英検準1級の英文要約・数量表現｜majority・at least・less than halfと割合【独自36問・全解説】

英検準1級の長文・英文要約では、most・a majority・at least・less than halfなどの数量表現を正確に残すことが重要です。慶英会では和訳10問、数量を保つ言い換え12問、誤要約訂正8問、独自3長文の内容一致6問、計36問を無料公開します。割合の母集団と増減の単位も練習できます。

日本英語検定協会の準1級試験内容では英文要約と長文読解が出題されます。以下は慶英会の独自英文・独自問題で、公式過去問ではありません。事例の団体・数値は学習用の架空設定です。

最初に結論｜数量と確実性を守る6つの原則

• most・majorityは大半・過半数でありallではない。
• nearly・approximately・roughlyは近似でありexactlyではない。
• at least・no fewer thanは下限、no more than・at mostは上限。
• fewer than halfは半数未満。多数派に言い換えない。
• 20%から30%は10パーセントポイント増。相対増加率では50%増。
• 「回答者の70%」と「地域住民の70%」は調査対象が異なる。母集団を勝手に広げない。

演習A｜数量の限定を落とさず和訳する10問

A1. A majority of respondents favored the proposed bus timetable.

A2. Nearly half the applicants completed both steps.

A3. Fewer than half the students selected the online course.

A4. At least twenty households applied for assistance.

A5. No more than six facilities can be upgraded this year.

A6. Approximately one third of those surveyed preferred paper notices.

A7. Only a minority of residents interviewed used the new entrance.

A8. The number of participants nearly doubled.

A9. The share rose from 20 percent to 30 percent.

A10. The figures suggest a possible trend rather than a confirmed permanent change.

演習B｜原文と同じ数量の意味を選ぶ4択12問

B1. A majority of respondents supported the trial.

1. Exactly half of all residents supported it.
2. More than half of those who answered supported the trial.
3. All residents favored a permanent program.
4. A minority of respondents supported it.

B2. At least 30 people attended.

1. Thirty or more people attended.
2. Exactly thirty attended.
3. Fewer than thirty attended.
4. The maximum was thirty.

B3. Fewer than half the employees agreed.

1. Most of the employees agreed.
2. Exactly half agreed.
3. None of the employees agreed.
4. Less than 50 percent of the employees agreed.

B4. Roughly one quarter of those surveyed opposed the plan.

1. Exactly one quarter of every local resident opposed it.
2. Three quarters of all residents opposed it.
3. About one in four surveyed people opposed it.
4. No one opposed the plan.

B5. Only two of ten halls were upgraded.

1. Most halls were upgraded.
2. Exactly two of the ten halls were upgraded.
3. All ten halls were upgraded.
4. No hall was upgraded.

B6. No fewer than eight schools joined.

1. At least eight schools participated.
2. At most eight schools participated.
3. Fewer than eight joined.
4. Exactly seven schools joined.

B7. Attendance nearly doubled.

1. Attendance precisely doubled.
2. Attendance fell to half.
3. Attendance was unchanged.
4. Attendance came close to twice its previous level.

B8. About 60 percent of the interviewees supported the service.

1. Exactly 60 percent of the whole city approved.
2. Every interviewee agreed.
3. Approximately three fifths of those interviewed supported it.
4. Only six people supported it.

B9. The rate rose by five percentage points.

1. Its relative increase was necessarily five percent.
2. Its percentage increased by an absolute difference of five points.
3. The final rate was exactly five percent.
4. Exactly five additional people participated.

B10. The share increased from 10 percent to 20 percent.

1. It rose by ten percentage points and became twice its original level.
2. It increased by just ten percent relative to its original level.
3. It became ten times the original level.
4. It remained unchanged.

B11. Some but not all participants completed the trial.

1. Everyone completed it.
2. Nobody completed it.
3. Exactly half completed it.
4. At least one completed it and at least one did not.

B12. The figures may indicate a decline.

1. A permanent decline has been proved.
2. The figures prove growth.
3. A decline is possible but not conclusively established.
4. No change is possible.

演習C｜意味を変えた英文要約を訂正する8問

C1 原文：Nearly all respondents supported the proposal. 誤要約：Every respondent supported the proposal.

C2 原文：At least ten schools joined the survey. 誤要約：Exactly ten schools joined.

C3 原文：Fewer than half the residents favored the change. 誤要約：Most residents supported the change.

C4 原文：About one third of respondents disagreed. 誤要約：Exactly one third of all residents disagreed.

