結論：NEW TREASURE（ニュートレジャー）Stage 2 Lesson 6の受動態の疑問文は、When was the bridge built?／Where was the picture taken?／How many books were borrowed? のように疑問詞＋be動詞＋主語＋過去分詞を基本に作ります。またWho built the library? は行為者を尋ねる能動態、Who was the library built by? は受動態で行為者を尋ねる形です。慶英会独自40問・全解答・書き換え・初見読解で区別します。
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
Ｚ会Third Edition Stage2 Lesson6では、受動態に加え『疑問詞を含む受動態の文』を扱います。本記事は慶英会の独自演習であり、出版社・学校の問題の転載ではありません。学校の採用版や既習Lessonを優先してください。
疑問詞を含む受動態：4つの基本形
- When was the bridge built?：過去の受動態。
- Where is the product made?：現在の受動・製造場所を尋ねる。
- Why were the maps changed?：複数主語mapsとwere。
- How many letters were sent?：How many＋可算複数＋were＋過去分詞。
Who built the room? とWho was the room built by?の違い
Who built the room? はwhoが能動文の主語で、誰が建設したかを尋ねます。Who was the room built by? はroomが受動文の主語で、byの後ろに行為者を尋ねるwhoを置く口語的表現です。By whom was the room built? はより形式的な言い方です。Who was built?とすると誰が建設されたのかという別の意味になります。
What was made?は疑問詞が受動態の主語
What was announced? はwhat自体が発表された内容を表す受動態の主語です。What did they announce? はtheyが主語の能動態で、whatが目的語です。who／whatが『行動した人・物』か『行動された人・物』かを理解しましょう。
疑問詞＋受動態の語順と時制
When will the event be held? は未来の受動態、When was the event held? は過去の受動態。willを使うときはwill＋主語＋be＋過去分詞、過去ではwas／were＋過去分詞という順番です。過去分詞の活用も同時に確認してください。
問題編｜疑問詞を含む受動態40問
1．When／Where／Why＋be＋過去分詞（Q1〜Q8）
疑問詞が時・場所・理由・行為者・受け手のどれを尋ねているか確認し、主語の数とbe動詞を合わせます。
- Q1. Choose: When (was the bridge built / did the bridge built)?
- Q2. Choose: Where (was the picture taken / did the picture taken)?
- Q3. Choose: Why (was the meeting cancelled / did the meeting cancelled)?
- Q4. Choose: When (were the maps prepared / was the maps prepared)?
- Q5. Choose: Where (is this tool made / are this tool made)?
- Q6. Complete: When (was / did) the museum opened?〔受動態で〕
- Q7. Complete: Why (were / did) the instructions changed?〔受動態〕
- Q8. Complete: Where (will the event be held / will be the event held)?
2．Whoが行為者か受け手かを区別（Q9〜Q16）
疑問詞が時・場所・理由・行為者・受け手のどれを尋ねているか確認し、主語の数とbe動詞を合わせます。
- Q9. Choose the question asking the writer: (A) Who wrote the letter? (B) Who was written the letter?
- Q10. Choose the question asking the writer of a known letter: (A) Who was the letter written by? (B) Who did the letter written?
- Q11. Choose the question asking the selected person: (A) Who was chosen? (B) Who did chosen?
- Q12. Complete: Who (was / did) the classroom cleaned by?
- Q13. Complete: By (who / whom) was the room cleaned?〔形式的な文体〕
- Q14. Choose the question asking who received the award: (A) Who was given the award? (B) Who gave the award?
- Q15. Translate: 『その地図は誰によって描かれましたか』 with Who … by.
- Q16. Translate: 『その図書館は誰が建設しましたか』 using active voice.
3．How many／What／Whichを含む受動態（Q17〜Q24）
疑問詞が時・場所・理由・行為者・受け手のどれを尋ねているか確認し、主語の数とbe動詞を合わせます。
- Q17. Choose: How many books (were borrowed / was borrowed) yesterday?
- Q18. Choose: What (was announced / did announced) at the meeting?
- Q19. Choose: Which room (was used / were used) for the event?
- Q20. Choose: What (is this bridge made of / does this bridge made of)?
- Q21. Choose: How (was the error found / did the error found)?
- Q22. Choose: How many students (were invited / was invited) to the event?
- Q23. Complete: What was the model (made of / made by)?〔材料は何かを尋ねる〕
- Q24. Complete: Which of the two maps (was / were) chosen?〔一つが選ばれた〕
4．能動態と受動態の疑問文を書き換える（Q25〜Q32）
疑問詞が時・場所・理由・行為者・受け手のどれを尋ねているか確認し、主語の数とbe動詞を合わせます。
- Q25. Rewrite: When did they build the bridge? Use passive.
- Q26. Rewrite: Where did the teacher take the photo? Use passive.
- Q27. Rewrite: Why did they close the museum? Use passive.
- Q28. Rewrite: How many invitations did Hana send? Use passive.
- Q29. Rewrite: Who painted this wall? Use passive with ‘by’.
- Q30. Correct: Where did the letter written?
- Q31. Correct: When the new library was opened?〔直接疑問文〕
- Q32. Translate: 『そのドアはいつ修理されましたか』 into English.
