy that could adapt as costs and technical conditions changed.
A. dogmatic ／ B. pragmatic ／ C. arbitrary ／ D. inflexible
Q7. The review found a ___ difference between the expected savings and the observed results.
A. trivial ／ B. ceremonial ／ C. substantial ／ D. nominal
Q8. The government’s explanation remained ___ because it failed to say which agency was responsible.
A. lucid ／ B. unequivocal ／ C. comprehensive ／ D. ambiguous
Q9. The minister referred to a serious ___ in the number of completed applications reported by two departments.
A. discrepancy ／ B. consensus ／ C. incentive ／ D. precedent
Q10. The team questioned the financial ___ of expanding the program to remote communities.
A. precedence ／ B. viability ／ C. novelty ／ D. anonymity
Q11. Auditors criticized the ___ inspection that failed to identify faults in the emergency equipment.
A. meticulous ／ B. rigorous ／ C. perfunctory ／ D. thorough
Q12. The committee stated that the proposal had ___ implications for public access and privacy.
A. irrelevant ／ B. negligible ／ C. temporary ／ D. far-reaching
Q13. The agency established a ___ procedure for checking sensitive data before publication.
A. scrupulous ／ B. haphazard ／ C. reckless ／ D. superficial
Q14. Some residents found the terms of the subsidy ___ because the instructions did not distinguish owners from tenants.
A. transparent ／ B. confusing ／ C. explicit ／ D. unambiguous
Q15. A ___ rise in maintenance costs could undermine the benefits of the planned expansion.
A. nominal ／ B. negligible ／ C. sharp ／ D. illusory
Q16. The report stressed that privacy protections must remain ___ even when the system is under pressure.
A. optional ／ B. temporary ／ C. inconclusive ／ D. robust
Q17. There was little ___ for assuming that one successful trial would work in every location.
A. justification ／ B. consolation ／ C. obligation ／ D. retribution
Q18. The policy’s early success was ___ on continued funding and trained staff.
A. immune ／ B. contingent ／ C. hostile ／ D. equivalent
Q19. The researcher described the estimate as ___ because it depended on assumptions not yet verified.
A. definitive ／ B. infallible ／ C. provisional ／ D. permanent
Q20. The institute maintained a ___ record of unsuccessful experiments rather than publishing only favorable ones.
A. selective ／ B. incomplete ／ C. misleading ／ D. comprehensive
Q21. A prolonged service interruption exposed the network’s ___ to a small number of critical components.
A. vulnerability ／ B. resilience ／ C. autonomy ／ D. equivalence
Q22. The review called for more ___ guidelines so applicants could understand how decisions were made.
A. opaque ／ B. intelligible ／ C. arbitrary ／ D. convoluted
第2部｜英語言い換え12問（Q23〜Q34）
同じ意味を保ちつつ自然な英文に書き換えてください。別解も意味が保たれれば成立します。
Q23. The evidence was too weak to support a universal claim.
Q24. The original plan could no longer be defended financially.
Q25. The survey had a basic problem in its design.
Q26. The report drew overly general conclusions.
Q27. The region had faced a staff shortage for many years.
Q28. The organization chose a realistic response.
Q29. The two reports showed an important difference.
Q30. The project might not be financially sustainable.
Q31. The inspection was superficial and careless.
Q32. The reform could affect many different services.
Q33. The reviewers checked the records very carefully.
Q34. The system could be harmed by its reliance on one supplier.
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
塾長の経歴・指導方針
中高一貫校の英語・定期テスト・英検の学習状況を整理し、必要な復習の優先順位を考えたい方は、無料体験・学習相談のご案内をご確認ください。最大1か月完全無料体験の対象・回数・担当講師は、お申し込み時にご案内します。
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第3部｜独自長文2篇・内容一致8問
Passage 1｜海底通信ケーブルの保守と地域のネット接続
Paragraph 1. The fictional island region of Redhaven relied on two undersea cables for most of its digital communications. After one cable suffered an unexpected fault, local businesses complained about slower service and delayed online transactions. Officials proposed installing an additional cable, arguing that more infrastructure would automatically make the region more resilient. An engineering review noted that the project could reduce dependence on individual routes, but it would also require substantial construction expenditure and ongoing maintenance. The original cost estimate was provisional because detailed information about the seabed and repair conditions was incomplete.
