慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
結論：英検1級リーディングで確実に得点するには、語彙問題の正解を覚えるだけでなく、誰の記録か・何を測定したか・数字は何の代用か・最終的に何が承認されたかを英文から読み取る必要があります。慶英会の独自Reading第30セットは短文語句22問、長文空所6問、長文内容一致7問の35問・全140択と、全語義・全文和訳・詳しい解答根拠を無料で学べます。
英検協会の現行1級Readingは短文語句空所22問・長文空所6問・長文内容一致7問（英検協会｜1級試験内容）。本ページはこの設問内訳を参考に慶英会が独自制作した模擬演習で、過去問の転載ではありません。
新しいReading35問へ：Reading第31セット｜語彙22・空所6・内容一致7、全140択と全文和訳。島の外来種対策・学術出版を扱う別の長文で根拠を確認できます。
読解で区別するべき5つの論点
- 登録・予約・アクセス数と完了・実利用は別の成果。
- 機器の検出数と自然現象そのものの発生件数は違う。
- 母集団の一部のみを測定した結果は、地域全体へ直接一般化できない。
- 同時期の気候や別施策の変更は因果判断を難しくする。
- 追加試行・独立審査・恒久化は違う決定段階。
Part1｜独自短文語句空所22問・全88択
Q1. The city launched an (____) campaign to reach residents who rarely attended public consultations.
- A. outreach
- B. inference
- C. attrition
- D. reciprocity
Q2. A prolonged shortage of trained inspectors created a serious (____) in the approval process.
- A. consensus
- B. bottleneck
- C. precedent
- D. incentive
Q3. The researchers investigated the (____) of damage caused by repeated exposure to salt water.
- A. feasibility
- B. consensus
- C. degradation
- D. remedy
Q4. The new guidelines requested written (____) before sensitive interviews were released online.
- A. incentive
- B. mandate
- C. procurement
- D. consent
Q5. The project’s long-term (____) depended on stable maintenance funding, not only the first grant.
- A. viability
- B. discrepancy
- C. attrition
- D. influx
Q6. The sudden (____) of visitors exceeded the museum’s available seating.
- A. precedent
- B. influx
- C. consensus
- D. inference
Q7. An audit revealed a substantial (____) between the invoices and the published spending figures.
- A. consensus
- B. threshold
- C. discrepancy
- D. allocation
Q8. The council’s legal (____) did not extend to ordering changes at privately operated facilities.
- A. incentive
- B. backlash
- C. viability
- D. jurisdiction
Q9. The policy required a careful (____) of public funds between education and transport.
- A. allocation
- B. retention
- C. attrition
- D. provenance
Q10. The unexpected technical (____) delayed publication of the new data portal.
- A. corollary
- B. setback
- C. threshold
- D. mandate
Q11. The office introduced a (____) procedure to ensure that applicants could challenge incorrect decisions.
- A. disclosure
- B. degradation
- C. appeal
- D. procurement
Q12. Public (____) of personal addresses could create a serious privacy risk.
- A. allocation
- B. precedent
- C. retention
- D. disclosure
Q13. Investigators examined whether the rise in reports reflected a change in (____) rather than the underlying incident rate.
- A. detection
- B. consensus
- C. jurisdiction
- D. restoration
Q14. A clear (____) of records helped prevent duplicate payments for the same service.
- A. backlash
- B. audit trail
- C. threshold
- D. disparity
Q15. The researchers warned that the survey suffered from participant (____) after many people stopped responding.
- A. procurement
- B. allocation
- C. attrition
- D. consensus
Q16. Public support remained (____) even after the council explained how the rules would operate.
- A. unanimous
- B. provisional
- C. irreversible
- D. divided
Q17. A new supplier helped improve the (____) of replacement components for older devices.
- A. availability
- B. precedent
- C. jurisdiction
- D. attrition
Q18. The city placed an explicit (____) on the number of vehicles allowed in the conservation area.
- A. reciprocity
- B. limit
- C. inference
- D. provenance
Q19. A temporary repair offered only a (____), not a lasting solution to structural damage.
