慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検準2級プラスの仕事・買い物・地域経済の説明文に出るproducer（生産者）・supplier（納入業者）・retailer（小売業者）・consumer（消費者）は、商品の流れを理解するために重要です。作る→運ぶ・納める→販売する→買う・使うという代表的な役割を、慶英会の独自40問（語句8・長文4題32問）で学びます。納品の遅れや在庫の不足、直販の場合も扱い、全解答・全文和訳付きです。
結論｜4つの役割は取引の位置が違う
- producer：製品や農産物などを作る生産者。
- supplier：店・学校・企業などへ品物を納入する業者。
- retailer：消費者へ直接商品を売る小売業者。
- consumer：品物を購入したり使ったりする消費者。
- supply chain：生産から購入者に届くまでの流れ。事業によって中間業者の有無や順序は異なる。
生産者が直接消費者へ売る場合もあるので、必ず独立した業者が4社いるわけではありません。長文では誰が何個生産したか・何個届いたか・何個在庫があるかを別々に読み取ります。
準2級プラスの公式出題形式
英検協会による準2級プラスReadingは短文語句空所補充17問、長文語句空所補充6問、内容一致8問で、仕事・買い物・地域社会も題材です。公式試験内容。本記事は慶英会独自の練習教材です。
Part 1｜流通・在庫の語彙8問
問1
A company that makes goods is a ___.
問1｜正解・語法・和訳
正解：producer。生産者。
和訳：物を生産する会社はproducerだ。
問2
A business delivering goods to a shop is its ___.
問2｜正解・語法・和訳
正解：supplier。納入業者。
和訳：店に品物を納める企業はsupplierだ。
問3
A shop selling products directly to shoppers is a ___.
問3｜正解・語法・和訳
正解：retailer。小売業者。
和訳：商品を買物客へ直接売る店はretailerだ。
問4
A person buying or using a product is a ___.
問4｜正解・語法・和訳
正解：consumer。消費者。
和訳：商品を買い使う人はconsumerだ。
問5
The movement of products from production to buyers is part of a supply ___.
問5｜正解・語法・和訳
正解：chain。供給のつながり。
和訳：生産から購入者へ商品が動く過程はサプライチェーンの一部だ。
問6
A shop’s available products are its ___.
問6｜正解・語法・和訳
正解：stock。在庫。
和訳：店にある販売可能な商品は在庫だ。
問7
When goods are brought to the receiving store, the event is a ___.
問7｜正解・語法・和訳
正解：delivery。納品。
和訳：品物が受取店に運ばれることをdeliveryという。
問8
A buyer may compare the price and ___ of a product.
問8｜正解・語法・和訳
正解：quality。品質。
和訳：購入者は製品の価格と品質を比較する場合がある。
Part 2｜生産・納品・販売の4長文32問
発注数量と受取数量が違う場合や、交換品を納入業者が手配する場合を本文の根拠から判断してください。
長文1｜地域のパン販売｜生産者から小売店へ
Reading passage（慶英会オリジナル）
A family bakery produced bread for several neighborhood shops. The bakery was the producer, while a local distribution business delivered the bread as a supplier. One small shop sold the products directly to customers, so it acted as a retailer. On Monday, the bakery produced one hundred loaves for the shop, but the delivery truck could carry only eighty because of a mechanical problem. The shop received eighty loaves and informed customers that the remaining twenty would arrive later. The shop did not say that the bakery had produced only eighty. A customer asked whether the retailer and producer were the same business. The manager explained that they had different roles in this arrangement, although in other businesses a producer may also sell directly to consumers. The shop kept track of its stock and promised to update its information once the rest of the delivery arrived.
問9. Who produced the bread?
A. The distribution company ／ B. The family bakery ／ C. The customers ／ D. The retail shop’s landlord
問9｜正解・本文根拠
正解：B. The family bakery
bakery was producer。
問10. Who delivered the bread?
A. Consumers ／ B. School teachers ／ C. The supplier business ／ D. The local museum
問10｜正解・本文根拠
正解：C. The supplier business
distribution business delivered as supplier。
問11. Which business sold to customers directly?
