慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検準2級プラスの長文で mainly・mostly・partly・generally を見落とすと、「主な対象」を「全員」、「一部の原因」を「唯一の原因」と読み違えます。慶英会では4語を主題・割合・原因・一般的傾向に整理し、独自40課題（短文12問、書き換え12問、長文4題16問）を全解答・全文和訳付きで無料公開します。英検協会の公式問題の転載ではありません。
結論｜4語の意味と使い分け
- mainly：主に。人・活動の中心的な目的や対象を表す。例：The project is mainly for teenagers.（主に10代向け）
- mostly：大部分は、ほとんど。全体に占める割合が大きいこと。例：The participants were mostly students.（大部分が生徒）
- partly：部分的に、一部は。複数の原因や一部分だけへの言及。例：The delay was partly caused by rain.（遅れの一因が雨）
- generally：一般に、通常は、概して。例外を認めながら傾向を表す。例：The route is generally safe.（通常は安全）
mainly と mostly は実際の用法で重なることもあります。強制的に一語ずつ置き換えるのではなく、中心となる目的なのか、人数や物の割合なのかという読みの焦点を捉えましょう。partly は原因の一部を表し、generally は例外を認める傾向を示します。
英検準2級プラスReadingで重要な理由
英検準2級プラスReadingは短文語句空所補充17問・長文語句空所補充6問・長文内容一致8問です。日本英語検定協会の試験内容に基づき、説明文の「全部と大部分」「一つの原因と全原因」「傾向と必然」を見分ける独自練習を作成しました。
Part 1｜短文4択12問
空所の前後で、中心・割合・部分・一般的傾向のどれを示すのか判断してください。
第1問
Q1. The museum’s program was organized ___ for families with children, although anyone could join.
A. mainly ／ B. never ／ C. exactly ／ D. already
Q1 正解・全文和訳
正解：A. mainly。mainly for families＝主な対象が家庭であること。一般参加が不可能とは書かれていない。
和訳：博物館の企画は誰でも参加できたが、主に子どものいる家庭向けに組まれた。
第2問
Q2. Of the 30 people at the workshop, 27 were local residents. The participants were ___ local people.
A. partly ／ B. mostly ／ C. never ／ D. equally
Q2 正解・全文和訳
正解：B. mostly。mostly＝大部分。27/30は90％で「全員」ではない。
和訳：講習の30人のうち27人は地域住民だった。参加者の大部分は地元の人だった。
第3問
Q3. The garden’s success was ___ due to volunteers, but the town’s financial support also mattered.
A. completely ／ B. never ／ C. partly ／ D. always
Q3 正解・全文和訳
正解：C. partly。partly due to＝一部は～による。単一の原因を断定しない。
和訳：菜園の成果は一部ボランティアのおかげだが、町の資金援助も重要だった。
第4問
Q4. The river is ___ safe for walking beside, but the path can flood after heavy rain.
A. entirely ／ B. only ／ C. never ／ D. generally
Q4 正解・全文和訳
正解：D. generally。generally＝通常は、概して。例外が明示されている。
和訳：川沿いは通常歩いても安全だが、大雨の後には道が浸水することがある。
第5問
Q5. The speaker talked ___ about how students could reduce food waste, rather than about farming technology.
A. mainly ／ B. equally ／ C. rarely ／ D. hardly
Q5 正解・全文和訳
正解：A. mainly。mainly about＝話の中心。
和訳：講演者は農業技術ではなく、生徒が食品ロスを減らす方法を主に話した。
第6問
Q6. Eighteen of the twenty computers were working. The computers were ___ in good condition.
A. never ／ B. mostly ／ C. only ／ D. partly not
Q6 正解・全文和訳
正解：B. mostly。mostly in good condition＝大部分が使える。「全て」とは異なる。
和訳：20台のうち18台が動いていた。大部分のコンピューターは良好な状態だった。
第7問
Q7. The higher visitor count was ___ explained by a festival, since better weather may also have contributed.
A. entirely ／ B. never ／ C. partly ／ D. always
Q7 正解・全文和訳
正解：C. partly。partly explained by＝複数の原因のうち一部。
和訳：来訪者数の増加は祭りによって一部説明できたが、好天も影響した可能性がある。
第8問
Q8. Students ___ use the library after class, although it sometimes closes early for events.