- A. consensus
- B. mandate
- C. stopgap
- D. precedent
Q20. The review urged more (____) of contracts awarded to organizations with close political connections.
- A. attrition
- B. influx
- C. proliferation
- D. scrutiny
Q21. Long-term confidence in the archive depended on the (____) of its correction records.
- A. integrity
- B. influx
- C. disparity
- D. compliance
Q22. The council compared the (____) of upgrading the old water system with building a replacement.
- A. dissent
- B. cost-effectiveness
- C. jurisdiction
- D. provenance
Part1全22問の解答と全88択の語義
Q1 正答 A：outreach。 非参加者への働きかけ＝outreach campaign。 全選択肢：A. outreach＝働きかけ・支援の届け出 ／ B. inference＝推論 ／ C. attrition＝脱落 ／ D. reciprocity＝互恵
Q2 正答 B：bottleneck。 検査員不足で審査が滞るbottleneck。 全選択肢：A. consensus＝合意 ／ B. bottleneck＝進行を妨げる箇所 ／ C. precedent＝先例 ／ D. incentive＝誘因
Q3 正答 C：degradation。 塩水で機器が劣化するdegradation。 全選択肢：A. feasibility＝実行可能性 ／ B. consensus＝合意 ／ C. degradation＝劣化 ／ D. remedy＝救済策
Q4 正答 D：consent。 公開には書面の同意consent。 全選択肢：A. incentive＝誘因 ／ B. mandate＝命令・権限 ／ C. procurement＝調達 ／ D. consent＝同意
Q5 正答 A：viability。 長期の事業継続の見込みviability。 全選択肢：A. viability＝持続可能な実行可能性 ／ B. discrepancy＝不一致 ／ C. attrition＝離脱 ／ D. influx＝流入
Q6 正答 B：influx。 急な訪問者増＝influx。 全選択肢：A. precedent＝先例 ／ B. influx＝大量流入 ／ C. consensus＝合意 ／ D. inference＝推論
Q7 正答 C：discrepancy。 異なる帳簿間の不一致discrepancy。 全選択肢：A. consensus＝合意 ／ B. threshold＝閾値 ／ C. discrepancy＝食い違い ／ D. allocation＝配分
Q8 正答 D：jurisdiction。 行政の権限が及ぶ範囲＝jurisdiction。 全選択肢：A. incentive＝誘因 ／ B. backlash＝反発 ／ C. viability＝実現可能性 ／ D. jurisdiction＝管轄権
Q9 正答 A：allocation。 公費の配分allocation。 全選択肢：A. allocation＝配分 ／ B. retention＝保持 ／ C. attrition＝離脱 ／ D. provenance＝来歴
Q10 正答 B：setback。 技術上の障害＝setback。 全選択肢：A. corollary＝付随的な帰結 ／ B. setback＝後退・障害 ／ C. threshold＝しきい値 ／ D. mandate＝指令
Q11 正答 C：appeal。 誤判定に対するappeal procedure。 全選択肢：A. disclosure＝公開 ／ B. degradation＝劣化 ／ C. appeal＝不服申立て ／ D. procurement＝調達
Q12 正答 D：disclosure。 個人住所の開示disclosure。 全選択肢：A. allocation＝配分 ／ B. precedent＝前例 ／ C. retention＝保持 ／ D. disclosure＝開示
Q13 正答 A：detection。 報告数の上昇と実発生数の差＝detection。 全選択肢：A. detection＝検出・発見 ／ B. consensus＝合意 ／ C. jurisdiction＝管轄 ／ D. restoration＝復元
Q14 正答 B：audit trail。 取引記録を追跡できるaudit trail。 全選択肢：A. backlash＝反発 ／ B. audit trail＝監査証跡 ／ C. threshold＝閾値 ／ D. disparity＝格差
Q15 正答 C：attrition。 途中脱落＝participant attrition。 全選択肢：A. procurement＝調達 ／ B. allocation＝配分 ／ C. attrition＝参加者脱落 ／ D. consensus＝合意
Q16 正答 D：divided。 意見が割れたdivided。 全選択肢：A. unanimous＝全会一致の ／ B. provisional＝暫定的な ／ C. irreversible＝不可逆な ／ D. divided＝分かれた
Q17 正答 A：availability。 部品が入手しやすくなるavailability。 全選択肢：A. availability＝入手可能性 ／ B. precedent＝先例 ／ C. jurisdiction＝管轄 ／ D. attrition＝脱落
Q18 正答 B：limit。 numberに対する上限limit。 全選択肢：A. reciprocity＝互恵 ／ B. limit＝上限 ／ C. inference＝推論 ／ D. provenance＝来歴
Q19 正答 C：stopgap。 stopgap＝恒久解決までの一時対応。 全選択肢：A. consensus＝合意 ／ B. mandate＝権限 ／ C. stopgap＝その場しのぎの措置 ／ D. precedent＝先例
Q20 正答 D：scrutiny。 利益相反の疑いがある契約の精査scrutiny。 全選択肢：A. attrition＝脱落 ／ B. influx＝流入 ／ C. proliferation＝急増 ／ D. scrutiny＝精査
Q21 正答 A：integrity。 記録の完全性integrity。 全選択肢：A. integrity＝完全性・信頼性 ／ B. influx＝流入 ／ C. disparity＝格差 ／ D. compliance＝順守
Q22 正答 B：cost-effectiveness。 改修と新設の費用対効果cost-effectiveness。 全選択肢：A. dissent＝異議 ／ B. cost-effectiveness＝費用対効果 ／ C. jurisdiction＝管轄 ／ D. provenance＝来歴
