慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英作文の並列構造（parallel structure）では、and・or・but・both A and B・either A or B・not only A but also Bで結ぶ要素の文法的な役割と形を対応させることが重要です。 ただし実際の英語では、異なる構文を自然につなげられる場合もあります。以下は定期テストで答案を明確にするための代表的な修正例です。
慶英会制作の独自問題40問です。NEW TREASUREの教科書本文・解答を転記したものではありません。全問の訂正例は一例で、意味の通る別解もあります。
並列構造の基本と例文
I like reading and writing.（読むことと書くことが好き）／I want to read and to write.（読み書きしたい）／The lesson was interesting and useful.（授業は面白く役立った）。名詞・動名詞・to不定詞・形容詞・節のどれを並列にしているのか確認します。
特に難しいのは「見かけだけ違う形」が混ざる問題です。例えば The room was clean and had large windows. は文法的に成立します。必ずしも『形の違い＝誤文』ではありません。本教材では統一した表現に書き換えるという指示で、修正可能な例文に取り組みます。
独自演習40問｜並列をそろえた自然な英文に書き換え
各設問は、提示文の意味を大きく変えず、文法的に対応する表現へ書き換えてください。元の文が成立する場合も、より均整の取れた表現を答えます。
1. I enjoy reading, writing, and to speak English.
2. She wants to travel, to study, and working abroad.
3. He is kind, patient, and helps others.
4. Our goal is to learn and improving.
5. The test was long but easily.
6. I can swim, run, and to cycle.
7. Mina likes both singing and to dance.
8. You should either call me or sending an email.
9. The task requires accuracy, patience, and to focus.
10. The room was clean, quiet, and had large windows.
11. She has visited Kyoto, Osaka, and to Nara.
12. We discussed how to plan, how to organize, and presenting the event.
13. This rule is simple but using it is difficult.
14. He speaks clearly, politely, and with confidence.
15. I prefer tea to drinking coffee.
16. The project is useful for learning, practicing, and to review.
17. Not only the book was useful but also the video.
18. I want not only to read but also writing.
19. The teacher asked us to read, discuss, and wrote a summary.
20. She spent the day cooking and to clean.
21. This plan is cheaper and takes less time.
22. The speaker explained the problem clearly and with patience.
23. I am interested in music and to paint.
24. We must listen carefully and to answer honestly.
25. He decided to save money, study harder, and helping his family.
26. Neither waiting nor to complain will solve the problem.
27. She was both interested in and proud of the result.
28. My aim is not only improving my writing but also to speak clearly.
29. This guide tells you when to start and where should you go.
30. They want a quiet place and that it is safe.
31. She is good at not only explaining but also to listen.
32. He can both design the poster and he can print it.
33. The plan was not only practical but also it was affordable.
34. We need to check the numbers, correct the errors, and the result should be shared.
35. The course teaches students to think independently and how to communicate.
36. We should be careful, honest, and act respectfully.
37. I will either visit the museum or going to the library.
38. The letter was short, clear, and explained the reason.
39. He hopes to learn more, meet friends, and he wants to grow.
40. The proposal was carefully planned and presented confidently.
40問の訂正例・ポイント解説
1. I enjoy reading, writing, and speaking English.
理由：動名詞を3つ並列。
2. She wants to travel, to study, and to work abroad.
理由：to不定詞を3つ並列。
3. He is kind, patient, and helpful.
理由：形容詞を並列。
4. Our goal is to learn and improve.
理由：toに続く動詞の原形を並列。
5. The test was long but easy.
理由：形容詞同士を接続。
6. I can swim, run, and cycle.
理由：助動詞canの後は原形。
7. Mina likes both singing and dancing.