Paragraph 2. The engineers recommended examining other options, including better monitoring of the existing cables and emergency agreements with neighboring networks. They also considered how quickly specialist repair vessels could reach the area. A new cable would not eliminate every risk if several routes passed through the same vulnerable location. The council therefore requested a comparison of alternative paths, service restoration times, and realistic maintenance costs rather than a simple count of cable installations.
Paragraph 3. A supervised exercise tested whether essential public services could operate during a simulated outage. Several offices maintained limited communication, but the exercise did not establish that every business could function during an actual prolonged failure. The region adopted a phased investment plan and published understandable information about what remained uncertain. The final recommendation emphasized verified continuity of essential services over impressive infrastructure totals.
Q35. Why was the initial cost estimate provisional?
A. Detailed seabed and maintenance conditions remained uncertain. ／ B. All cable routes had already been inspected. ／ C. No engineering review was conducted. ／ D. The region had no existing communication network.
Q36. Why might adding one cable fail to eliminate all risks?
A. Cables never require repairs. ／ B. Multiple routes could share a vulnerable location. ／ C. Emergency agreements had been banned. ／ D. The region had no businesses needing service.
Q37. What did the council prioritize?
A. The largest number of cable announcements. ／ B. Only the initial installation price. ／ C. Restoration times, route diversity, and continued services. ／ D. Guarantees that outages could never occur.
Q38. What was the final recommendation?
A. Replace every other communication method. ／ B. Measure success by construction length only. ／ C. Ignore the results of emergency exercises. ／ D. Expand based on verified essential-service continuity.
Passage 2｜歴史的な音声記録と地域社会の同意
Paragraph 1. The fictional Eastford Cultural Archive planned to digitize interviews recorded decades earlier with artisans and community leaders. Historians believed the recordings could help students understand how local industries and traditions had changed. After a sample was published, visitor numbers rose rapidly and museum officials considered releasing the entire collection. Archivists warned that several recordings mentioned living individuals or contained knowledge the speakers had not intended for unrestricted public distribution. Possession of a recording did not necessarily confer permission to publish every detail online.
Paragraph 2. A review panel worked with relevant communities and rights holders to determine which materials could be shared. Some interviews were released with explanatory notes and carefully edited identifying information. Others were accessible only under specific research arrangements. The archivists also checked dates and translations, since some expressions had been misunderstood in earlier summaries. They emphasized that accurate context mattered more than an impressive total of available files.
Paragraph 3. After the first year, teachers reported that students enjoyed studying the recordings. Yet the evaluation team refused to treat download numbers as proof of historical understanding. The archive introduced comprehension tasks and a process for correcting descriptions. It also retained opportunities to listen at the museum for users without reliable internet access. The project continued, but the panel concluded that responsible preservation required reliable information, community participation, and respect for individual rights.
Q39. Why was unrestricted publication questioned?
A. All recordings had already been lost. ／ B. Every speaker was anonymous. ／ C. Some recordings contained sensitive information without clear publication consent. ／ D. The museum lacked any historians.
Q40. How did the review panel handle access?
A. It banned all listening permanently. ／ B. It released every recording immediately. ／ C. It ignored the communities represented. ／ D. It used consent and restrictions appropriate to each item.
Q41. What did the archivists prioritize over file totals?
A. Reliable contextual explanations and appropriate rights protection. ／ B. The maximum possible number of downloads. ／ C. Fast publication without reviewing translations. ／ D. Removing all uncertain dates.
Q42. Why were download counts an insufficient outcome measure?
A. They showed exactly how much each student learned. ／ B. They did not demonstrate historical understanding. ／ C. They were collected only at the museum door. ／ D. Teachers had stopped using the collection.