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
塾長の経歴・指導方針
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Part2｜長文の語句空所6問
研究資料館における温度記録の管理
Paragraph 1. The imagined Halden University Archive stored delicate film recordings that could deteriorate when exposed to excessive heat. Staff installed monitoring devices throughout its storage rooms and began reviewing the readings every week. Early reports showed fewer temperature alerts after the installation, prompting some administrators to conclude that the equipment had solved the preservation problem. The archivists pointed out that the devices had also been recalibrated and the building’s ventilation schedule had changed. As a result, the figures could not demonstrate (23) that the new sensors alone had produced the improvement.
Paragraph 2. The archive developed an electronic log recording when equipment was checked, who changed its settings, and why an alert had been dismissed. Researchers argued that such an (24) would help later reviewers understand how decisions were made instead of simply accepting the final figures. They also checked whether recordings had actually remained in safe conditions over long periods.
Paragraph 3. Before purchasing similar devices for every historical collection, the university planned an independent assessment of costs, reliability, and staff training. Leaders stated that the proposed expansion remained (25), pending the evaluation, and that original records would continue to be protected through existing procedures.
Q23. Choose the best expression for blank [23].
- A. conclusively
- B. provisionally
- C. reluctantly
- D. inadvertently
Q24. Choose the best expression for blank [24].
- A. influx
- B. audit trail
- C. appeal
- D. allocation
Q25. Choose the best expression for blank [25].
- A. irreversible
- B. unanimous
- C. provisional
- D. compulsory
市立学校の読書支援プログラム
Paragraph 1. An imaginary school district offered free after-class reading sessions to students who requested extra support. Attendance was initially high, and administrators were encouraged by the number of sign-ups. However, a later check revealed that several students registered but never attended, while others visited repeatedly. The district therefore decided to distinguish registration totals from (26) attendance and from demonstrated reading improvement.
Paragraph 2. Teachers introduced short unfamiliar passages to check whether learners could explain evidence rather than merely repeat answers from earlier lessons. Some groups showed improvement, but the schools had also changed their regular literacy curriculum during the same term. Evaluators warned that these simultaneous reforms might (27) conclusions about the effects of the after-class sessions if ignored.
Paragraph 3. To improve access, the district asked families about transport, session times, and alternatives for students who could not stay after school. The board authorized another limited term and an independent review. It made clear that any region-wide expansion would depend on (28) evidence of learning and accessibility, not the popularity of registration forms alone.
