英検準1級の直接話法・間接話法｜say・tell・askと時制の一致【独自40問・全解説】

英検準1級の直接話法・間接話法では、発言した人、伝えた相手、発言時点、話者の確信度を変えずに伝えることが重要です。He said …とHe told me …の語法、asked whether、told someone not to do、will→would、yesterday→the previous dayなどを、独自40問（書換12・4択12・誤文訂正8・長文8問）で全解説します。

準1級にはリーディングの短文語句空所補充18問、長文空所補充6問、内容一致7問などがあります（英検協会の公式出題形式）。話法の基礎はCambridge Dictionary｜Reported speechとSay or tell?で確認できます。本ページは慶英会独自の教材で、英検公式過去問ではありません。

結論｜直接話法を間接話法へ変える6つの確認点

• say / tell：say that …、tell＋人＋that …。say me that …とはしない。
• ask：asked whether …、asked where the bus stopped。間接疑問の中では主語・動詞の語順。
• 命令・禁止：told／asked＋人＋to do／not to do。
• 時制の一致：過去の発言を後から報告する場合、will→would、have done→had doneなど。
• 人称・時を表す語：I→she、tomorrow→the next day、yesterday→the previous dayなど。報告する視点に合わせる。
• 例外：現在も成立する一般事実・まだ有効な予定などでは、時制を必ず過去へ戻す必要はない。

演習A｜直接話法を間接話法へ書き換える12問

A1. Mia said, “I am preparing the report.”

A2. The researchers said, “We have checked the figures.”

A3. On Friday the engineers said, “We collected samples yesterday.”

A4. The teacher said, “The meeting will start tomorrow.”

A5. The manager told visitors, “You must wear helmets here.”

A6. Liam asked, “Where does the shuttle stop?”

A7. The student asked, “Has the notice been published?”

A8. The director said to the team, “Do not share the files.”

A9. The officer said to residents, “Please use the west entrance.”

A10. The scientist said, “Pure water freezes at about 0°C at standard atmospheric pressure.”

A11. The researchers said, “We may need more data.”

A12. On Monday the chairwoman said, “I cannot approve this plan today.”

演習B｜文脈4択12問

B1. The engineer ___ that the machine needed repairs.

1. told
2. said
3. spoke
4. informed

B2. The engineer ___ the staff that the machine needed repairs.

1. told
2. said
3. spoke
4. mentioned

B3. She asked ___ the trial had begun.

1. while
2. whose
3. which
4. whether

B4. He asked where the report ___.

1. were
2. did
3. was
4. be

B5. The manager told them not ___ the locked gate.

1. enter
2. to enter
3. entering
4. entered

B6. They reported on Friday that they ___ finished the inspection on Thursday.

1. had
2. have
3. will
4. were

B7. The principal promised on Monday that the technician ___ arrive on Tuesday.

1. has
2. can
3. is
4. would

B8. The teacher asked the pupils ___ the figures.

1. checked
2. checking
3. to check
4. check

B9. The manager asked ___ the samples had been collected.

1. when did
2. when
3. what
4. which

B10. The guide said on Friday that the museum ___ closed the previous day.

1. had
2. has
3. will
4. is

B11. The guard warned visitors ___ enter the area.

1. without
2. never
3. no
4. not to

B12. Mia said she ___ seen the message before the meeting.

1. has
2. will
3. had
4. was

演習C｜say・tell・askと語順を訂正する8問

C1. He told that the office had closed.

C2. The teacher said us that the class was canceled.

C3. She asked where was the station.

C4. They asked did we finish the experiment.

C5. The guard told visitors don’t enter the building.

C6. The manager asked to the students to leave.

C7. “I collected the samples yesterday,” Mia said. → Mia said she had collected the samples tomorrow.

C8. “I will check the results next week,” Tom said. → Tom said he would check the results last week.