A. never ／ B. exactly ／ C. entirely ／ D. generally
Q8 正解・全文和訳
正解：D. generally。generally use＝通常利用する。例外を許す。
和訳：生徒は普段放課後に図書館を利用するが、行事のため早く閉まることもある。
第9問
Q9. The article focuses ___ on the effect of reusable bottles on daily plastic waste.
A. mainly ／ B. partly not ／ C. not yet ／ D. no longer
Q9 正解・全文和訳
正解：A. mainly。focus mainly on＝焦点・主題の中心を示す。
和訳：この記事は再利用ボトルが日常のプラスチックごみに与える影響を中心に扱う。
第10問
Q10. Twenty-four of the twenty-five forms had been completed, so the forms were ___ ready.
A. entirely ／ B. mostly ／ C. never ／ D. equally
Q10 正解・全文和訳
正解：B. mostly。mostly ready＝ほとんど準備済みだが完了ではない。
和訳：25枚のうち24枚が完成していたため、書類は大部分が準備できていた。
第11問
Q11. The delay was ___ caused by the rain, but a shortage of staff also affected the schedule.
A. completely ／ B. certainly only ／ C. partly ／ D. never
Q11 正解・全文和訳
正解：C. partly。partly caused＝単一原因ではない。
和訳：遅れは一部雨が原因だったが、人手不足も日程に影響した。
第12問
Q12. The bus service is ___ reliable on weekdays, though unexpected road closures cause occasional delays.
A. never ／ B. entirely ／ C. exactly ／ D. generally
Q12 正解・全文和訳
正解：D. generally。generally reliable＝例外はあっても通常信頼できる。
和訳：バスは平日は概して信頼できるが、予期しない通行止めで時折遅れる。
Part 2｜英文書き換え12問
指定語を用い、元の文が言っている範囲を強く言い換えすぎないようにしてください。模範答案は一例です。
第13問
Q13. The main focus of the lecture was water conservation. Use mainly.
Q13 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The lecture was mainly about water conservation.
和訳：講義では水の節約が主な話題だった。
解説：mainly aboutで主要な話題を示す。
第14問
Q14. Nineteen of the twenty chairs were undamaged. Use mostly.
Q14 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The chairs were mostly undamaged.
和訳：20脚のうち19脚は無傷で、椅子は大部分が傷んでいなかった。
解説：mostly は全てを意味しない。
第15問
Q15. The change happened because of rain and several other reasons. Use partly.
Q15 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The change happened partly because of rain.
和訳：変更は一部雨が理由だった。
解説：partly because of は原因の一部だけを示す。
第16問
Q16. In most situations, the path can be used safely, but storms are an exception. Use generally.
Q16 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The path is generally safe to use, but storms are an exception.
和訳：通常は道を安全に使えるが嵐のときは例外だ。
解説：generally safe は例外を許す一般的傾向。
第17問
Q17. The primary purpose of the club is to support reading. Use mainly.
Q17 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The club was created mainly to support reading.
和訳：クラブは主に読書を支えるため設立された。
解説：mainly to do は主要目的を示す。
第18問
Q18. Almost all of the returned books were in good condition. Use mostly.
Q18 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The returned books were mostly in good condition.
和訳：返却本は大部分が良い状態だった。
解説：mostly in … condition。
第19問
Q19. The increase was caused by both better signs and other changes. Use partly.
Q19 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The increase was partly caused by better signs.
和訳：増加は一部、案内標識の改善によるものだった。
解説：partly caused by は原因を限定する。
第20問
Q20. Usually the workshop finishes at four, but occasionally it runs late. Use generally.
Q20 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The workshop generally finishes at four, but it occasionally runs late.
和訳：講習は通常4時に終わるが時々延長する。
解説：generally は通常の傾向。
第21問
Q21. The exhibition concentrates on traditional methods of communication. Use mainly.
Q21 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The exhibition is mainly about traditional methods of communication.
和訳：展示は伝統的な伝達方法が中心だ。
解説：主なテーマをmainly aboutで示す。
第22問
Q22. Twenty-eight of the thirty visitors were students. Use mostly.
Q22 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The visitors were mostly students.
和訳：30人のうち28人は生徒で、大部分は生徒だった。
解説：数量に基づき全員とは言わない。
第23問
Q23. Funding from residents helped, but funding from businesses also helped. Use partly.
