慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検準2級プラスの長文では、not until（〜するまで…ない）、only after（〜した後で初めて）、as soon as（〜するとすぐ）、even after（〜の後でさえ）を区別しましょう。「登録完了」と「利用開始の許可」、「修正済み」と「正式公開」を混同しない独自4長文24課題です。
対象：準2級プラスのReadingで開始条件・承認・時点を誤読しやすい中高生。以下の規則・事例は慶英会が独自に設定した架空の教材です。公式過去問でも実在の施設規則でもありません。
4つの時間・条件表現
| 表現 | 意味 | 注意 |
|---|---|---|
| not … until A | Aまで〜しない | それ以前にはできない |
| only after A | Aの後で初めて | Aの成立が必要 |
| as soon as A | Aするとすぐ | 前提を満たした後の行動 |
| even after A | Aの後でさえ | 残る制限や条件を見落とさない |
Only after the teacher approved the plan could the students begin.のようにonly afterが文頭に来ると、主節で倒置が起こる場合があります。語順だけでなく意味も確認してください。
4長文24課題の解き方
- どの行動に何の事前条件が必要か整理する。
- 3問の内容一致で現在の許可状態を判断する。
- 許可開始が最も早く成立する段階を説明する。
- 「申請した＝承認済み」とする誤文を訂正する。
- 重要表現を日本語に訳して語順も確認する。
独自長文1｜学校のロボット実演と安全点検
The school robotics club has prepared a new machine for its open day. Members can show visitors how the robot works, but they must not operate it until a technician finishes the safety inspection and a teacher approves the demonstration. The inspection is scheduled for two o’clock, although passing the inspection alone is not enough. Only after both the inspection and the teacher’s approval may the club switch on the robot. As soon as approval is given, the team can begin a short practice run. Even after this practice, the students must stop if the teacher notices a safety problem. The club has not yet announced a confirmed starting time for the public demonstration.
- What is required before the robot may be switched on?
- Only the scheduled inspection time
- Both inspection and teacher approval
- A registration email only
- A new poster
- Can the club operate the robot immediately at two?
- Yes, automatically
- Yes, without a teacher
- Not necessarily, because approval is also needed
- Only after public visitors arrive
- What can happen even after a practice run?
- The teacher may require the robot to stop
- The club must ignore all safety concerns
- The public demonstration is guaranteed
- Every visitor can use the controls
- 行動開始に必要な条件と最初に実行可能になる段階を説明する。
- 次の誤文を修正する：The club is allowed to operate the robot at two because the technician arrives then.
- 次の英文を和訳する：Only after both the inspection and the teacher’s approval may the club switch on the robot.
全文和訳・全6課題の正答・詳しい解説
【本文全文和訳】学校ロボットクラブは公開日のため新しい機器を準備した。しかし技術者の安全点検が終わり、教師の実演承認が出るまでは操作禁止。点検は2時の予定だが点検合格だけでは不十分で、両条件が満たされて初めて起動可能。承認後すぐ短い練習を始められるが、練習後も教師が安全問題を認めれば停止する。一般向け実演の開始時刻は未確定。
- B：Both inspection and teacher approval。only after both inspection and teacher approval。
- C：Not necessarily, because approval is also needed。two is inspection time, not automatic approval。
- A：The teacher may require the robot to stop。must stop if safety problem。
- The first permitted operation is after both safety inspection and explicit teacher approval.
- Two o’clock is the planned inspection time. Operation requires completed inspection and teacher approval.。許可・実施・日付の条件を本文と照合する。
- 点検と教師の承認の両方が完了した後で初めて、クラブはロボットの電源を入れることができる。
独自長文2｜博物館の写真資料と利用条件
A local museum allows students to view historical photographs in its reading room. However, students may not copy the photographs into a public online project until the museum checks the intended use and grants the relevant permission. Asking for permission does not mean that it has been granted. Once a student receives written approval for a particular photograph, that photograph may be included in the approved school project. Even after permission is granted, the student must follow any conditions written in the approval, such as crediting the museum. The museum explains that permission for one project does not automatically apply to another project or wider publication. Staff answer questions about the process at the information desk.
- What can students do without further copying permission?
- Republish every photo online
- View photographs in the reading room
- Sell copies of the photos
- Use every image for any website
- When may a photo be included in the specified school project?
- Immediately after a request is sent
- Only after the project is finished
- After written approval for that photo and use is received
- Whenever another student has permission
- What is still required even after approval?
- Following conditions such as crediting the museum
- Applying the same approval to every future project
- Removing all records of the source
- Avoiding the information desk
- 行動開始に必要な条件と最初に実行可能になる段階を説明する。
- 次の誤文を修正する：Sending a request grants students permission to reuse any museum photograph in all projects.
- 次の英文を和訳する：Permission for one project does not automatically apply to another project or wider publication.
全文和訳・全6課題の正答・詳しい解説
【本文全文和訳】地域博物館は閲覧室で歴史写真の閲覧を認める。しかし博物館が利用目的を確認して関連する許可を出すまで、公開オンライン作品への写真コピーは禁止。申請しただけで許可が出たことにはならない。特定写真の書面承認が届けば承認された学校課題には使えるが、許可後も博物館名表示などの条件に従う必要がある。ある課題での許可は別の課題や広い公開に自動適用されない。案内所が手続きを説明する。
- B：View photographs in the reading room。may view in reading room。
- C：After written approval for that photo and use is received。written approval particular photo。
- A：Following conditions such as crediting the museum。even after approval follow conditions。
- A particular photo may be used in its approved project only after the museum grants written permission; conditions still apply.