演習D｜独自4長文・内容一致8問

長文1｜図書館の開館延長

A fictional library director said on Monday, “We will test longer opening hours next month.” When journalists asked whether the plan had been approved permanently, she explained that only a trial had been authorized. The newspaper later reported that the library would test extended hours the following month. The director also told staff not to promise that every resident would benefit. The team planned to collect information about transport, costs, and actual attendance before reaching a final decision.

D1. Which report best preserves the director’s original statement?

1. She said the test would take place the following month.
2. She said the change had been permanent for years.
3. She ordered every library to close.
4. She confirmed that all residents would benefit.

D2. What did the director tell staff not to do?

1. Collect information about attendance.
2. Guarantee benefits for every resident.
3. Consult residents.
4. Describe the trial.

長文2｜研究発表の不確実性

After a small laboratory trial, a researcher said, “We may need more samples.” A reporter later wrote that the team might need additional data. The researcher also explained that an unusual reading did not automatically prove equipment failure. When asked whether the results had been independently verified, she answered that further checks were planned. The newspaper’s editor avoided reporting that the method had been proved unsafe, because the available data did not support such a conclusion.

D3. What did the reporter preserve correctly?

1. A guarantee that no further checks were needed.
2. The possibility that more data might be required.
3. A claim that all equipment was defective.
4. The fact that every test had finished.

D4. Why did the editor avoid calling the method unsafe?

1. No trial had taken place.
2. All measurements were perfect.
3. The researcher refused all interviews.
4. The evidence did not establish that conclusion.

長文3｜学校の説明会

At a school meeting, a teacher said, “Please submit the permission forms by Friday.” The principal later reported that the teacher had asked parents to submit the forms by Friday. One parent then asked, “Can we send them electronically?” The principal said that the school was checking whether electronic submissions were acceptable. She told families not to assume that the online option had already been approved, although a decision would be announced soon.

D5. How did the principal report the teacher’s request?

1. The teacher told families never to submit forms.
2. The teacher asked parents to submit forms by Friday.
3. The teacher had approved online submission.
4. The meeting was canceled.

D6. What remained undecided?

1. Whether printed forms existed.
2. Whether the principal attended.
3. Whether electronic submissions would be accepted.
4. Whether the school had teachers.

長文4｜地域の避難訓練

During a fictional safety exercise, an officer told residents, “Do not use the eastern gate.” Later, an organizer said that the officer had instructed them not to use that entrance. The officer also stated, “We may change the meeting point tomorrow.” The organizer reported that the meeting point might change the next day. He emphasized that the notice was conditional and did not mean the new location had already been decided.

D7. What instruction did the officer give?

1. Not to use the eastern gate.
2. To open every gate.
3. To stop the safety exercise.
4. To change all evacuation routes immediately.

D8. What did the organizer make clear about the meeting point?

1. It had certainly changed.
2. The old location had been closed forever.
3. The officer had made no statement.
4. A change was possible but not yet confirmed.

全40問の模範解答・和訳・詳しい解説

A｜書換12問

A1 模範：Mia said that she was preparing the report. 意味：Miaは報告書を準備していると言った。 解説：一人称I→she、am preparing→was preparing。過去の発言を後で報告する標準的な形。

A2 模範：The researchers said that they had checked the figures. 意味：研究者は数値を確認済みだと述べた。 解説：we→they、have checked→had checked。

A3 模範：The engineers said on Friday that they had collected samples the previous day. 意味：技術者は金曜日に、前日に標本を採集したと述べた。 解説：yesterday→the previous day。過去の行動をhad collectedで表す。

A4 模範：The teacher said that the meeting would start the next day. 意味：教師は会議が翌日に始まると述べた。 解説：will→would、tomorrow→the next day。

A5 模範：The manager told the visitors that they had to wear helmets there. 意味：管理者は訪問者にその場所ではヘルメットの着用が必要だと伝えた。 解説：you→they、here→there。報告時点からの過去の義務としてhad to。

