英検準1級のdiffer・vary・distinguish・differentiate・compareの違い【独自40問・全解説】

英検準1級の長文では、differ・varyは「違いや変動がある」という状態、distinguish・differentiate・compareは「違いを見分ける・比較する」という行為を示すことが多く、同じ「異なる」と訳すだけでは論理を読み違えます。慶英会の独自40問（英文比較12・4択12・誤文訂正8・長文4篇8問）を、自然な日本語訳・根拠・全解説付きで無料公開します。

英検準1級の公式出題形式には語句空所補充18問、長文空所補充6問、内容一致7問が含まれます。本教材は独自に作成した語法・読解の演習で、英検公式過去問ではありません。

結論｜5つの表現を主語・目的語・前置詞から区別する

• A differs from B：AとBは異なるという状態。The two systems differ in cost. のように「何が違うか」はinで示せる。
• A varies by region／over time：地域や時間によって変動する。Prices vary by region.／Results vary across seasons.
• distinguish A from B：AとBを識別する。distinguish fact from opinion／distinguish between the two。
• differentiate A from B：差を見分ける・区別する、あるいは特徴によって異なるものにする。differentiate between groups。
• compare A with B：AとBを比較して共通点・違いを見る。compare A to Bも自然な文脈がある。前置詞を一律に一つだけ正しいとしない。
• 重要：「二つの結果が異なる」だけでは誰が比較したかは分からない。調査が比較を実施したことと、因果関係を証明したことも別。

演習A｜英文の和訳と比較対象12問

1. A1. The two estimates differ in how they measure transport costs.
2. A2. Electricity prices vary by region.
3. A3. Researchers must distinguish correlation from causation.
4. A4. The school compared the results of two optional programs.
5. A5. The committee distinguished between confirmed facts and preliminary claims.
6. A6. The number of visitors varies considerably across seasons.
7. A7. The new design differs from the original in several ways.
8. A8. The company tried to differentiate its services from those of competitors.
9. A9. The town compared travel times before and after the timetable change.
10. A10. The findings varied with the weather conditions.
11. A11. It was difficult to distinguish the two versions of the document.
12. A12. The researchers found differences but did not prove what caused them.

演習B｜文脈4択12問

13. B1. The two approaches ___ considerably in their operating costs. (A) vary to (B) differ (C) distinguish (D) compare of
14. B2. The price of the service may ___ according to the number of users. (A) vary (B) difference (C) distinguish to (D) contrasting
15. B3. Students were asked to ___ fact from opinion in the article. (A) differ (B) vary (C) distinguish (D) comparing
16. B4. The team will ___ the revised method with the original method. (A) differ (B) vary (C) distinction (D) compare
17. B5. The two reports ___ from each other in their estimates. (A) differ (B) distinguish (C) compare of (D) vary to
18. B6. Results can ___ widely between years because conditions change. (A) differentiate to (B) vary (C) distinction (D) compare for
19. B7. The new feature was designed to ___ the product from similar devices. (A) differing (B) varying (C) differentiate (D) comparing
20. B8. It is necessary to ___ the two sets of results before reaching a conclusion. (A) differ from (B) vary from (C) distinction (D) compare
21. B9. The school timetable ___ from the schedule used last year. (A) differs (B) distinguishes (C) comparative (D) varies to
22. B10. Fuel consumption can ___ depending on the route and vehicle. (A) differentiate (B) vary (C) difference (D) comparison
23. B11. Scientists should ___ between a measurement error and a real change. (A) differ (B) varying (C) distinguish (D) compare of
24. B12. The research compared the trial results ___ those from the earlier survey. (A) of (B) by (C) into (D) with

演習C｜前置詞・語形・要約の誤りを訂正8問

25. C1. The two reports differ with each other in several ways.
26. C2. Prices vary to the region.
27. C3. The student could not distinguish a fact to an opinion.
28. C4. The company differentiated its service to other services.
29. C5. The team compare the two estimates yesterday.
30. C6. The findings were varied across seasons.（「季節によって変動した」という意味）
31. C7. Original: The two programs differed in cost. Wrong summary: Researchers proved that one program caused the difference.
32. C8. Original: Usage varied by district. Wrong summary: Every district had the same usage rate.

演習D｜オリジナル長文4篇・内容一致8問

長文1｜交通費の比較調査

A fictional municipality compared the operating costs of two shuttle-bus routes. The routes differed in length, and passenger numbers varied across weekdays. Researchers adjusted their calculations to reflect these conditions. However, the council warned that the comparison alone could not establish which route would be more accessible to residents who had difficulty walking. It requested feedback from different passengers before making a final decision.