A. The retailer shop ／ B. The delivery truck ／ C. The bakery’s bank ／ D. A school
問11｜正解・本文根拠
正解：A. The retailer shop
small shop acted as retailer。
問12. How many loaves were produced?
A. 20 ／ B. 80 ／ C. 90 ／ D. 100
問12｜正解・本文根拠
正解：D. 100
produced one hundred。
問13. How many loaves arrived in the first delivery?
A. 100 ／ B. 80 ／ C. 20 ／ D. 120
問13｜正解・本文根拠
正解：B. 80
shop received eighty。
問14. How many loaves were delayed?
A. 80 ／ B. 100 ／ C. 20 ／ D. 40
問14｜正解・本文根拠
正解：C. 20
remaining twenty later。
問15. Why was the first delivery incomplete?
A. The truck had a mechanical problem ／ B. Customers canceled all orders ／ C. Only eighty were baked ／ D. The shop was closed
問15｜正解・本文根拠
正解：A. The truck had a mechanical problem
truck could carry eighty due mechanical problem。
問16. Can a producer sometimes sell directly to consumers?
A. Never ／ B. Only through a supplier ／ C. Only overseas ／ D. Yes
問16｜正解・本文根拠
正解：D. Yes
producer may also sell directly。
長文1｜全文和訳
家族経営のパン工房は地域の数店舗向けにパンを生産した。工房が生産者で、地域の配送会社が納入業者としてパンを運んだ。小さな店は顧客に直接販売する小売店だった。月曜に工房は100個作ったが、トラックの機械トラブルで80個しか運べなかった。店は80個を受け取り、残り20個は後で届くと案内した。生産数が80個だったとは説明していない。小売店と生産者は同じかという質問に、店長はこの取引では別の役割だが、別の事業では生産者が直接消費者に売る場合もあると答えた。在庫を記録し、残りが届いたら情報を更新する予定だった。
長文2｜学校の理科教材｜発注と納入を区別
Reading passage（慶英会オリジナル）
A school ordered thirty simple microscope kits for a science club. A manufacturer produced the kits, and a separate supplier received the school’s order and arranged delivery. The school did not buy the kits from a neighborhood retail shop. The supplier initially confirmed that all thirty kits would arrive on Friday. However, a shipment problem delayed ten kits. The school received twenty on Friday and the remaining ten the following Tuesday. Students could begin some activities using the twenty kits, but the teacher did not claim that all thirty had been delivered. After the second shipment, the science teacher checked the kits and found that one piece was damaged. The supplier agreed to send a replacement part. The school explained that a delivery delay and a product defect were separate problems requiring different actions.
問17. How many microscope kits were ordered?
A. 20 ／ B. 30 ／ C. 10 ／ D. 40
問17｜正解・本文根拠
正解：B. 30
ordered thirty kits。
問18. Who manufactured the kits?
A. The students ／ B. The science teacher ／ C. A manufacturer ／ D. A retail bookshop
問18｜正解・本文根拠
正解：C. A manufacturer
manufacturer produced kits。
問19. Which organization arranged delivery?
A. A separate supplier ／ B. The school library ／ C. A local bus company ／ D. A museum visitor
問19｜正解・本文根拠
正解：A. A separate supplier
supplier arranged delivery。
問20. How many arrived on Friday?
A. 10 ／ B. 15 ／ C. 30 ／ D. 20
問20｜正解・本文根拠
正解：D. 20
received twenty on Friday。
問21. When did the remaining ten arrive?
A. The same Friday ／ B. The following Tuesday ／ C. One month later ／ D. Never
問21｜正解・本文根拠
正解：B. The following Tuesday
remaining ten following Tuesday。
問22. What did the teacher avoid claiming?
A. That twenty kits arrived ／ B. That some activities could start ／ C. That all thirty arrived on Friday ／ D. That the order had thirty kits
問22｜正解・本文根拠
正解：C. That all thirty arrived on Friday
did not claim all thirty delivered。
問23. What problem was found after the second shipment?