Q26. Choose the best expression for blank [26].
- A. proposed
- B. actual
- C. identical
- D. historical
Q27. Choose the best expression for blank [27].
- A. clarify
- B. verify
- C. distort
- D. reverse
Q28. Choose the best expression for blank [28].
- A. anecdotal
- B. disputed
- C. unrelated
- D. reliable
長文空所6問の解答・段落別全文和訳
研究資料館における温度記録の管理
第1段落：架空の大学資料館は映像フィルムの高温劣化を防ぐセンサーを設置。警報は減ったが機器の再校正と空調時間の変更も同時にあり、センサー単独の効果とは断定できない。
第2段落：機器の確認・設定変更者・警報処理を記録する監査証跡を整備。あとから判断経緯を確認でき、長期的な保存環境も調べる。
第3段落：全面購入前に費用・信頼性・職員研修を第三者評価するため、拡大は暫定計画にとどまる。
Q23 正答 A：conclusively。 could not demonstrate conclusively＝決定的には証明できない。その他は意味が合わない。
Q24 正答 B：audit trail。 設定変更・判断履歴の記録はaudit trail。
Q25 正答 C：provisional。 評価待ちの暫定計画provisional。
市立学校の読書支援プログラム
第1段落：架空の地区は放課後読書支援の登録数が多かったが登録・実出席・読解向上は別の指標。複数回参加と未出席がある。
第2段落：未知の文章への回答で能力を測ったが通常授業の変更も同時期にあり、放課後指導だけの効果と断定すると誤る。
第3段落：交通や時間帯の障壁を調べ、限定運用をもう一期延長して独立評価。全地域展開は実証された学習・アクセス成果次第。
Q26 正答 B：actual。 登録しただけでなく実際に出席したactual attendance。
Q27 正答 C：distort。 別要因を無視すると因果の結論を歪めるdistort。
Q28 正答 D：reliable。 拡大には信頼できる成果の証拠reliable evidence。
Part3｜長文内容一致7問・全文和訳
地域エネルギー共同購入と公平な費用負担
Paragraph 1. The fictional city of Amberleigh introduced a voluntary program through which households could join a group purchase of energy-efficient heating systems. Officials hoped that bulk orders would reduce installation costs and enable more families to replace outdated equipment. Early publicity claimed that the program would save money for every participating household. A financial review, however, showed that initial prices were only one part of the calculation. Some homes would require electrical upgrades or structural work before new systems could be installed.
Paragraph 2. The first round attracted numerous applications, but many of them were later withdrawn after detailed estimates were provided. As a result, application totals did not accurately represent completed installations. Several residents also reported that the online application process was difficult to use on older devices. The organizers offered paper forms and assistance at community centers, though those measures introduced extra staffing costs.
Paragraph 3. An independent team compared electricity expenses in completed installations with earlier bills. Some participants reported lower costs, but the comparison was complicated by weather differences and household changes. People who chose to join the program might also have been more likely to make other energy-saving improvements. Evaluators warned that observed savings could not automatically be attributed entirely to the group purchase.
Paragraph 4. The council considered whether public subsidies were warranted for households unable to afford the initial costs. Supporters argued that targeted assistance could promote more equitable access, while critics questioned the opportunity cost relative to other energy projects. No final subsidy policy was adopted. Officials asked for an assessment of actual completed installations, long-term performance, financial costs, and benefits for different income groups.
Paragraph 5. The program continued on a limited basis with clearer estimates and assisted applications. The council postponed permanent expansion until the independent review could establish which households benefited and which barriers remained. Its aim was not simply to maximize registrations but to assess whether the purchasing arrangement delivered practical value.
Paragraph 6. The case illustrates why a service can attract substantial interest without producing uniform results. The success of a technology program depends on implementation, local conditions, and the availability of support, not solely on a headline price reduction.
Q29. Why did the financial review question the promise of savings for every household?
- A. Some installations required additional electrical or structural work.
- B. Every household had identical installation conditions.
