英検準1級の長文でWhat・Why・Howを読み違える人へ｜独自6長文・設問24問と全解説

英検準1級の長文内容一致で本文は読めるのに4択を間違える場合、設問が「事実・理由・方法・推論」のどれを聞いているかを読み違えていないか確認してください。たとえば Why did the library introduce the new service? は「何を導入したか」ではなく「なぜ導入したか」を問います。What can be inferred? は本文に明示されていない内容でも、本文の根拠から無理なく導ける範囲を選ぶ問いです。英検準1級の公式形式は長文内容一致7問、長文空所補充6問です。協会公式の出題形式に沿って読解技能を整理します。

このページでは慶英会独自の説明文6本・設問24問、What／Why／How／Inferenceの4種類を各6問、4択と全解答・本文根拠24件、14日間の復習を無料公開します。実際の準1級が毎回この4種類を同数出すという意味ではありません。設問文を読んで求められている情報を特定するための独立した練習教材です。

対象：「本文の単語は理解できるが、違う情報を探してしまう」「原因を聞かれているのに対応策を答える」「推論の選択肢を強く言いすぎる」という方。既存の長文4択の誤答24問や段落要旨6長文とは異なり、問題文の種類に注目します。

慶英会・追加の無料教材：長文・Writing・面接を選べる準1級教材87記事。独自問題と全解答を使い、初見の課題にも応用できるか確かめてください。

目次：設問4種類の違い／独自6長文24問／全解答・本文根拠／14日学習／FAQ。

What / Why / How / Inferを読み分ける

• What happened / What did … ?：事実や出来事を聞いている。本文に記述があるかを確認。
• Why … ?：原因・目的・理由を聞いている。出来事を答えるだけでは不十分。
• How … ?：方法・手順・変化の仕組みを問う。どのように対応したかを把握。
• What can be inferred … ?：本文に沿った限定的推論を選ぶ。all / definitely等の過剰な断定を避ける。

例えば本文に「図書館は多言語案内を作り、複雑な質問には専門窓口を紹介した」とあれば、Whatは「案内を作った」、Whyは「住民が手続きを理解できなかったため」、Howは「専門家への紹介を設けた」、Inferは「図書館のボランティアだけでは専門判断まで対応しない」という別々の情報を探します。

慶英会独自6長文・4択24問

次の文章はすべて慶英会が作成した架空の事例です。英検協会の過去問の転載ではありません。まず英文と4問を解き、根拠となる箇所を自分で特定してください。

独自長文1｜図書館の多言語案内

Reading passage：A public library began offering simple application guides in several languages after staff noticed that some visitors struggled to understand local procedures. The guides explained how to request everyday services, but volunteers sometimes received complex legal or medical questions. Staff realized that a translated leaflet could not replace professional advice. They therefore introduced a referral list and a telephone booking option for visitors who needed more support. Instead of measuring success by the number of translated pages, the library asked users whether they understood the instructions and could complete the appropriate procedures. Managers said they would review the program again before expanding it to more branches. Although the project may improve access, its long-term effectiveness has not yet been fully evaluated.

Q1｜What（事実）

Question: What did the library begin offering?

• A. Free legal representation for all visitors.
• B. Only a new building.
• C. Application guides in several languages.
• D. A compulsory training course.

Q2｜Why（理由）

Question: Why did staff create a referral list?

• A. Some questions required specialist knowledge.
• B. They wanted to stop every translation.
• C. The library had no visitors.
• D. The telephone line was permanently closed.

Q3｜How（方法）

Question: How did the library assess the initial service?

• A. It counted only printed pages.
• B. It asked whether users understood and completed procedures.
• C. It measured the cost of books.
• D. It required every visitor to pass a legal exam.

Q4｜Inference（推論）

Question: What can be inferred about expansion?

• A. Every branch already has the program.
• B. The service was proved completely ineffective.
• C. The project must end immediately.
• D. It depends partly on a further review.