A. A damaged part ／ B. No packaging at all ／ C. A missing school bus ／ D. A canceled science club
問23｜正解・本文根拠
正解：A. A damaged part
one piece damaged。
問24. What did the supplier agree to send?
A. A new teacher ／ B. A refund for every product ／ C. A library ticket ／ D. A replacement part
問24｜正解・本文根拠
正解：D. A replacement part
agreed send replacement part。
長文2｜全文和訳
学校は理科部向けに顕微鏡キット30個を注文した。製造業者が作り、別の納入業者が注文を受けて配送した。近隣の小売店から買ったわけではない。当初は30個すべて金曜納品予定だったが、発送の問題で10個が遅れた。金曜に20個、翌火曜に残り10個が到着した。生徒は最初の20個で一部活動を始められたが、先生は30個全部が届いたとは言わなかった。2回目の納品後に点検すると一つの部品に損傷があり、納入業者が交換部品を送ると同意した。納品遅延と不良品は別の問題で、対応も異なると学校は説明した。
長文3｜地域の野菜販売｜卸売と直販の両方
Reading passage（慶英会オリジナル）
A farming cooperative grew vegetables and sold them through two different channels. Some vegetables went to a supplier that distributed them to small retailers. Other vegetables were sold directly to consumers at a weekend market. The cooperative therefore acted as a producer in both cases and as a seller to consumers at the market. A student studying supply chains asked whether every producer needed a separate supplier. The cooperative manager explained that the answer was no. The manager also said that retail prices could differ from wholesale prices because transport, storage and shop costs had to be considered. The group did not promise that all direct-market prices would always be lower. During one week, bad weather reduced the amount harvested. The cooperative informed its business customers about the smaller supply rather than pretending that all orders could be fulfilled without changes.
問25. What did the cooperative produce?
A. Books ／ B. Vegetables ／ C. Microscopes ／ D. Train tickets
問25｜正解・本文根拠
正解：B. Vegetables
grew vegetables。
問26. What did a supplier do?
A. Organized school exams ／ B. Operated the museum ／ C. Distributed vegetables to retailers ／ D. Bought every product for personal use
問26｜正解・本文根拠
正解：C. Distributed vegetables to retailers
supplier distributed to retailers。
問27. Where were some goods sold directly?
A. At a weekend market ／ B. At an airport ／ C. Inside a library ／ D. At a school gym
問27｜正解・本文根拠
正解：A. At a weekend market
sold directly at weekend market。
問28. Did the producer always need a separate supplier?
A. Yes ／ B. Only for schools ／ C. Only for vegetables in winter ／ D. No
問28｜正解・本文根拠
正解：D. No
answer was no。
問29. Why might retail and wholesale prices differ?
A. All buyers are students ／ B. Transport, storage and shop costs ／ C. Every item is imported ／ D. All products have the same costs
問29｜正解・本文根拠
正解：B. Transport, storage and shop costs
transport storage shop costs。
問30. Were direct-market prices guaranteed lower?
A. Yes, always ／ B. Only if the weather was sunny ／ C. No ／ D. Only for wholesalers
問30｜正解・本文根拠
正解：C. No
did not promise always lower。
問31. What reduced the harvest?
A. Bad weather ／ B. A website error ／ C. A broken library printer ／ D. A school closure
問31｜正解・本文根拠
正解：A. Bad weather
bad weather reduced amount harvested。
問32. What did the cooperative do about reduced supply?