C5 原文：The proportion rose from 20 to 30 percent. 誤要約：It increased by ten percent.

C6 原文：Participation nearly doubled. 誤要約：The number of participants doubled exactly.

C7 原文：Only two of seven routes were tested. 誤要約：All seven routes were tested.

C8 原文：The results might reflect a trend. 誤要約：The results prove a permanent change.

演習D｜独自3長文・内容一致6問

長文1｜図書館の利用調査

A fictional library asked 120 visitors about longer opening hours. About 70 percent of respondents favored a trial. However, fewer than half the people who used the library during the evening had taken part. Managers explained that the responses were useful, but not necessarily representative of everyone who would be affected. They planned a small timetable trial and further consultations.

D1. What can be concluded about the support?

1. About 70 percent of respondents supported a trial.
2. Exactly 70 percent of all residents wanted a permanent change.
3. Every evening user approved.
4. No one supported it.

D2. Why did staff seek more opinions?

1. The library had received no replies.
2. The survey proved universal approval.
3. The initial sample might not represent all users.
4. Every visitor had completed the survey.

長文2｜交通機関の割合

A fictional city compared bus use before and after a timetable change. The share of evening trips rose from 20 percent to 30 percent, an increase of ten percentage points. Nevertheless, a local festival attracted additional visitors at the same time. The council said the timetable might have contributed to the increase but did not prove that it was the only cause.

D3. By how much did the share rise?

1. By precisely 10 percent relative to the original share.
2. By ten percentage points.
3. By 30 percentage points.
4. It fell by ten percentage points.

D4. What limited the conclusion about the timetable?

1. There were no figures.
2. The share had decreased.
3. Every traveler was surveyed.
4. A festival might also have influenced use.

長文3｜地域施設の改善

A district could renovate no more than four community halls this year. Engineers recommended starting with two sites that lacked step-free entrances. Nearly all residents interviewed welcomed the plan, but the interviews focused on people who already visited the buildings. The district sought views from residents who had difficulty entering in the first place.

D5. What does no more than four establish?

1. Every hall had already been renovated.
2. At least four halls would be renovated.
3. Exactly four halls must be renovated.
4. At most four halls could be renovated.

D6. Whose views were sought next?

1. Residents unable to enter the halls easily.
2. Only engineers who attended the first meeting.
3. Visitors who had already been interviewed.
4. Every resident of another city.

全36問の正解・日本語訳・詳しい解説

A｜和訳10問

A1 和訳：回答者の過半数が提案されたバス時刻表を支持した。 解説：majorityは回答者の半数超。町の全住民ではない。

A2 和訳：応募者の半数近くが両方の手順を終えた。 解説：nearly halfは半分に近い概数。半数ちょうどを示さない。

A3 和訳：そのオンライン講座を選んだ生徒は半数未満だった。 解説：fewer than halfは50%より少ない。

A4 和訳：少なくとも20世帯が支援を申請した。 解説：at leastは下限。ちょうど20世帯とは限らない。

A5 和訳：今年改修できる施設は最大六つである。 解説：no more thanは上限。必ず六つ改修する意味ではない。

A6 和訳：調査対象者のおよそ3分の1は紙の通知を好んだ。 解説：approximatelyは概数、those surveyedは対象集団。

A7 和訳：面談を受けた住民のうち新入口を使ったのは少数派だけだった。 解説：minorityとresidents interviewedの両方の限定を残す。

A8 和訳：参加者数はほぼ2倍になった。 解説：nearlyを削って正確な2倍としない。

A9 和訳：割合は20%から30%に増えた。 解説：10パーセントポイント増。元の値との相対増加率は50%。

A10 和訳：数値は傾向の可能性を示唆するが、恒久的な変化の確証ではない。 解説：suggest・possible・rather thanという確実性の限界を保持する。

B｜4択12問の正解と誤答分析

B1 正解B：More than half of those who answered supported the trial. 理由：回答者の過半数であり、地域全体の意見ではない。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B2 正解A：Thirty or more people attended. 理由：30は下限で、参加者の正確な数は不明。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B3 正解D：Less than 50 percent of the employees agreed. 理由：半数未満は過半数と逆。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B4 正解C：About one in four surveyed people opposed it. 理由：概数と調査対象の限定を残す。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B5 正解B：Exactly two of the ten halls were upgraded. 理由：only twoの上限と件数を維持。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B6 正解A：At least eight schools participated. 理由：no fewer thanは下限。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B7 正解D：Attendance came close to twice its previous level. 理由：nearlyを保持する。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B8 正解C：Approximately three fifths of those interviewed supported it. 理由：about 60 percentとintervieweesの範囲を保持。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B9 正解B：Its percentage increased by an absolute difference of five points. 理由：パーセントポイントと相対増加率・人数は別。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B10 正解A：It rose by ten percentage points and became twice its original level. 理由：10から20は10ポイント増・2倍。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B11 正解D：At least one completed it and at least one did not. 理由：some but not allは部分と非全員を表す。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

