英検準1級の長い名詞句の読み方｜of句・関係詞・後置修飾の切れ目【独自40問・全解説】

英検準1級の長文で長い主語を読み違える原因は、名詞句の中心語と、後ろから説明する修飾語句の区別ができていないことです。慶英会ではof句、to不定詞、関係詞、分詞・受動の後置修飾を、英文解釈12問・中心語4択12問・誤文訂正8問・独自4長文8問、計40問で無料解説します。

日本英語検定協会の準1級試験内容では長文の語句空所補充6問・内容一致7問などが出題されます。本記事は英文の骨格を正確に捉える慶英会の独自構文教材であり、公式過去問ではありません。

結論｜長い名詞句を読む5ステップ

1. 中心名詞を探す：the number of studentsではnumberが中心。
2. of句を区切る：the cost of repairsは費用についての表現であり、repairsが主語ではない。
3. 後置修飾を見つける：a report published by the councilではpublished …がreportを修飾する。
4. 関係詞節の先行詞を確かめる：students who completed …のwhoはstudentsを説明。
5. 出来事の段階を確認する：a plan to repairは計画であり、修理完了を表さない。

演習A｜中心名詞を特定して和訳する12問

A1. The number of students who completed the survey increased.

A2. The results of the survey conducted in three schools were published.

A3. A proposal to improve access to the museum was discussed.

A4. The cost of repairing the oldest bridge was underestimated.

A5. Several reports published after the inspection were incomplete.

A6. The possibility of delays due to bad weather worried travelers.

A7. A series of interviews with people who rarely use buses was conducted.

A8. The decision by the school to offer online lessons surprised parents.

A9. An analysis of data collected during the trial revealed a problem.

A10. The list of changes suggested by residents was sent to the council.

A11. People with limited internet access living in remote villages requested printed forms.

A12. A review of the evidence available at that time did not support the claim.

演習B｜英文の中心語・修飾の対象を選ぶ4択12問

B1. In ‘The number of applications has risen,’ which word controls the main verb?

1. applications
2. number
3. of
4. risen

B2. In ‘The results of the experiment were uncertain,’ what is the head noun?

1. results
2. experiment
3. uncertain
4. of

B3. In ‘A report prepared by the staff was published,’ who prepared the report?

1. the report itself
2. the readers
3. the publisher necessarily
4. the staff

B4. In ‘A plan to reduce costs was proposed,’ what is described as proposed?

1. actual cost reduction
2. an approved permanent policy
3. a plan
4. the completed project

B5. In ‘The cost of maintaining the station is high,’ what is high?

1. the station’s height
2. the cost
3. the number of workers
4. the maintenance quality

B6. In ‘A group of volunteers was trained,’ which word is the grammatical head?

1. group
2. volunteers
3. trained
4. of

B7. In ‘The possibility of delays concerned users,’ which claim is justified?

1. Delays had definitely occurred.
2. The service was canceled.
3. Every passenger was delayed.
4. Delays were possible, not established.

B8. In ‘The report on transport published last month was reviewed,’ what was published last month?

1. all transport services
2. the reviewers
3. the report
4. the monthly schedule alone

B9. In ‘The decision to postpone the vote was announced,’ what happened?

1. The vote was permanently rejected.
2. A decision to delay a vote was announced.
3. The vote had already occurred.
4. The decision guaranteed passage.

B10. In ‘The data collected from three schools were compared,’ what does collected modify?

1. data
2. schools
3. the researchers
4. compared

B11. In ‘The students selected for the trial had different schedules,’ who was selected?

1. the schedules
2. the teachers only
3. the trial itself
4. the students

B12. In ‘The list of recommendations from parents was lengthy,’ what was lengthy?

1. the parents
2. one recommendation only
3. the list
4. the consultation period

演習C｜長い名詞句・事実関係の訂正8問

C1. The number of students who replied have increased.

C2. The results of the study was published in June.

C3. A proposal to build a library proves that a library was completed.

C4. The cost of repairing the bridge were high.

C5. A series of interviews with parents were carried out.

C6. The possibility of a delay means the delay definitely occurred.

C7. The report prepared by the committee means that the report prepared the committee.

C8. The decision to test the system means that the system was permanently adopted.

演習D｜独自4長文・内容一致8問

長文1｜学校への交通と調査

The number of students who traveled more than an hour to school was recorded in a fictional district. A report prepared by the transport team recommended testing a revised bus route. However, the possibility of delays due to winter weather remained. The council decided to collect information from several seasons before adopting permanent changes.

D1. What did the district record?

1. The number of students whose journey exceeded an hour.
2. The number of all buses in the country.
3. Only the teachers’ opinions.
4. The number of students who always arrived late.

D2. What was still uncertain?