- C. The program never offered bulk purchasing.
- D. The municipality had prohibited electrical upgrades.
Q30. What distinguished applications from completed installations?
- A. The program admitted only residents who had already installed equipment.
- B. Some applications were withdrawn after detailed cost estimates.
- C. All applicants received equipment on the same day.
- D. No household submitted an application.
Q31. What was the council’s final position on permanent expansion and subsidies?
- A. Both had already been permanently approved.
- B. All energy support was canceled.
- C. Further evidence was required before either broader policy was finalized.
- D. All applications would receive identical financial assistance.
海洋音響の観測と船舶活動の推定
Paragraph 1. A fictional coastal research center installed underwater microphones to monitor changes in ocean sound near busy shipping routes. The equipment detected more distinct acoustic events than older instruments had recorded, and the increase drew attention from environmental groups. Some commentators suggested that shipping activity must have grown dramatically. Researchers warned that the new microphones were more sensitive and that improved software could distinguish signals previously treated as background noise. A rise in detected events therefore did not automatically establish an equal rise in ship traffic.
Paragraph 2. Marine scientists used vessel-position reports to compare acoustic detections with the movement of large ships. Those records offered useful information but did not cover every small vessel operating in the region. Strong winds and changing water conditions also influenced how far sound traveled. The researchers proposed comparing similar weather periods and recording calibration settings before estimating long-term changes.
Paragraph 3. The project included discussions about the potential impact of noise on marine wildlife. Some groups called for immediate restrictions on all nighttime shipping, while others requested independent evidence about the nature and timing of possible harm. Scientists emphasized that their current instruments measured underwater sounds rather than the behavior or health of individual animals. Additional ecological studies would be necessary to establish effects on wildlife.
Paragraph 4. Another issue concerned public access to the data. Detailed recordings occasionally revealed information about the location or movements of particular vessels. The center proposed publishing aggregated trends and offering controlled access to more sensitive records for qualified researchers. It also documented corrections to earlier interpretations, recognizing that transparency should not be confused with unrestricted disclosure of every detail.
Paragraph 5. The regional council funded a longer monitoring program and asked for independent review of measurement reliability, ecological evidence, privacy, and enforcement costs. No comprehensive nighttime shipping restriction was adopted. Officials wanted policies to reflect credible evidence about both benefits and possible economic consequences.
Paragraph 6. The project illustrated the limits of treating a single type of observation as a complete picture. Sound detections can identify questions deserving investigation, but they do not by themselves measure shipping activity or prove specific ecological harm. Those conclusions require additional, appropriately designed evidence.
Q32. Why did the researchers challenge the claim of dramatically increased shipping?
- A. There had been no ships in the region.
- B. Improved instruments could detect previously unnoticed sounds.
- C. The microphones recorded only weather forecasts.
- D. Vessel-position records covered every small boat exactly.
Q33. What important limitation applied to the acoustic measurements?
- A. They measured every animal’s health directly.
- B. They identified each vessel with perfect certainty.
- C. They measured sound rather than direct effects on animals.
- D. All microphones had stopped working.
Q34. What approach was proposed for sharing sensitive data?
- A. Release every recording with no restrictions.
- B. Delete all recorded measurements immediately.
- C. Publish only unverified rumors.
- D. Publish aggregated trends while controlling access to sensitive details.
Q35. What did the regional council decide?
- A. Fund further monitoring and review rather than impose a comprehensive shipping restriction.
- B. Permanently ban all nighttime vessels.
- C. Declare ecological harm conclusively demonstrated.
- D. Dismiss all privacy concerns as irrelevant.