Q23 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：The project was partly funded by residents.
和訳：事業資金の一部は住民から出た。
解説：partly funded by は一部資金源を示す。
第24問
Q24. As a rule, classes begin on time, although transport problems cause some delays. Use generally.
Q24 模範答案・和訳・解説
模範解答：Classes generally begin on time, although transport problems cause some delays.
和訳：授業は概して時間通りだが交通事情で遅れる場合がある。
解説：generally は規則的傾向で必然とは違う。
Part 3｜独自長文4題・内容一致16問
文章全体から、誰が主な対象なのか、どれくらい多いのか、原因の何割まで説明できるのか、どんな例外があるかを読み取ってください。
長文A｜地域の学習会参加者を分析する
Reading：A community center ran a series of study sessions for teenagers. The program was mainly designed for students preparing for school exams, but it was also open to young people interested in local history. During the first week, thirty people joined. Twenty-six were preparing for school tests, and four attended for other reasons. The group was therefore mostly made up of students studying for exams, but not entirely.
Organizers asked whether the sessions were useful. Many students enjoyed the quiet study space, while several said the schedule was inconvenient. The center realized that low attendance at some sessions was partly related to the timetable, but transport difficulties and club activities might also have played a role.
The manager said that study sessions were generally helpful for participants, yet it was too early to claim that test scores had improved. The center planned to ask students again after the next examination period.
Q25. Who was the program mainly designed for?
A. Students preparing for school examinations ／ B. All adult workers ／ C. People studying only local history ／ D. Only teachers
Q25 正解・本文根拠
正解：A. Students preparing for school examinations。mainly designed for students preparing for school exams。
Q26. Which statement about participants is accurate?
A. Every participant was preparing for exams ／ B. Most, but not all, were preparing for exams ／ C. No students attended ／ D. Exactly half were preparing for exams
Q26 正解・本文根拠
正解：B. Most, but not all, were preparing for exams。30人中26人で大部分だが全員ではない。
Q27. What was partly responsible for low attendance at some sessions?
A. A confirmed improvement in test scores ／ B. The cancellation of every session ／ C. An inconvenient timetable ／ D. A lack of exam questions
Q27 正解・本文根拠
正解：C. An inconvenient timetable。partly related to the timetable と記される。
Q28. What did the manager avoid claiming?
A. Some students valued the room ／ B. Transport might affect attendance ／ C. The club was open to other interests ／ D. The sessions had already raised test scores
Q28 正解・本文根拠
正解：D. The sessions had already raised test scores。試験結果はまだ確認できていない。
長文A｜地域の学習会参加者を分析する｜全文和訳
地域センターは10代の学習会を開いた。主な対象は学校試験に備える生徒だったが、地域史に関心のある若者にも開放した。初週の30人のうち26人は試験勉強、4人は別の理由で参加したため、参加者の大部分は試験勉強の生徒だが全員ではなかった。静かな環境を評価する人が多い一方、時間割が不便という意見もあった。一部の回の参加者が少ない原因は日程だけでなく交通や部活も関係し得た。学習会は概して有用そうだが、試験成績が改善したと主張するには早く、次の試験後に再調査する予定だった。
長文B｜町の夏の給水設備
Reading：A town installed water refill stations at several public parks. The project was mainly intended to make drinking water easier to access during hot weather. During the first month, nearly all stations were used regularly, though one location received very few visitors. The staff described the system as mostly successful but did not say that every station was equally popular.
Some residents reported that a station near the sports field was difficult to reach for wheelchair users. Engineers adjusted the approach to that location. Staff also found that differences in use were partly caused by the number of visitors, but opening hours and nearby activities could affect demand as well.
The town explained that refill stations were generally useful during summer, although they needed regular cleaning and inspection. The project team planned to measure water use and maintenance costs over a longer period before deciding where to place more stations.
Q29. What was the main purpose of the project?
A. To sell sports equipment ／ B. To improve access to drinking water in hot weather ／ C. To close all public parks ／ D. To replace nearby libraries
Q29 正解・本文根拠
正解：B. To improve access to drinking water in hot weather。mainly intended to make drinking water easier to access。
Q30. What did ‘mostly successful’ NOT mean?