独自長文2｜地域の修理カフェと安全性

Reading passage：A neighborhood group organized monthly events where residents could ask volunteers about broken household objects. The events attracted interest from people who hoped to repair items instead of replacing them. However, several visitors brought devices requiring specialist electrical work, which the volunteers were not qualified to perform. The group decided to inspect items at the entrance and refer risky repairs to qualified technicians. Organizers also recorded how many objects could be repaired safely and what types of advice visitors found useful. They explained that a large number of visitors would not, by itself, prove the program was successful. The group hopes to continue the events, but future sessions will depend on having sufficient trained helpers and funding.

Q5｜What（事実）

Question: What did residents bring to the events?

• A. New products for sale.
• B. Broken household items for repair advice.
• C. School examination papers.
• D. Public-transport timetables.

Q6｜Why（理由）

Question: Why were some electrical repairs referred elsewhere?

• A. Electrical work was guaranteed to be inexpensive.
• B. The visitors preferred new furniture.
• C. The group had already closed permanently.
• D. They required expertise the volunteers lacked.

Q7｜How（方法）

Question: How did organizers change the intake process?

• A. They screened items before accepting repair work.
• B. They accepted every device without checking.
• C. They prohibited all conversations.
• D. They replaced all volunteers with students.

Q8｜Inference（推論）

Question: What can be inferred about future events?

• A. The group has guaranteed unlimited sessions.
• B. Safety considerations are no longer important.
• C. Their continuation depends on resources and qualified support.
• D. The volunteers must repair all devices.

独自長文3｜雨水タンクと家庭での利用

Reading passage：Some households collect rainwater in outdoor tanks so they can water gardens without using as much treated tap water. A local information center prepared guidance about choosing suitable tank sizes and cleaning them regularly. The center stressed that rainwater is not automatically safe for drinking. Its availability also varies: a tank may be nearly empty after a long dry period even when it is large. Instead of recommending the biggest system to everyone, advisers asked residents about their gardens, local rainfall, and maintenance capacity. The center plans to survey households after a trial period to find out whether the systems are useful in practice. Officials expect some savings in treated water, but they have not promised that every household will benefit equally.

Q9｜What（事実）

Question: What is one stated use of collected rainwater?

• A. Providing guaranteed drinking water.
• B. Replacing all sewer systems.
• C. Heating public buildings.
• D. Watering gardens.

Q10｜Why（理由）

Question: Why did the center warn against drinking collected water?

• A. Rainwater always contains salt.
• B. Stored rainwater is not automatically safe for consumption.
• C. Every tank is illegal.
• D. Gardens never require water.

Q11｜How（方法）

Question: How did advisers recommend a suitable system?

• A. They always chose the largest tank.
• B. They checked only the tank’s color.
• C. They considered needs, rainfall, and maintenance.
• D. They banned small systems.

Q12｜Inference（推論）

Question: What can be inferred about benefits?

• A. They may differ among households.
• B. Every resident will save the same amount.
• C. Large tanks guarantee water during droughts.
• D. The center has already proved universal savings.

独自長文4｜在宅勤務と部署間の連絡

Reading passage：A company allowed employees to work remotely on two days each week. Many welcomed the reduced commuting time, but customer response times became longer in some departments. Managers discovered that staff did not always know which colleagues were available for urgent requests. The company introduced shared communication hours and a clearer process for transferring inquiries. It also began tracking response times along with employee feedback, rather than focusing only on the number of workers who chose remote days. Leaders have not decided whether to increase remote work. They want to check whether the new arrangements support both employees and customers over a longer period.

Q13｜What（事実）

Question: What problem appeared in some departments?

• A. Customer responses became slower.
• B. All employees refused remote work.
• C. The company lost its internet access.
• D. Office buildings were permanently closed.

Q14｜Why（理由）

Question: Why did communication sometimes fail?