A. Hide it from business buyers ／ B. Pretend every order was unaffected ／ C. Cancel all future farming ／ D. Inform business customers
問32｜正解・本文根拠
正解：D. Inform business customers
informed business customers。
長文3｜全文和訳
農業組合は野菜を育て、二つの経路で販売した。一部は納入業者へ渡り小売店へ配られ、別の野菜は週末市場で消費者へ直接売られた。したがって組合は両方で生産者であり、市場では消費者への販売者でもある。すべての生産者に別の納入業者が必要かとの生徒の質問に、管理者は不要と答えた。また運送・保存・店の費用により小売価格と卸価格は異なり得るが、直販が常に安いとは約束しなかった。ある週は悪天候で収穫が減り、組合はすべての注文を変わらず満たせると装わず、取引先に供給減を連絡した。
長文4｜電子機器の販売｜在庫と交換品の経路
Reading passage（慶英会オリジナル）
A local retailer sold small digital recorders for language learners. The recorders were made by a producer and supplied to the retailer through a distribution company. One customer purchased a recorder and discovered that a button did not work. The retailer checked the sales receipt and contacted the supplier about a replacement. The supplier agreed to arrange a new unit after confirming the product details with the producer. The retailer did not claim that every recorder in stock was defective. While the replacement was being prepared, the retailer still had five working units available for other customers. A student studying business English initially thought the word ‘supplier’ meant the same as ‘consumer.’ The store manager explained that the supplier provides goods to a business, whereas the consumer buys or uses the goods. The replacement arrived later, and the customer was contacted to arrange collection.
問33. Who made the recorders?
A. The customers ／ B. The producer ／ C. The library ／ D. A language teacher
問33｜正解・本文根拠
正解：B. The producer
made by a producer。
問34. Who supplied them to the store?
A. The end user ／ B. The store’s landlord ／ C. A distribution company ／ D. A bus service
問34｜正解・本文根拠
正解：C. A distribution company
supplied through a distribution company。
問35. What problem did one customer report?
A. A button did not work ／ B. The store was closed ／ C. The recorder was stolen ／ D. The battery was too large
問35｜正解・本文根拠
正解：A. A button did not work
button did not work。
問36. What document did the retailer check?
A. A school timetable ／ B. A museum map ／ C. A science report ／ D. The sales receipt
問36｜正解・本文根拠
正解：D. The sales receipt
checked sales receipt。
問37. Who was contacted about replacement?
A. All customers ／ B. The supplier ／ C. The student’s school ／ D. The railway station
問37｜正解・本文根拠
正解：B. The supplier
contacted supplier。
問38. How many working units remained for other customers?
A. Zero ／ B. Ten ／ C. Five ／ D. Twenty
問38｜正解・本文根拠
正解：C. Five
five working units available。
問39. Did the retailer claim all stock was defective?
A. No ／ B. Yes ／ C. Only on Mondays ／ D. Only for older models
問39｜正解・本文根拠
正解：A. No
did not claim every recorder defective。
問40. What happened when the replacement arrived?
A. The store canceled every order ／ B. The customer was charged double automatically ／ C. The product was given to a stranger ／ D. The customer was contacted to arrange collection
問40｜正解・本文根拠
正解：D. The customer was contacted to arrange collection
customer contacted to arrange collection。
長文4｜全文和訳
地域の小売店は語学学習者向けの小型録音機を売っていた。製造業者が作り、配送会社が小売店へ納入していた。ある客が買った録音機のボタンが動かなかったため、店は領収書を確認し納入業者へ交換を相談した。納入業者は製造業者と製品情報を確認した後で新品を手配すると同意した。店は在庫のすべての録音機が不良品だとは主張せず、交換の準備中もほかの客向けの動く製品が5台残っていた。supplierとconsumerが同じだと思う生徒に、店長は納入業者は店へ品物を提供し、消費者は品物を買ったり使ったりすると説明した。交換品が後に届き、客には受取調整の連絡があった。
復習｜数量と役割の両方を整理
- producer、supplier、retailer、consumerを自分の例文で1つずつ使う。
- 生産数・初回納品数・未納数を計算し、どの数字かを説明する。
- 直販の場合には生産者が小売の役割も担うことがあると理解する。
- 不良品が1台でも全在庫が不良とは断定しない。
- 翌日と一週間後に32問を再演習し、誤答がどの主体を入れ替えたか確認する。
FAQ
producerとsupplierは同じですか？
必ずしも同じではありません。生産者は製品を作り、納入業者は商品を取引先へ提供します。同じ企業が両方を担うこともあります。
retailerとconsumerの違いは？
retailerは消費者へ販売する小売業者、consumerは商品を買ったり使ったりする人です。
生産数と納品数はいつも同じですか？
いいえ。輸送・在庫・注文条件などによって異なる場合があります。長文にある具体的な数字を確認します。
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する