A. Almost all stations were used ／ B. One station had few users ／ C. Every station was equally popular ／ D. Staff considered the first month encouraging
Q30 正解・本文根拠
正解：C. Every station was equally popular。全て同じ人気とは明示的に否定。
Q31. Which access problem was reported?
A. A station was hard for wheelchair users to reach ／ B. Every station was closed ／ C. No parks had water ／ D. There were no sports fields
Q31 正解・本文根拠
正解：A. A station was hard for wheelchair users to reach。near sports field difficult for wheelchair users。
Q32. Which conclusion is supported?
A. Visitor numbers were the only possible cause ／ B. No maintenance was required ／ C. Summer use would be identical everywhere ／ D. Several factors might explain differences in use
Q32 正解・本文根拠
正解：D. Several factors might explain differences in use。visitor numbersだけでなくhours, activitiesも要因となり得る。
長文B｜町の夏の給水設備｜全文和訳
町は暑い時期に飲料水を利用しやすくすることを主目的に、公園に給水設備を設けた。初月はほぼ全ての設備が継続的に利用されたが、利用者が非常に少ない場所も一つあり、全設備が同じ人気とは言わず大部分では成功と表現した。運動場近くの設備は車いす利用者が近づきにくいという声があり、進入路を改善した。利用差の原因の一部は来訪者数だが、開館時間や周辺活動も影響した可能性がある。給水設備は夏に概して有益だが定期清掃と点検が必要で、増設前に水量と維持費を長期的に測る計画となった。
長文C｜科学教材の紙とデジタル
Reading：A group of teachers developed new science materials for schools with limited equipment. The lessons mainly focused on simple observations students could perform using everyday objects. Most teachers preferred the digital version because they could update diagrams quickly. However, some schools had unreliable internet connections and needed printed copies.
During a trial, the digital lessons were mostly completed on schedule, although some classes needed additional time. The teachers asked whether the delays were partly caused by limited internet access. They learned that internet problems were one reason, but unfamiliar instructions also slowed several classes.
The team concluded that the materials were generally suitable for different schools if both printed and digital options remained available. It did not claim that one version worked best for everyone. Before publishing a revised edition, the teachers asked pupils and parents to review the instructions and report confusing examples.
Q33. What did the lessons mainly focus on?
A. Expensive laboratory machines ／ B. Overseas travel ／ C. Simple experiments with everyday objects ／ D. Advanced university examinations
Q33 正解・本文根拠
正解：C. Simple experiments with everyday objects。mainly focused on simple observations … everyday objects。
Q34. Why did some schools need printed copies?
A. Some had unreliable internet connections ／ B. No teacher liked digital materials ／ C. Printed copies were compulsory for every school ／ D. Digital diagrams could not be changed
Q34 正解・本文根拠
正解：A. Some had unreliable internet connections。unreliable internet connections のため。
Q35. What else contributed to delays besides internet access?
A. The complete cancellation of lessons ／ B. Unfamiliar instructions ／ C. A shortage of school buses ／ D. A lack of science subjects
Q35 正解・本文根拠
正解：B. Unfamiliar instructions。unfamiliar instructions also slowed classes。
Q36. Which statement best reflects the team’s conclusion?
A. Digital materials are always superior ／ B. Printed materials should be removed ／ C. No school can use the lessons ／ D. Both formats could serve different needs
Q36 正解・本文根拠
正解：D. Both formats could serve different needs。both printed and digital options should remain available。
長文C｜科学教材の紙とデジタル｜全文和訳
教師たちは機材が少ない学校向けに、日用品でできる観察を中心とする理科教材を作った。教師の多くは図をすぐ更新できるデジタル版を好んだが、ネット接続が不安定な学校には印刷版も必要だった。試行ではデジタル授業は大部分が予定通りに終わったが一部のクラスで追加時間が必要となった。遅れの一部はネットによるものだったが、説明が不慣れなことも影響した。両形式があれば概して多様な学校に適するという判断になったが、全員に最適な一形式があるとは主張せず、改訂前に生徒と保護者の意見も聞いた。
長文D｜地域図書館の開館時間
Reading：A town extended the opening hours of its library on two evenings each week. The change was mainly intended to help people who worked during the day. In the first six weeks, most evening visitors were adults, but a smaller number of secondary school students also used the library.