1. Whether the district had schools.
2. Whether the report existed.
3. The possibility of delays caused by winter weather.
4. Whether the team had collected any data.

長文2｜博物館の展示計画

Several paintings restored by the museum’s conservation staff were selected for a temporary exhibition. The cost of maintaining appropriate conditions was higher than expected, so the opening date was postponed. The director explained that the decision to delay the exhibition was not a rejection of the entire project. Staff planned another review of the available funding.

D3. Who restored the paintings?

1. Museum visitors.
2. The museum’s conservation staff.
3. The director alone.
4. The paintings themselves.

D4. What did the postponement mean?

1. The project was permanently rejected.
2. Every painting was damaged.
3. The exhibition had already opened.
4. The opening was delayed, not permanently canceled.

長文3｜住民の情報アクセス

A series of interviews with residents who lacked reliable internet access was conducted. The results of these interviews were reviewed by a community center. Several participants requested printed notices, and the center proposed a trial of a new distribution system. Staff warned that a proposal to improve access did not prove the change had already helped everyone.

D5. What was conducted?

1. A series of interviews.
2. A final national election.
3. A permanent closure.
4. A fully approved expansion.

D6. What did the center avoid claiming?

1. That residents requested paper notices.
2. That an interview took place.
3. That the proposed trial had already benefited everyone.
4. That internet access varied.

長文4｜水道の設備点検

An analysis of data collected from three reservoirs showed differences in water levels. The engineers discussed a plan to inspect older pipes, but the plan had not been approved. A list of possible repairs suggested by local staff was sent to the council. Officials said they needed further evidence before selecting which repairs to fund.

D7. What was analyzed?

1. Only the council’s budget.
2. Data collected from three reservoirs.
3. Every resident’s opinion.
4. Repairs that were already completed.

D8. What had not happened?

1. The engineers had discussed a plan.
2. The council had received recommendations.
3. Water levels had been compared.
4. The inspection plan had been approved.

全40問の正解・和訳・詳しい解説

A｜中心名詞と和訳12問

A1 模範：中心語：number。調査を完了した生徒の人数が増えた。 解説：who completed the surveyはstudentsを説明。述語increasedの主語は単数のnumber。

A2 模範：中心語：results。三校で実施した調査の結果が発表された。 解説：conducted in three schoolsはsurveyの後置修飾。wereはresultsと一致。

A3 模範：中心語：proposal。博物館の利用しやすさを改善する案が議論された。 解説：to improve …はproposalの内容。実際に改善したとは言わない。

A4 模範：中心語：cost。最も古い橋を修繕する費用は過小評価された。 解説：repairingの対象はbridge。主語はcostで単数。

A5 模範：中心語：reports。点検後に公表された複数の報告書は不完全だった。 解説：published after the inspectionはreportsを修飾。述語wereはreportsに一致。

A6 模範：中心語：possibility。悪天候による遅延の可能性が旅行者を心配させた。 解説：due to bad weatherはdelaysの原因説明。possibilityは未確定。

A7 模範：中心語：series。バスをほとんど利用しない人への一連の聞き取りが行われた。 解説：who rarely use busesはpeopleを修飾。a seriesは単数でwas。

A8 模範：中心語：decision。オンライン授業を提供するという学校の決定は保護者を驚かせた。 解説：by the schoolは意思決定主体、to offerは決定内容。

A9 模範：中心語：analysis。試行中に集めたデータの分析で問題が判明した。 解説：collected during the trialはdataに係る。分析の結果である。

A10 模範：中心語：list。住民が提案した変更点の一覧が議会へ送られた。 解説：suggested by residentsはchangesを修飾。wasはlistに一致。

A11 模範：中心語：people。遠隔の集落に住みネット利用が難しい人々が紙の用紙を求めた。 解説：with…とliving…がpeopleを説明。

A12 模範：中心語：review。当時利用可能な証拠の検討はその主張を裏付けなかった。 解説：available at that timeはevidenceに係り、レビュー自体の公開時刻ではない。

B｜4択12問の正解と根拠

B1 正解B：number 解説：hasの主語はthe numberで単数。

B2 正解A：results 解説：wereと一致するのはresults。

B3 正解D：the staff 解説：prepared byの行為者はstaff。

B4 正解C：a plan 解説：提案されたのは計画。費用削減は未達成。

B5 正解B：the cost 解説：高いのは費用。stationは維持管理の対象。

B6 正解A：group 解説：a group ofで中心はgroup。wasは単数主語と一致。

B7 正解D：Delays were possible, not established. 解説：possibilityは可能性で事実の確定ではない。

B8 正解C：the report 解説：published last monthはreportの後置修飾。

B9 正解B：A decision to delay a vote was announced. 解説：決定内容は延期。否決・採択は別。

B10 正解A：data 解説：collected from three schoolsはdataを修飾。

B11 正解D：the students 解説：selected for the trialの対象はstudents。

B12 正解C：the list 解説：主語の中心はlist。recommendationsは内容。

C｜訂正8問

C1 模範：The number of students who replied has increased. 理由：studentsが複数でも中心のnumberは単数。