• A. Customers could not use email anywhere.
• B. Managers had banned every phone call.
• C. Employees were unsure who was available for urgent work.
• D. All team members were on holiday.

Q15｜How（方法）

Question: How did the company respond?

• A. It stopped collecting feedback.
• B. It demanded immediate full-time commuting.
• C. It removed its customer service system.
• D. It introduced common contact hours and clearer transfers.

Q16｜Inference（推論）

Question: What can be inferred about future expansion?

• A. More remote work is already guaranteed.
• B. It remains subject to further evaluation.
• C. Remote work was judged impossible for every employee.
• D. The company will ignore customer needs.

独自長文5｜海岸清掃と調査の信頼性

Reading passage：Volunteers collected litter from a coastal area and recorded the types of waste they found. During one event, they collected far more material than in the previous month. Some participants wondered whether pollution had worsened. The organizers explained that twice as many volunteers had attended and that a larger section of the beach had been searched. Those changes made the two collections difficult to compare directly. For future events, the group decided to mark fixed survey areas and record the time spent collecting waste. It planned to share the data with local authorities while clearly stating any uncertainties. Organizers considered both the amount of litter removed and the quality of their records important measures of success.

Q17｜What（事実）

Question: What increased during the later collection?

• A. The number of local authorities.
• B. The amount of litter collected.
• C. The price of public transport.
• D. The number of beaches in the country.

Q18｜Why（理由）

Question: Why was a direct comparison difficult?

• A. No records were kept at either event.
• B. The beach had been permanently closed.
• C. The equipment was identical at every location.
• D. Volunteer numbers and search areas had changed.

Q19｜How（方法）

Question: How will organizers make future surveys more comparable?

• A. They will use fixed areas and record collection time.
• B. They will stop recording waste types.
• C. They will invite no volunteers.
• D. They will estimate values without observations.

Q20｜Inference（推論）

Question: What can be inferred about larger collection totals?

• A. They always prove contamination doubled.
• B. They show waste entering the sea stopped.
• C. They do not necessarily prove pollution became worse.
• D. They are unrelated to survey effort.

独自長文6｜学校のデジタル教材貸出

Reading passage：A secondary school lent tablets to students who lacked suitable learning devices at home. The initial program recorded many loans, but teachers later found that some borrowers still had difficulty completing assignments because their internet connections were unreliable. The school prepared downloadable materials and opened a supervised study room after classes. Administrators began asking students whether they could finish their tasks, instead of counting device loans alone. They also reviewed privacy rules and the costs of maintaining the equipment. Although the measures may improve access to digital learning, officials said it would take more time to determine their effect on students’ academic performance.

Q21｜What（事実）

Question: What did the school lend to students?

• A. Professional repair tools.
• B. Free train tickets.
• C. Tablets.
• D. Printed entrance examinations.

Q22｜Why（理由）

Question: Why did some borrowers still struggle?

• A. Their internet connections were unreliable.
• B. Their devices were all confiscated.
• C. The school had banned all assignments.
• D. Every student had completed the work.

Q23｜How（方法）

Question: How did the school supplement the loan program?

• A. It ended all human assistance.
• B. It provided downloadable materials and supervised study space.
• C. It required every student to buy a computer.
• D. It replaced all textbooks overnight.

Q24｜Inference（推論）

Question: What can be inferred about academic results?

• A. All borrowers have gained higher grades.
• B. The scheme was proved to lower test scores.
• C. The school no longer evaluates learning.
• D. The long-term impact is not yet established.

24問の全解答と本文の根拠

問1｜正解 C

正答：Application guides in several languages.

解説：The opening sentence identifies translated application guides.

誤答候補：Free legal representation for all visitors.／Only a new building.／A compulsory training course.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問2｜正解 A

正答：Some questions required specialist knowledge.

解説：Complex legal or medical questions are beyond basic volunteer guidance.

誤答候補：They wanted to stop every translation.／The library had no visitors.／The telephone line was permanently closed.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問3｜正解 B

正答：It asked whether users understood and completed procedures.