Feedback was generally positive. Many visitors said they appreciated the additional hours, while others mentioned that buses were less frequent in the evening. Staff found that the increase in visitors was partly connected to the new schedule, but a nearby exhibition had also attracted people to the area.
The library’s director wanted to continue the trial but did not assume that more visitors automatically meant the program was financially sustainable. Electricity, staffing, transport access and the needs of people who did not attend also had to be considered. The council planned to review the data after another two months.
Q37. Who was the extension mainly meant to help?
A. Only school teachers ／ B. People who work during the day ／ C. Only tourists visiting an exhibition ／ D. Library staff who live nearby
Q37 正解・本文根拠
正解：B. People who work during the day。mainly intended to help people who worked during the day。
Q38. What does the text say about evening visitors?
A. Every visitor was an adult ／ B. No students visited ／ C. Most were adults, with some secondary school students ／ D. Most were tourists
Q38 正解・本文根拠
正解：C. Most were adults, with some secondary school students。most adults, smaller number of secondary school students。
Q39. What other event might have affected visitor numbers?
A. A nearby exhibition ／ B. A canceled school examination ／ C. A national sports competition abroad ／ D. The opening of a new railway
Q39 正解・本文根拠
正解：A. A nearby exhibition。nearby exhibition had attracted people。
Q40. What did the director avoid assuming?
A. Some visitors liked the hours ／ B. Evening buses were less frequent ／ C. Staffing costs existed ／ D. More visitors alone proved financial sustainability
Q40 正解・本文根拠
正解：D. More visitors alone proved financial sustainability。more visitors alone では financial sustainability の証拠とはならない。
長文D｜地域図書館の開館時間｜全文和訳
町は図書館の開館時間を週2回の夕方に延長した。昼間働く人を助けるのが主目的で、初めの6週間では夜間来館者の大部分は大人だが中高生も少数利用した。感想は概して好意的だった一方、夜はバスが少ないとの声もあった。来訪者増の一部は新時間帯によるが、近くの展示会の影響もあり得た。館長は試行継続を望んだが、来訪者増だけで財務的に持続可能とは考えず、電力・人員・交通・不参加者のニーズも考慮し、さらに2か月後に見直す予定だった。
この4語で間違えやすい選択肢
- The program is mainly for students. → 「生徒以外は参加できない」とは限らない。
- The users were mostly adults. → 「すべて大人」という意味ではない。
- The delay was partly caused by rain. → 雨だけが原因だと断定しない。
- The route is generally safe. → どんな天候でも安全という意味ではない。
3日間の復習
当日は間違えた短文の語を辞書で確認し、翌日は書き換え12問を解答を見ずに書き直し、3日後には長文4題を読み直して、断定を強めた誤答選択肢を説明してください。英検の内容一致では、数値だけでなく情報の強さを正確に読むことが必要です。
よくある質問
Q. mostly と mainly は完全に区別できますか？
文脈によって両方使える場合もあります。mostly は「大部分」の意味が中心で、mainly は主要な目的・理由・対象に焦点を当てる場合に便利です。無理に絶対的な規則として覚えないでください。
Q. generally は always と同じですか？
違います。generally は通常の傾向を表し、例外を認めます。always は常にという強い表現なので、本文が generally のときに always の選択肢へ置き換えないようにしましょう。
関連する無料教材
慶英会の個別指導・無料体験
続けて学ぶ無料教材：infer・assume・conclude・suggest｜仮説と推論の40問。慶英会の独自問題で、根拠を確かめながら英語の意味の違いを練習できます。
関連する慶英会の無料教材：common・typical・usual・ordinary｜一般性と典型性を読む40問。独自の長文・英文書き換えで語句の使い分けを確認できます。
準2級プラスの内容一致で「大部分」や「一部」という限定を読み落とす場合は、読みの根拠を具体的に確認する練習が役立ちます。慶英会の最大1か月無料体験・学習相談からお問い合わせください。
最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談受付中
最大1か月の完全無料体験をご案内
学校教材・学力・目標に合わせた個別指導
入塾前に授業の進め方や講師との相性をお確かめください。
学校英語・定期テスト・英検の学習相談にも対応します。
保護者様の教育相談も無料で承ります。
1.学年 2. 学習目標 3.体験ご希望をお送りください。
体験の期間・回数・担当講師・日程は、ご希望と受付状況を確認してご案内します。
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する