B12 正解C：A decline is possible but not conclusively established. 理由：may indicateは推量で確定ではない。 他の選択肢は数量・対象集団・確実性を変えてしまう。

C｜要約訂正8問

C1 模範：Nearly all respondents supported the proposal. 解説：nearlyは全員ではない。

C2 模範：At least ten schools joined the survey. 解説：at leastの下限を消さない。

C3 模範：Fewer than half the residents favored the change. 解説：半数未満を多数派に逆転しない。

C4 模範：About one third of respondents disagreed. 解説：概数と母集団を保持する。

C5 模範：The proportion rose by ten percentage points, from 20 to 30 percent. 解説：相対的な10％増と10パーセントポイント増は異なる。

C6 模範：Participation nearly doubled. 解説：nearlyの限定を残す。

C7 模範：Only two of the seven routes were tested. 解説：テストされた路線は二つだけ。

C8 模範：The results might reflect a trend. 解説：mightは確実ではなく、恒久変化も断定できない。

D｜3長文・6問の解答と本文根拠

長文1の日本語内容：架空の図書館では120人の来訪者に質問し、回答者の約70%が試行を支持した。しかし夜間利用者のうち回答したのは半数未満で、全利用者の考えを代表するとは限らない。

D1 正解A：About 70 percent of respondents supported a trial.。根拠：About 70 percent of respondents favored a trial。数字・対象・試行のいずれも保持。

D2 正解C：The initial sample might not represent all users.。根拠：not necessarily representative of everyone。代表性に限界。

長文2の日本語内容：夕方の利用割合は20%から30%となり10ポイント上昇したが、同時期に祭りがあり、時刻表の改善だけによる結果とは断定できない。

D3 正解B：By ten percentage points.。根拠：increase of ten percentage points。絶対差10ポイント。

D4 正解D：A festival might also have influenced use.。根拠：a local festival attracted additional visitors。他要因の可能性。

長文3の日本語内容：最大四施設を改修できる予算があり、まず入口が利用しにくい二施設を候補に選んだ。面談した住民のほぼ全員は歓迎したが、入れなかった住民の意見も必要だった。

D5 正解D：At most four halls could be renovated.。根拠：no more than four community halls。上限だけが分かる。

D6 正解A：Residents unable to enter the halls easily.。根拠：residents who had difficulty entering。初期標本から漏れていた人。

英文要約で誤った断定を防ぐ復習方法

英文要約では、①数字が誰についての数字か、②at least・only・approximatelyなどの範囲、③人数と割合の違い、④推量か確定か、の順で確認してください。例えば「回答者の約70%」を「全市民の70%」と書くと、読み手に異なる事実を伝えてしまいます。

7日間の復習

1. 1日目：A10文を和訳
2. 2日目：B12問で同じ数量の意味を判定
3. 3日目：C8問の誤った要約を修正
4. 4日目：D3長文6問で母集団と割合を確認
5. 5日目：at leastとat mostの自作文を各5文
6. 6日目：60〜70語で調査文を要約
7. 7日目：英検公式過去問の数量表現を確認

よくある質問

mostとallは同じですか？

いいえ。mostは大部分を指し、全員を意味しません。

less than halfとnearly halfは同じですか？

いいえ。less than halfは半数未満、nearly halfは半数に近いことを示す概数です。

20%から30%は10%増加ですか？

10パーセントポイントの増加です。20%を基準にした相対的な増加率は50%です。

この36問の正答率はCSEに換算できますか？

できません。慶英会の独自読解・英文要約教材であり、公式過去問や採点とは異なります。

関連教材と慶英会の学習相談

only・almost・evenの限定表現40問／英文要約の名詞化・動詞化32問／英文要約の語数調整教材。

慶英会では英検準1級の長文と英文要約で、数量・対象集団・事実関係を正確に維持する書き方を個別に指導します。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談はこちら。

公式情報

日本英語検定協会・準1級の試験内容／準1級公式過去問。2026年10月28日確認。英文・全36問・解答は慶英会の独自制作です。