A6 模範：Liam asked where the shuttle stopped. 意味：Liamはシャトルバスがどこに停まるか尋ねた。 解説：疑問節内はwhere＋主語＋動詞。doesを置かない。

A7 模範：The student asked whether the notice had been published. 意味：生徒は通知が公表済みかどうか尋ねた。 解説：Yes/No疑問はwhetherかif、has been→had been。

A8 模範：The director told the team not to share the files. 意味：部長はチームにファイルを共有しないよう指示した。 解説：否定命令はtell＋人＋not to do。

A9 模範：The officer asked the residents to use the west entrance. 意味：職員は住民に西側入口を使うよう頼んだ。 解説：依頼はask＋人＋to doで報告できる。

A10 模範：The scientist said that pure water freezes at about 0°C at standard atmospheric pressure. 意味：科学者は純水は標準大気圧でおよそ0℃で凍ると述べた。 解説：一般的に成り立つ事実のため現在形を保持してよい。必ずbackshiftするわけではない。

A11 模範：The researchers said that they might need more data. 意味：研究者は追加のデータが必要かもしれないと述べた。 解説：may→might。必要性は確定した事実ではない。

A12 模範：The chairwoman said on Monday that she could not approve the plan that day. 意味：議長は月曜日、その日には計画を承認できないと述べた。 解説：I→she、cannot→could not、today→that day。

B｜4択12問

B1 正解B：said。和訳：技術者は機械に修理が必要だと述べた。 理由：say＋that節。tell／informは通常人の目的語を取る。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B2 正解A：told。和訳：技術者は職員に機械の修理が必要だと伝えた。 理由：tell＋人＋that節。say the staff thatは不可。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B3 正解D：whether。和訳：彼女は試行が始まっていたかどうか尋ねた。 理由：Yes/Noの間接疑問をwhetherが導く。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B4 正解C：was。和訳：彼は報告書がどこにあるか尋ねた。 理由：where＋主語＋動詞の語順。主語reportが単数。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B5 正解B：to enter。和訳：管理者は彼らに施錠された門へ入らないよう指示した。 理由：tell＋人＋not to do。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B6 正解A：had。和訳：金曜日、彼らは木曜日に点検を終えていたと報告した。 理由：発表より前の完了、had finished。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B7 正解D：would。和訳：校長は月曜日、技術者が火曜日に来ると約束した。 理由：過去時点から見た将来would。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B8 正解C：to check。和訳：教師は生徒に数値を確認するよう頼んだ。 理由：ask＋人＋to do。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B9 正解B：when。和訳：管理者はいつ標本が集められたか尋ねた。 理由：間接疑問when＋主語＋had been collected。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B10 正解A：had。和訳：案内係は金曜日、博物館は前日に閉館していたと述べた。 理由：前日に閉館していたことを金曜日に述べた。had closed。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B11 正解D：not to。和訳：警備員は来訪者に区域へ入らないよう警告した。 理由：warn＋人＋not to do。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

B12 正解C：had。和訳：Miaは会議前にメッセージを見ていたと述べた。 理由：過去の発言より前の出来事、had seen。 他の選択肢は文の必要な目的語・語順・時制に合いません。

C｜誤文訂正8問

C1 修正文：He said that the office had closed. 解説：tellを使うならtold usなど、伝えた相手を入れる。

C2 修正文：The teacher told us that the class was canceled. 解説：say us thatは不可。tell＋人＋that節。

C3 修正文：She asked where the station was. 解説：間接疑問では疑問詞の後に通常の主語＋動詞を置く。

C4 修正文：They asked whether we had finished the experiment. 解説：Yes/No疑問をwhether節にし倒置を取り除く。

C5 修正文：The guard told visitors not to enter the building. 解説：否定命令はtell＋人＋not to do。

C6 修正文：The manager asked the students to leave. 解説：ask＋人＋to do。人の前にtoを付けない。

C7 修正文：Mia said that she had collected the samples the previous day. 解説：yesterdayはthe previous day、tomorrowは未来を表すため不適切。