C2 模範：The results of the study were published in June. 理由：主語の中心resultsは複数。

C3 模範：A proposal to build a library does not establish that the building was completed. 理由：計画・提案を完了に読み替えない。

C4 模範：The cost of repairing the bridge was high. 理由：中心語costは単数。

C5 模範：A series of interviews with parents was carried out. 理由：一連の聞き取りという単数のseriesに一致。

C6 模範：The possibility of a delay means a delay was possible, not certain. 理由：possibilityは可能性の限定。

C7 模範：The committee prepared the report. 理由：prepared byの行為者はcommittee。

C8 模範：The decision to test the system did not mean permanent adoption. 理由：試験を決定しただけで恒久導入ではない。

D｜長文4篇・内容一致8問

長文1日本語内容：架空の地区は通学に1時間を超える生徒の人数を記録し、交通チームが作成した報告書で路線変更の試行を提案した。冬の天候による遅延の可能性は残り、恒久策前に複数季節を比較する。

D1 正解A：The number of students whose journey exceeded an hour.。根拠：number of students who traveled more than an hour。修飾節の対象と数の中心。

D2 正解C：The possibility of delays caused by winter weather.。根拠：possibility of delays due to winter weather。可能性の段階。

長文2日本語内容：保存担当者が修復した複数の絵画を一時展示する予定だったが、環境維持費が予想より高く、開幕が延期された。延期という判断は事業全体の拒否ではない。

D3 正解B：The museum’s conservation staff.。根拠：restored by the museum’s conservation staff。受動的な修飾の行為者。

D4 正解D：The opening was delayed, not permanently canceled.。根拠：decision to delay … not a rejection。延期と中止を区別。

長文3日本語内容：ネットへのアクセスが難しい住民に対する一連の聞き取りが行われ、結果を地域センターが検討した。紙の案内を求める声を受け、配布制度の試行を提案したが、提案は全員への改善を証明しない。

D5 正解A：A series of interviews.。根拠：A series of interviews … was conducted。中心語seriesに一致。

D6 正解C：That the proposed trial had already benefited everyone.。根拠：proposal … did not prove … helped everyone。提案と成果を区別。

長文4日本語内容：三つの貯水池から集めたデータの分析で水位の違いが示された。古い管の点検案は未承認で、職員が提案した修繕候補を議会に送った。予算配分は追加証拠を確認してから決める。

D7 正解B：Data collected from three reservoirs.。根拠：analysis of data collected from three reservoirs。修飾の範囲を把握。

D8 正解D：The inspection plan had been approved.。根拠：plan had not been approved。議論と正式承認を区別。

英文要約・英作文での応用

The number of students who completed the survey increased.を要約する場合、「生徒が増えた」ではなく「調査を完了した生徒の人数が増えた」です。The possibility of a delayとa delay has occurredも同じではありません。名詞句の中心と修飾を確認してから言い換えましょう。

7日間の復習プラン

1. 1日目：A12問で中心語を特定
2. 2日目：B12問の文法機能を判定
3. 3日目：C8問の誤解を訂正
4. 4日目：D4長文8問を解く
5. 5日目：長い主語を含む英文を5文和訳
6. 6日目：名詞句を短い表現へ言い換えて意味を保持する
7. 7日目：英検公式過去問の長文へ応用

よくある質問

ofの後の名詞が主語になりますか？

一般にof句は前の名詞を説明します。the number of studentsでは中心語numberが単数ですが、the results of the studyではresultsが複数です。

名詞の後ろのto不定詞は全て目的ですか？

いいえ。a decision to postponeは決定内容、an attempt to improveは試みの内容など、名詞との関係を読む必要があります。

後置修飾の過去分詞は受動ですか？

a report published by the councilではreportが公表される側です。形容詞的な意味を持つ分詞もあるため文脈で判断します。

この40問でCSEスコアを計算できますか？

できません。慶英会独自の構文演習で、協会公式の問題形式・採点基準とは異なります。

関連教材と慶英会の無料体験

主語と動詞の一致32問／動名詞の意味上の主語40問／関係詞・倒置・分詞の英文解釈30文。

慶英会では英検準1級の初見長文を、主語・述語・修飾の範囲と内容一致の本文根拠から個別に指導しています。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談はこちら。

参考にした公式情報

英検協会｜準1級出題形式／英検協会｜公式過去問。2026年10月28日確認。本記事の全40問は慶英会の独自制作です。