内容一致7問の正答と全文和訳
地域エネルギー共同購入と公平な費用負担
第1段落：架空のAmberleigh市は高効率暖房設備の共同購入を提案。価格割引があっても各住宅の配線や構造工事により費用が変わり、全世帯の節約は保証できない。
第2段落：申込は多かったが見積後の撤回があり、申込件数と設置完了件数は別。古い端末で申込みが難しい人向け紙申込と職員支援も費用がかかる。
第3段落：完成した設置では一部の電気代が下がったが、天候・世帯変化や参加者自身の別の省エネ努力が影響しうる。
第4段落：初期費用の負担を軽減する補助金を議論したが、機会費用や公平性の問題があり最終政策は未決。
第5段落：限定継続し、実設置・長期性能・費用・所得階層別の便益を評価した後に恒久化を判断。
第6段落：関心が高くても成果は一律でなく、実装・地域条件・支援が重要。
Q29 正答 A：Some installations required additional electrical or structural work.。 住宅ごとの工事条件で費用が異なる。B/C/Dは本文にない。
Q30 正答 B：Some applications were withdrawn after detailed cost estimates.。 見積後の撤回があり件数は異なる。
Q31 正答 C：Further evidence was required before either broader policy was finalized.。 補助政策も恒久化も追加評価待ち。
海洋音響の観測と船舶活動の推定
第1段落：架空の海洋研究所は感度の高い水中マイクを設置し音の検出件数が増えた。ただし機器・ソフトの進歩による検出改善であり、船舶交通の急増とは限らない。
第2段落：大型船の位置情報と照合したが小型船を網羅せず、風・水温などで音の伝わり方が変わる。天候条件と校正を揃える必要がある。
第3段落：野生動物への影響を懸念する声はあるが、水中音の測定は個体の行動や健康を直接測っていない。生態調査が別途必要。
第4段落：詳細録音が特定船舶の動きを示すこともあり、集計傾向は公開し機微記録は承認研究者へ限定する案が出た。訂正履歴も残す。
第5段落：評議会は長期測定と測定・生態・プライバシー・費用の独立評価を承認。夜間航行の全面規制は採用していない。
第6段落：音の検出だけで船舶活動や生物への悪影響を証明することはできず、別の適切な測定が必要。
Q32 正答 B：Improved instruments could detect previously unnoticed sounds.。 高感度・ソフト改善で検出件数が増えうる。
Q33 正答 C：They measured sound rather than direct effects on animals.。 水中音と動物の健康・行動は別の測定対象。
Q34 正答 D：Publish aggregated trends while controlling access to sensitive details.。 集計情報の公開と機微記録のアクセス制限。
Q35 正答 A：Fund further monitoring and review rather than impose a comprehensive shipping restriction.。 長期監視と独立評価を承認し包括規制は未実施。
全35問・正答一覧
Q1:A ／ Q2:B ／ Q3:C ／ Q4:D ／ Q5:A ／ Q6:B ／ Q7:C ／ Q8:D ／ Q9:A ／ Q10:B ／ Q11:C ／ Q12:D ／ Q13:A ／ Q14:B ／ Q15:C ／ Q16:D ／ Q17:A ／ Q18:B ／ Q19:C ／ Q20:D ／ Q21:A ／ Q22:B ／ Q23:A ／ Q24:B ／ Q25:C ／ Q26:B ／ Q27:C ／ Q28:D ／ Q29:A ／ Q30:B ／ Q31:C ／ Q32:B ／ Q33:C ／ Q34:D ／ Q35:A
復習の最終チェック
- 語彙22問は誤答3肢も意味を説明する。
- 長文空所は前後2文だけでなく段落全体の結論と照合する。
- 内容一致7問は本文の根拠箇所へ戻り、誤答の言い過ぎ・逆転・主語違いを見抜く。
- 1週間後に未使用の長文で同じ判断を再現できるか確認する。
よくある質問
英検1級Readingは全部で何問ですか？
公式の現行構成では短文語句空所22問・長文空所6問・内容一致7問の計35問です。最新の公式情報で受験時に再確認してください。
観測数が増えたのに発生件数は増えていないことがありますか？
はい。機器の感度や報告制度が変わると、以前に見つけられなかった現象が記録されます。どの方法で何を測ったのかを確認する必要があります。
この長文は実際の科学研究を紹介していますか？
いいえ。文章に登場する機関やデータは慶英会独自の架空設定です。公式過去問や実在する研究調査の転載ではありません。
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