理由：both A and Bの品詞を統一。
8. You should either call me or send an email.
理由：either A or Bに原形の動詞を並べる。
9. The task requires accuracy, patience, and focus.
理由：名詞を並べる（focusは名詞）。
10. The room was clean, quiet, and bright.
理由：形容詞の並列として修正する例。
11. She has visited Kyoto, Osaka, and Nara.
理由：訪問先の名詞を列挙。
12. We discussed how to plan, how to organize, and how to present the event.
理由：how to＋動詞の並列。
13. This rule is simple, but it is difficult to use.
理由：独立節をbutで結び主語を明示。
14. He speaks clearly, politely, and confidently.
理由：副詞を3つ並列にする訂正例。
15. I prefer drinking tea to drinking coffee.
理由：比較対象を同じ動名詞形にそろえる。
16. The project is useful for learning, practicing, and reviewing.
理由：forの後ろで動名詞を並列。
17. Not only the book but also the video was useful.
理由：主語の範囲内で対応させる。
18. I want not only to read but also to write.
理由：not only A but also Bを同形に。
19. The teacher asked us to read, discuss, and write a summary.
理由：asked us toに続く3つの動詞を原形で統一。
20. She spent the day cooking and cleaning.
理由：spend time -ingを2つ並列。
21. This plan is cheaper and faster.
理由：形容詞の比較級を並列にする訂正例。
22. The speaker explained the problem clearly and patiently.
理由：副詞を同じ形にする訂正例。
23. I am interested in music and painting.
理由：inの目的語を名詞・動名詞でそろえる。
24. We must listen carefully and answer honestly.
理由：mustの後は動詞の原形。
25. He decided to save money, study harder, and help his family.
理由：decided toに続く原形の並列。
26. Neither waiting nor complaining will solve the problem.
理由：動名詞を2つ並列し全体を主語に。
27. She was both interested in and proud of the result.
理由：前置詞を含む2つの形容詞句が並列。
28. My aim is not only to improve my writing but also to speak clearly.
理由：to不定詞を2つ対応。
29. This guide tells you when to start and where to go.
理由：疑問詞＋to不定詞の並列。
30. They want a quiet and safe place.
理由：形容詞の並列に整理。
31. She is good at not only explaining but also listening.
理由：前置詞atの後は動名詞。
32. He can both design the poster and print it.
理由：bothの後ろを動詞原形で統一。
33. The plan was not only practical but also affordable.
理由：形容詞を並列。
34. We need to check the numbers, correct the errors, and share the result.
理由：3つの原形動詞を統一。
35. The course teaches students to think independently and communicate clearly.
理由：teaches students toに続く動詞を並列。
36. We should be careful, honest, and respectful.
理由：beの補語の形容詞を並列。
37. I will either visit the museum or go to the library.
理由：willの後の原形を並列。
38. The letter was short, clear, and informative.
理由：形容詞の並列として直す一例。
39. He hopes to learn more, meet friends, and grow.
理由：hopes to以下の原形3つをそろえる。
40. The proposal was carefully planned and confidently presented.
理由：wasに続く過去分詞2つを並列にし、副詞は位置を調整。
注意：文法的な誤りと文章表現の改善は別
例えば He is kind and helps others. は自然な英文です。形容詞と動詞句が接続されていても、同じ主語にかかり意味関係が明快なら成立します。本稿の例には「誤り訂正が必要なもの」と「並列をそろえて読みやすくする改善例」の両方が含まれます。教師から『文法的な誤りをすべて選べ』と指示された場合は、自然な元の英文を誤文と判断しないでください。
復習と採点の方法
① 主語・述語を色分けする。② 接続詞の直前・直後の要素の役割を比べる。③ 元の意味が残っているか確認する。④ 模範例の語順だけにこだわらず、別解を検証する。20問ずつに分けて翌日に再挑戦すると、文法知識と英作文の表現力を一緒に強化できます。
よくある質問
Q. andの両側は必ず同じ品詞ですか？
A. いいえ。andは節同士など異なる構文も結べます。列挙する要素を対応させたい場合に並列を意識します。
Q. not only A but also Bでは何をそろえますか？
A. できるだけAとBを同じ構文上の単位にします。例えば not only to read but also to write です。
Q. 日本語から英訳するときに最初に見る点は？
A. 「AとB」が名詞なのか、動作なのか、性質なのかを整理し、その型を英語でそろえます。
関連教材・学習相談
either・neither・both・not onlyと主語・動詞の一致40問と合わせて復習してください。慶英会では中高一貫校の学校教材・定期テスト対策について最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご案内しています。
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する