全42問の正解・88択の語義・詳しい解説
短文22問の正答と全選択肢の意味
Q1：A. tenuous — tenuous evidenceは裏付けの弱い証拠。短期観測から断言できない。
A. tenuous＝根拠の弱い ／ B. unequivocal＝明確な ／ C. conclusive＝決定的な ／ D. exhaustive＝網羅的な
Q2：B. untenable — untenable forecast＝合理的に維持できない試算。
A. perceptive＝鋭い ／ B. untenable＝維持・正当化できない ／ C. impartial＝公平な ／ D. prudent＝慎重な
Q3：C. fundamental — fundamental flaw＝調査設計の根本的欠陥。
A. incidental＝付随的な ／ B. negligible＝無視できる ／ C. fundamental＝根本的な ／ D. ceremonial＝儀礼的な
Q4：D. sweeping — sweeping assessmentは限定的結果を広く断定する評価。
A. rigorous＝厳密な ／ B. impartial＝公平な ／ C. tentative＝暫定的な ／ D. sweeping＝過度に一般化した
Q5：A. chronic — chronic shortage＝長期に続く不足。
A. chronic＝慢性的な ／ B. fleeting＝一時的な ／ C. sporadic＝散発的な ／ D. benign＝害のない
Q6：B. pragmatic — pragmatic approach＝実情と制約に合わせる現実的な方法。
A. dogmatic＝独断的な ／ B. pragmatic＝現実的な ／ C. arbitrary＝恣意的な ／ D. inflexible＝柔軟性のない
Q7：C. substantial — substantial difference＝実質的に大きな差。
A. trivial＝取るに足らない ／ B. ceremonial＝形式的な ／ C. substantial＝相当な ／ D. nominal＝名目上の
Q8：D. ambiguous — 責任の所在が示されない説明は曖昧なままである。
A. lucid＝明快な ／ B. unequivocal＝疑いのない ／ C. comprehensive＝包括的な ／ D. ambiguous＝曖昧な
Q9：A. discrepancy — discrepancy between figures＝計算や記録の不一致。
A. discrepancy＝不一致 ／ B. consensus＝合意 ／ C. incentive＝誘因 ／ D. precedent＝先例
Q10：B. viability — financial viability＝費用を賄って継続可能か。
A. precedence＝優先順位 ／ B. viability＝実行・存続可能性 ／ C. novelty＝新規性 ／ D. anonymity＝匿名性
Q11：C. perfunctory — perfunctory inspection＝形式的で不十分な検査。
A. meticulous＝細心の ／ B. rigorous＝厳格な ／ C. perfunctory＝おざなりの ／ D. thorough＝徹底的な
Q12：D. far-reaching — far-reaching implications＝幅広い分野への影響。
A. irrelevant＝無関係な ／ B. negligible＝ほとんどない ／ C. temporary＝一時的な ／ D. far-reaching＝広範な影響を持つ
Q13：A. scrupulous — scrupulous procedure＝厳密に配慮した手続。
A. scrupulous＝細心で良心的な ／ B. haphazard＝行き当たりばったりの ／ C. reckless＝無謀な ／ D. superficial＝表面的な
Q14：B. confusing — ownersとtenantsの扱いが分からずconfusing。
A. transparent＝分かりやすい ／ B. confusing＝分かりにくい ／ C. explicit＝明示的な ／ D. unambiguous＝曖昧さのない
Q15：C. sharp — a sharp rise＝急激な増加。
A. nominal＝名目上の ／ B. negligible＝無視できる ／ C. sharp＝急激な ／ D. illusory＝実在しない
Q16：D. robust — robust protections＝十分な強さのある保護策。
A. optional＝任意の ／ B. temporary＝一時的な ／ C. inconclusive＝結論の出ない ／ D. robust＝強固な
Q17：A. justification — justification for assuming＝推論を正当化する根拠。
A. justification＝正当な根拠 ／ B. consolation＝慰め ／ C. obligation＝義務 ／ D. retribution＝報復
Q18：B. contingent — be contingent on＝資金と人員の継続が条件。
A. immune＝影響を受けない ／ B. contingent＝条件次第の ／ C. hostile＝敵対的な ／ D. equivalent＝同等の
Q19：C. provisional — provisional estimate＝前提が未検証の暫定試算。
A. definitive＝最終的な ／ B. infallible＝誤りのない ／ C. provisional＝暫定的な ／ D. permanent＝恒久的な
Q20：D. comprehensive — comprehensive recordは失敗も含めた全体記録。
A. selective＝選択的な ／ B. incomplete＝不完全な ／ C. misleading＝誤解を招く ／ D. comprehensive＝網羅的な
Q21：A. vulnerability — vulnerability to＝特定の弱点への脆弱性。
A. vulnerability＝脆弱性 ／ B. resilience＝回復力 ／ C. autonomy＝自律性 ／ D. equivalence＝等価性
Q22：B. intelligible — intelligible guidelines＝わかりやすい案内。