解説：The evaluation focused on practical understanding and completed tasks.

誤答候補：It counted only printed pages.／It measured the cost of books.／It required every visitor to pass a legal exam.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問4｜正解 D

正答：It depends partly on a further review.

解説：Managers will review it again before expanding; results remain provisional.

誤答候補：Every branch already has the program.／The service was proved completely ineffective.／The project must end immediately.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問5｜正解 B

正答：Broken household items for repair advice.

解説：Residents came with broken objects and sought repair advice.

誤答候補：New products for sale.／School examination papers.／Public-transport timetables.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問6｜正解 D

正答：They required expertise the volunteers lacked.

解説：Safety and missing qualifications explain the referrals.

誤答候補：Electrical work was guaranteed to be inexpensive.／The visitors preferred new furniture.／The group had already closed permanently.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問7｜正解 A

正答：They screened items before accepting repair work.

解説：The new procedure inspects objects at the entrance.

誤答候補：They accepted every device without checking.／They prohibited all conversations.／They replaced all volunteers with students.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問8｜正解 C

正答：Their continuation depends on resources and qualified support.

解説：The passage explicitly conditions continuation on staff and funding.

誤答候補：The group has guaranteed unlimited sessions.／Safety considerations are no longer important.／The volunteers must repair all devices.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問9｜正解 D

正答：Watering gardens.

解説：The opening sentence gives garden watering as an example.

誤答候補：Providing guaranteed drinking water.／Replacing all sewer systems.／Heating public buildings.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問10｜正解 B

正答：Stored rainwater is not automatically safe for consumption.

解説：The text explicitly separates non-drinking uses from drinking safety.

誤答候補：Rainwater always contains salt.／Every tank is illegal.／Gardens never require water.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問11｜正解 C

正答：They considered needs, rainfall, and maintenance.

解説：Advisers used household circumstances rather than a single universal rule.

誤答候補：They always chose the largest tank.／They checked only the tank’s color.／They banned small systems.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問12｜正解 A

正答：They may differ among households.

解説：Rainfall and usage vary, and officials did not promise equal benefits.

誤答候補：Every resident will save the same amount.／Large tanks guarantee water during droughts.／The center has already proved universal savings.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問13｜正解 A

正答：Customer responses became slower.

解説：The passage reports longer response times in some departments.

誤答候補：All employees refused remote work.／The company lost its internet access.／Office buildings were permanently closed.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問14｜正解 C

正答：Employees were unsure who was available for urgent work.

解説：Unclear availability prevented efficient routing of requests.

誤答候補：Customers could not use email anywhere.／Managers had banned every phone call.／All team members were on holiday.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問15｜正解 D

正答：It introduced common contact hours and clearer transfers.

解説：The shared hours and inquiry-transfer process were the response.

誤答候補：It stopped collecting feedback.／It demanded immediate full-time commuting.／It removed its customer service system.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問16｜正解 B

正答：It remains subject to further evaluation.

解説：Leaders have not decided and will monitor outcomes.

誤答候補：More remote work is already guaranteed.／Remote work was judged impossible for every employee.／The company will ignore customer needs.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問17｜正解 B

正答：The amount of litter collected.

解説：More material was collected than the previous month.

誤答候補：The number of local authorities.／The price of public transport.／The number of beaches in the country.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問18｜正解 D

正答：Volunteer numbers and search areas had changed.

解説：The samples were collected under different conditions.

誤答候補：No records were kept at either event.／The beach had been permanently closed.／The equipment was identical at every location.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問19｜正解 A

正答：They will use fixed areas and record collection time.

解説：Standardized areas and timed collections are the new method.

誤答候補：They will stop recording waste types.／They will invite no volunteers.／They will estimate values without observations.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問20｜正解 C

正答：They do not necessarily prove pollution became worse.

解説：More volunteers and a larger area could explain part of the total.