5．校内の建物史を読む8問（Q33〜Q40）
A fictional middle school prepared an English exhibition about the history of its buildings. The student council collected approved photographs, maps, and old information sheets. The teacher asked them to check sources rather than guess about dates. At the first table, a poster said that a wooden bridge had been built in 1987. A visitor asked, ‘When was the bridge built?’ The student pointed to the year on the official record. At another table, Yui displayed a photograph of the old library. Ken asked, ‘Where was the photograph taken?’ Yui answered that the school record identified a position near the entrance. Another student asked who had taken the photograph, but the record did not name the photographer. The group therefore avoided putting an invented person’s name on the label. Next, the students prepared a chart of invitations. Forty invitations had been sent to former students, but the class did not know how many recipients would attend. The teacher asked, ‘How many invitations were sent?’ The students answered with the number they had recorded. They did not claim that forty people had registered or attended, because sending invitations and receiving responses were different events. During the final review, the teacher gave a grammar reminder. ‘Who was invited?’ asks which person received an invitation. ‘Who invited the visitors?’ asks who performed the action. Both questions involve who, but their meaning and structure are not the same. The team checked the difference before presenting its labels and answered questions honestly when the records were incomplete.
- Q33. What historical item was said to have been built in 1987?
- Q34. What question asked about the bridge’s construction date?
- Q35. Where was the library photograph taken?
- Q36. Did the group know who took the library photograph?
- Q37. How many invitations had been sent?
- Q38. Did forty invitations prove that forty people attended?
- Q39. What does ‘Who was invited?’ ask about?
- Q40. What does ‘Who invited the visitors?’ ask about?
全40問の正答・根拠
各問1点、40点満点の自習演習です。能動・受動への書き換えは行為者、対象、時制、数を変えずに作ることが必要です。by＋whoの位置には口語・形式的な言い換えがあるため、学校の指定も優先してください。
When／Where／Why＋be＋過去分詞の解答（Q1〜Q8）
- Q1. was the bridge built — 過去の受動態疑問はwas＋主語＋built。
- Q2. was the picture taken — where＋was＋S＋過去分詞。
- Q3. was the meeting cancelled — cancelledが受動の過去分詞。
- Q4. were the maps prepared — mapsは複数でwere。
- Q5. is this tool made — toolは単数。
- Q6. was — was the museum openedという受動の疑問文。
- Q7. were — were＋instructions＋changed。
- Q8. will the event be held — will＋S＋be＋過去分詞。
Whoが行為者か受け手かを区別の解答（Q9〜Q16）
- Q9. (A) Who wrote the letter? — 書いた人が主語。Bはこの意味で不自然。
- Q10. (A) Who was the letter written by? — 手紙を主語にした受動態で行為者を尋ねる。
- Q11. (A) Who was chosen? — 選ばれた人が受動文の主語。
- Q12. was — Who was the classroom cleaned by? は口語的な受動態疑問。
- Q13. whom — 前置詞byの目的格を用いる形式的表現。
- Q14. (A) Who was given the award? — 受け取った人を受動態の主語として尋ねる。
- Q15. Who was the map drawn by? — 口語的なwho … by。By whom was …?も可。
- Q16. Who built the library? — 行為者whoが主語の能動態。
How many／What／Whichを含む受動態の解答（Q17〜Q24）
- Q17. were borrowed — booksは複数なのでwere。
- Q18. was announced — 受動態の主語what＋was＋過去分詞。
- Q19. was used — which roomは単数。
- Q20. is this bridge made of — be made ofという受動的な状態表現。
- Q21. was the error found — 受動態の疑問文。
- Q22. were invited — studentsは複数。
- Q23. made of — be made ofは材質、made byは作った人。
- Q24. was — which of twoが一つを指す文脈で単数動詞。
能動態と受動態の疑問文を書き換えるの解答（Q25〜Q32）
- Q25. When was the bridge built? — build→built、過去受動was built。
- Q26. Where was the photo taken by the teacher? — photoを主語にし、行為者を残す。
- Q27. Why was the museum closed? — 行為者theyは不特定なので省略できる。
- Q28. How many invitations were sent by Hana? — invitations複数、were sent。
- Q29. Who was this wall painted by? — Who … by?／By whom …?が自然な別解。
- Q30. Where was the letter written? — 受動態はbe＋過去分詞。
- Q31. When was the new library opened? — 直接疑問はbe動詞を主語の前へ。
- Q32. When was the door repaired? — when＋was＋主語＋過去分詞。
読解Q33〜Q40の答え
- Q33. A wooden bridge. — The school record gave the year.
- Q34. When was the bridge built? — When＋was＋S＋past participle.
- Q35. Near the entrance. — The official record gave the position.
- Q36. No. — The original record did not identify the photographer.
- Q37. Forty. — The chart recorded forty invitations.
- Q38. No. — Invitations and attendance are different measures.
- Q39. The recipient of an invitation. — The invited person is the passive subject.
- Q40. The person who performed the invitation action. — Who is the agent and active subject.
失点タイプと7日間の復習
- did＋過去分詞にする：受動態はbe＋過去分詞。did＋原形は能動文の疑問で使う。
- was／wereを混同：疑問詞の後ろに置かれる主語が単数か複数かを確認。
- whoの役割：行為者を直接尋ねる能動と、受け手・行為者を尋ねる受動を区別。
- 未来受動：will be heldのbeを省略しない。
1日目はWhen／Where、2日目はWhoとby whom、3日目はWhat／How many、4日目は書き換えを各8問解きます。5日目は初見の学校建物史8問、6日目は能動疑問文から受動疑問文への変換を10組作り、7日目に40問を白紙で再テストします。
よくある質問
When did the bridge built?は正しいですか？
受動態ならWhen was the bridge built?です。
Who builtとWho was builtは同じですか？
違います。前者は建てた人、後者は受動態の主語となる対象についての問いになります。
Who was the map drawn by?は正しいですか？
口語的な受動態の疑問として自然です。By whom was the map drawn?も形式的な別表現です。
will be heldのbeは省略できますか？
できません。will＋be＋過去分詞で未来の受動態を作ります。
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2026年10月26日確認。独自40問と全解答、学校建物史の架空の英文は慶英会制作で、出版社・学校の問題の転載ではありません。