A. opaque＝不透明な ／ B. intelligible＝理解しやすい ／ C. arbitrary＝恣意的な ／ D. convoluted＝複雑で分かりにくい
英語言い換え12問の模範答案
Q23：The evidence was too tenuous to support a universal claim. — tenuous evidence。
Q24：The original plan was financially untenable. — financially untenable。
Q25：The survey had a fundamental design flaw. — fundamental flaw。
Q26：The report made sweeping claims. — sweeping claim。
Q27：The region had faced a chronic staff shortage. — chronic shortage。
Q28：The organization adopted a pragmatic response. — pragmatic response。
Q29：There was a substantial discrepancy between the reports. — substantial discrepancy。
Q30：The project’s financial viability was uncertain. — financial viability。
Q31：The inspection was perfunctory. — perfunctory。
Q32：The reform could have far-reaching implications. — far-reaching implications。
Q33：The reviewers examined the records scrupulously. — scrupulously。
Q34：The system was vulnerable to dependence on one supplier. — vulnerable to。
長文2篇の要点和訳とQ35〜42の根拠
海底通信ケーブルの保守と地域のネット接続｜段落別の要点訳
第1段落：架空のレッドヘイブン諸島は2本の海底通信ケーブルに頼っていた。1本が故障すると通信が遅くなり、追加敷設案が出たが、建設費・維持費と海底の条件が未確認で初期見積もりは暫定的だった。
第2段落：技術者は既存ケーブルの監視と近隣ネットワークとの緊急協定も検討した。追加のケーブルでも同じ脆弱な海域を通ればリスクが残るため、ルートの違い、復旧時間、維持費を比較する必要があった。
第3段落：通信停止の訓練では一部の公的サービスは継続できたが、実際の長期停止時にすべての事業を守れるとは証明できない。設置本数ではなく、実際に不可欠な通信を維持できるかを評価して段階導入する。
Q35：A. Detailed seabed and maintenance conditions remained uncertain. — 原価試算の前提が未確定。
Q36：B. Multiple routes could share a vulnerable location. — 同一地点へのリスク集中。
Q37：C. Restoration times, route diversity, and continued services. — 長期費用・独立したルート・実際の復旧。
Q38：D. Expand based on verified essential-service continuity. — 数字ではなく実運用の回復力。
歴史的な音声記録と地域社会の同意｜段落別の要点訳
第1段落：架空のイーストフォード文化資料館は古い職人・地域の人々のインタビュー録音を電子化した。人気が高まったが、現存する人の名前や無制限公開を想定しない知識が含まれており、録音の所有だけではネット公開の権利が成立しない。
第2段落：地域の当事者や権利者と協議して公開範囲を決めた。個人の特定に関わる情報を調整し、研究目的で制限付き公開するものもある。年代と訳語の誤りを確認して説明の正確さを優先した。
第3段落：生徒から好評だったが、ダウンロード数は歴史理解の証拠ではない。理解問題と訂正受付を導入し、ネットが使いにくい人のため館内視聴も残した。記録の信頼性・地域参加・個人の権利を守って継続した。
Q39：C. Some recordings contained sensitive information without clear publication consent. — 音声の所有と公表権の違い。
Q40：D. It used consent and restrictions appropriate to each item. — 同意と段階的な公開。
Q41：A. Reliable contextual explanations and appropriate rights protection. — 正確性・権利・文脈。
Q42：B. They did not demonstrate historical understanding. — 閲覧数と理解は異なる。
7日間の復習
- 1日目：語彙22問を初見で解き、正答率を記録。
- 2日目：誤答だけでなく選択肢88語の意味を確認。
- 3日目：言い換え12問を模範を隠して書く。
- 4日目：海底通信ケーブルの長文で本数と通信の継続性を区別する。
- 5日目：文化資料の長文で所蔵・公開権と利用者の理解を区別。
- 6日目：誤答語を使った自分の例文を作成する。
- 7日目：全42問を再解答し、選んだ理由を説明する。
FAQ
英検1級の抽象名詞と形容詞はどう覚えますか？
単語単体でなく、tenuous evidence、fundamental flaw、scrupulous reviewのように自然な名詞との組み合わせで覚えましょう。
この無料問題は公式過去問ですか？
いいえ。慶英会独自の文章と選択肢による非公式演習です。英検の出題形式だけを参考にしています。
次に取り組む無料教材
新作・続編の無料教材：語彙第22セット｜上級22問・言い換え12問・読解8問。前回セットを復習した後、初見問題に取り組んで理解を深めてください。慶英会が独自制作した非公式教材です。
慶英会の個別指導では英検1級の語彙、長文、Writingを総合的に復習します。最大1か月無料体験・学習相談はこちら。
出題形式の公式参考：英検協会・英検1級試験内容。設問・本文・語義・和訳は慶英会の独自作成です。
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する