- A request alone gives no approval, and permission applies only to the specified photograph and use.。許可・実施・日付の条件を本文と照合する。
- 一つの課題への許可が、別の課題やより広い公開に自動で適用されるわけではない。
独自長文3｜町のシャトル体験利用
The town is preparing a free shuttle trial for residents who need transport to the community health center. Applicants must send a form by Friday, but sending it does not guarantee a place. The town will review requests and issue confirmations on Monday. Only after receiving confirmation may applicants reserve a particular departure. Even after a departure is reserved, passengers cannot board the shuttle before the trial begins the following Thursday. As soon as the trial opens, confirmed passengers may use the reserved service under the announced conditions. A second route is being considered, but it has not been approved and cannot be reserved. Applicants should not confuse application, confirmation, reservation, and the start of service.
- What happens on Monday?
- The shuttle immediately begins
- Applications are reviewed and confirmations issued
- A second route becomes available
- Every applicant boards a bus
- What can applicants do only after receiving confirmation?
- Ignore conditions
- Travel before the trial
- Reserve a particular departure
- Join an unapproved second route
- When does the trial actually begin?
- The following Thursday
- The previous Friday
- Monday morning
- Before anyone applies
- 行動開始に必要な条件と最初に実行可能になる段階を説明する。
- 次の誤文を修正する：A resident can take the free shuttle on Monday as soon as a confirmation email arrives.
- 次の英文を和訳する：Even after a departure is reserved, passengers cannot board the shuttle before the trial begins.
全文和訳・全6課題の正答・詳しい解説
【本文全文和訳】町は医療センターへ行く住民向け無料シャトルの試行を準備している。申込は金曜までだが提出だけでは枠は確定しない。町が審査し月曜に確認通知を出す。確認後に特定の便を予約できるが、予約しても試行開始の翌週木曜より前には乗車できない。開始後は確認済みの乗客が条件に従い予約便を利用可能。第2路線は検討中で未承認・予約不可。申込・確認・予約・運行開始は異なる。
- B：Applications are reviewed and confirmations issued。confirmations on Monday。
- C：Reserve a particular departure。only after confirmation reserve。
- A：The following Thursday。trial begins following Thursday。
- Use requires a reviewed application, confirmation, a reserved departure, and the trial’s official start.
- Monday confirmation allows departure reservations, but the trial service does not start until Thursday.。許可・実施・日付の条件を本文と照合する。
- 便を予約した後でも、試行が始まる前に乗客はシャトルに乗ることができない。
独自長文4｜学校新聞の原稿公開
A student newspaper team finished writing an article about a school science event. The students sent the first draft to their editor, but the article could not be printed until the editor had checked the quotations and the sources of several photographs. The writer corrected two sentences after receiving comments, and the photo sources were then verified. However, the editor still needed to approve the final layout. Only after the layout was approved could the printer receive the file. As soon as the approval email arrived, the team sent the approved version to the printer. Even after printing began, the newspaper could not be distributed before the school’s announced release day. The article was not available to readers on the day it was first submitted.
- What needed checking before printing?
- Only the writer’s name
- Quotations and photograph sources
- The bus timetable
- A museum ticket
- What additional approval was needed after corrections?
- Admission from visitors
- A new school building
- Approval of the final layout
- A science experiment
- When could the newspaper be distributed?
- Not before the announced release day
- Immediately upon first submission
- Whenever the writer wanted
- Before any printing started
- 行動開始に必要な条件と最初に実行可能になる段階を説明する。
- 次の誤文を修正する：The newspaper was published as soon as the writer submitted the first draft.
- 次の英文を和訳する：Only after the layout was approved could the printer receive the file.
全文和訳・全6課題の正答・詳しい解説
【本文全文和訳】学校新聞の生徒チームは理科行事の記事を書いた。初稿を編集者へ送ったが引用と写真出典の確認が完了するまで印刷不可。筆者は2文を訂正し写真の出典も確認されたが、最終レイアウトの承認がさらに必要だった。レイアウト承認後に初めて印刷所へ送付でき、承認メールが来ると即座に送った。印刷開始後も学校が発表した公開日より前の配布は禁止。初稿提出日に読者が入手できたわけではない。
- B：Quotations and photograph sources。quotations and sources。
- C：Approval of the final layout。editor needed approve final layout。
- A：Not before the announced release day。distribution after release day。
- Print submission required verified sources and final layout approval; distribution additionally required the announced release day.
- The draft required source checks and layout approval before printing, and distribution waited until the release day.。許可・実施・日付の条件を本文と照合する。
- レイアウトが承認された後で初めて、印刷所はファイルを受け取ることができた。
開始条件を見抜く復習
申請・確認・承認・予約・開始は異なる段階です。not untilは制限、only afterは前提、even afterは前提が満たされた後にも残る条件を表すことがあります。直前の一語だけで判断せず、誰が何をできるようになったのか確認してください。
FAQ
Q. not untilは「永遠にできない」ですか？
いいえ。特定の時点や条件が満たされるまではできないという意味です。
Q. only afterの後はいつも倒置ですか？
only afterで始まる副詞句を文頭に置くと、主節で助動詞と主語が倒置されることがあります。文中の通常語順と比較して練習してください。
関連教材
長文の条件と行動開始の順序を確認したい場合は、慶英会の最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご利用ください。
公式参考情報
日本英語検定協会｜準2級プラス試験内容。独自4長文24課題と全文和訳・解答解説は慶英会制作です。
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する