C8 修正文：Tom said he would check the results the following week. 解説：next weekは過去の発言時点から見てthe following week。

D｜独自4長文8問の正解・根拠

長文1の日本語内容：図書館長は翌月の延長開館を試行すると月曜日に述べた。恒久化は未承認で、新聞も翌月の試行と報じた。全住民の利益を保証しないよう職員に伝え、交通・費用・参加状況を調査する。

D1 正解A：She said the test would take place the following month. 本文根拠：would test extended hours the following month。willとnext monthの報告形。

D2 正解B：Guarantee benefits for every resident. 本文根拠：told staff not to promise that every resident would benefit。否定の指示。

長文2の日本語内容：小規模な研究の後、研究者は追加標本が必要かもしれないと述べた。報道でもmightと伝え、異常値だけで装置故障が証明されるわけではなく、独立した確認はこれからだと説明した。

D3 正解B：The possibility that more data might be required. 本文根拠：might need additional data。may→mightでも可能性が保たれる。

D4 正解D：The evidence did not establish that conclusion. 本文根拠：available data did not support such a conclusion。証拠を超える断定を避ける。

長文3の日本語内容：教師は金曜日までの同意書提出を依頼し、校長はそのように保護者へ伝えた。電子提出の可否を尋ねられたが、まだ確認中でオンライン提出が承認済みだと決めつけないよう説明した。

D5 正解B：The teacher asked parents to submit forms by Friday. 本文根拠：had asked parents to submit the forms by Friday。依頼の間接話法。

D6 正解C：Whether electronic submissions would be accepted. 本文根拠：checking whether electronic submissions were acceptable。Yes/Noの間接疑問。

長文4の日本語内容：避難訓練では東門を使わないよう指示され、主催者もその禁止指示を伝えた。集合場所が翌日変更される可能性も報告したが、場所がすでに確定したわけではない。

D7 正解A：Not to use the eastern gate. 本文根拠：Do not use the eastern gate。否定命令の伝達。

D8 正解D：A change was possible but not yet confirmed. 本文根拠：might change the next day … not … already been decided。may→mightの可能性。

長文・英文要約に応用する3つの注意

1. 報道が何を述べたかと、その内容が実際に証明されたかを区別する。
2. might、could、may、had not yetなどの限定を削って決定済みとしない。
3. 誰が発言したかと誰が行動したかをすり替えない。

7日間の復習

1. 1日目：A12文を間接話法に直す
2. 2日目：B12問でsay・tell・askを選ぶ
3. 3日目：C8問を訂正する
4. 4日目：D4長文8問の本文根拠を確認する
5. 5日目：will→would、today→that dayの自作文を作る
6. 6日目：命令・禁止・質問を各3文報告する
7. 7日目：準1級過去問で発言内容と事実を区別する

よくある質問

過去形のsaidの後は必ず過去完了ですか？

いいえ。発言時の時制や事実の有効性によります。単純な現在→過去、現在完了→過去完了などの変化が一般的ですが、今も成立する事実には時制を保持できることがあります。

said me thatは正しいですか？

通常say to me that …、またはtell me that … とします。tellには伝える相手を置くのが基本です。

askの後ろの疑問詞節で疑問文の語順を使いますか？

いいえ。He asked where the station was.のようにwhere＋主語＋動詞となります。

この40問で準1級の合否を予測できますか？

できません。慶英会独自の英語教材で、英検協会の公式採点とは異なります。

関連する慶英会無料教材と無料体験

間接疑問文40問／過去完了・時制の一致24問／4コマナレーションの話法24問。

慶英会では英検準1級の長文読解・ライティング・面接ナレーションまで、話法の意味と英語の正確さを個別に確認します。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談はこちら。

参考情報

日本英語検定協会｜準1級出題形式／Cambridge Dictionary｜Reported speech。2026年10月28日確認。40問・英文・模範解答は慶英会の独自教材です。