誤答候補：They always prove contamination doubled.／They show waste entering the sea stopped.／They are unrelated to survey effort.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問21｜正解 C

正答：Tablets.

解説：The opening sentence identifies loaned tablets.

誤答候補：Professional repair tools.／Free train tickets.／Printed entrance examinations.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問22｜正解 A

正答：Their internet connections were unreliable.

解説：A device without reliable internet did not fully solve access.

誤答候補：Their devices were all confiscated.／The school had banned all assignments.／Every student had completed the work.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問23｜正解 B

正答：It provided downloadable materials and supervised study space.

解説：The school added offline materials and a study room.

誤答候補：It ended all human assistance.／It required every student to buy a computer.／It replaced all textbooks overnight.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

問24｜正解 D

正答：The long-term impact is not yet established.

解説：Officials say more time is needed to measure academic performance.

誤答候補：All borrowers have gained higher grades.／The scheme was proved to lower test scores.／The school no longer evaluates learning.。本文にない内容や設問の種類に合わない記述は選びません。

誤答したときの4つの確認

• Whatを間違えた場合：本文の主語と述語を確認し、実際に起きた出来事を特定。
• Whyを間違えた場合：because、due to、as a resultなどの因果を確認。
• Howを間違えた場合：introduced、responded by、changed toなど対応の動詞を確認。
• Inferenceを間違えた場合：some/may/not yet/depends onなど限定と確実性を維持。

14日間の問題文読解トレーニング

• 1日目：長文1の4問。サービスの内容・理由・対応・拡大の条件を分ける。
• 2日目：長文2の4問。修理会の安全と受入手順を区別する。
• 3日目：長文3の4問。雨水の用途・安全・導入条件を整理。
• 4日目：長文4の4問。在宅勤務の利点・遅れ・連絡改善を確認。
• 5日目：長文5の4問。清掃量と汚染悪化を混同しない。
• 6日目：長文6の4問。端末貸出と学習成果を区別する。
• 7日目：全24問の「設問の動詞・疑問詞」に下線を引き、根拠を再確認。
• 8〜10日目：各長文の4種類の問いを自分で英語に言い換えてみる。
• 11〜12日目：誤答にある過剰な断定を自然な限定表現へ修正する。
• 13日目：未見の長文でWhat／Why／How／Inferenceがどの段落に対応するか確認。
• 14日目：英検協会公式過去問の長文内容一致7問を解き、問いの種類と根拠の一致を検証。

ほかの慶英会の無料教材

長文4択のひっかけ24問・誤答72件／段落要旨の独自6長文・18問／this・theseなど指示語の16問。

よくある質問

英検準1級の長文にWhat・Why・Howが必ず出ますか？

公式が毎回この4種類を同数出題すると決めているわけではありません。本教材は設問理解を練習する独自の分類です。

What can be inferredは本文に書いていない内容を選ぶのですか？

本文の根拠から無理なく導ける範囲を選びます。本文に根拠のない推測を自由に加えるものではありません。

WhyとHowの違いは何ですか？

Whyは原因や理由、Howは方法や過程を問うのが基本です。前後の文脈にも注意してください。

同じ単語を含む選択肢が正解ですか？

必ずしもそうではありません。数量・主体・時制・因果・限定を比較します。

この長文6本は協会の過去問ですか？

いいえ。慶英会のオリジナル英文で、形式の完全再現や出題予測を保証しません。

英語の全文訳を先に作るべきですか？

理解を深める学習には使えますが、初見で設問の焦点と必要な本文根拠を探す練習も重要です。

慶英会の英検準1級・長文読解無料体験

慶英会では長文の失点を、語彙・主節・段落の役割・設問の読み違い・選択肢の解釈に分けて確認します。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談はこちらからご相談いただけます。

参考にした主な公式情報

• 日本英語検定協会「準1級の試験内容」：長文空所補充6問・内容一致7問
• 日本英語検定協会「準1級の過去問・解答」

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