33. D1. What was compared? (A) All school buildings (B) The operating costs of two routes (C) Every resident’s income (D) Only the vehicles’ colors
34. D2. What remained uncertain? (A) Whether buses operated (B) Whether passenger numbers varied (C) Which route would offer better accessibility for some residents (D) Whether the municipality existed

長文2｜教育制度の違い

A school examined two optional study programs. They differed in lesson length but used similar materials. Teachers compared attendance and feedback, noting that the results varied by students’ schedules. The principal explained that higher attendance in one program did not prove it improved learning more effectively. The school planned to distinguish the effects of lesson content from the effects of transport and available time in its next review.

35. D3. What was one clear difference between the programs? (A) Lesson length (B) The existence of all teachers (C) Every student’s grades (D) The town’s population
36. D4. What did the principal avoid concluding? (A) That attendance was recorded (B) That schedules could matter (C) That similar materials were used (D) That higher attendance proved better learning

長文3｜測定方法の相違

In a fictional scientific project, two teams measured air quality using different devices. Their estimates differed, although both teams followed their written procedures. An independent analyst compared the readings and tried to distinguish equipment problems from genuine changes in the environment. The findings varied with temperature and humidity, so further tests were planned before the results were used to justify permanent policy changes.

37. D5. What did the analyst try to distinguish? (A) The names of every engineer (B) The prices of all buses (C) Device problems from actual environmental changes (D) School subjects from museum exhibits
38. D6. Why were further tests needed? (A) Every device had stopped (B) Readings varied with conditions and causes were uncertain (C) Both teams ignored procedures (D) The policy had already been completed

長文4｜商品説明の比較

A community cooperative wanted to help residents choose between two service plans. Staff compared the monthly fees and explained how the plans differed in the number of visits included. Demand varied across neighborhoods. The cooperative aimed to distinguish the actual features of each plan from advertising claims that had not been verified. It published a clear comparison but emphasized that a cheaper price would not necessarily make one plan suitable for every household.

39. D7. In what way did the plans differ? (A) The number of visits included (B) The language spoken by every resident (C) The number of schools in the district (D) The location of a laboratory
40. D8. Which statement matches the cooperative’s view? (A) Cheap plans suit everyone (B) Advertising claims were fully verified (C) All demand was identical (D) Suitability depends on more than price alone

全40問の正解・日本語訳・詳しい解説

A｜英文比較12問

1. A1：二つの推計は交通費の測定方法が異なる。differ in how …＝何の点で異なるか。
2. A2：電気料金は地域によって変わる。vary by region。
3. A3：研究者は相関と因果を区別しなければならない。distinguish A from B。
4. A4：学校は二つの選択制講座の結果を比較した。compare＝比較する行為。
5. A5：委員会は確認済みの事実と暫定的な主張を見分けた。distinguish between。
6. A6：来訪者数は季節により大きく変動する。vary across seasons。
7. A7：新設計は元の設計といくつかの点で異なる。differ from A in …。
8. A8：会社は自社サービスを競合他社のものと差別化しようとした。differentiate A from B。
9. A9：町は時刻表変更の前後の所要時間を比較した。前後比較で、原因の証明までは示さない。
10. A10：結果は気象条件に伴って変化した。vary withは条件とともに変動する用法。
11. A11：二つの文書の版を見分けるのは難しかった。distinguish the two。
12. A12：研究者は違いを発見したが、その原因は証明しなかった。差の観測と因果の立証は別。

B｜語法4択12問

13. B1 正解B・differ：approaches differ in costs。
14. B2 正解A・vary：利用者数に応じて料金が変動する。
15. B3 正解C・distinguish：distinguish fact from opinion。
16. B4 正解D・compare：compare one method with another。
17. B5 正解A・differ：differ from each other。
18. B6 正解B・vary：results vary between years。
19. B7 正解C・differentiate：differentiate the product from competitors。
20. B8 正解D・compare：compare two sets of results。
21. B9 正解A・differs：timetable differs from last year。
22. B10 正解B・vary：vary depending on route and vehicle。
23. B11 正解C・distinguish：distinguish between two causes。
24. B12 正解D・with：compared results with earlier data。compare toを許す文脈もあるが、この空所ではwithが唯一の適切な選択肢。

C｜語形と意味の訂正8問

25. C1：The two reports differ from each other in several ways. differ from。
26. C2：Prices vary by region. 地域別の変動を表す。
27. C3：The student could not distinguish a fact from an opinion. distinguish A from B。
28. C4：The company differentiated its service from other services. differentiate from。
29. C5：The team compared the two estimates yesterday. 過去時制。
30. C6：The findings varied across seasons. 自動詞varyで変動を表す。被動的なwere variedはこの意味に合わない。
31. C7：The two programs differed in cost. 差が存在したことだけで原因を研究者が証明したわけではない。
32. C8：Usage varied by district. 地区によって異なったので、同率という要約は誤り。

D｜オリジナル長文4篇・内容一致8問

33. D1 正解B：compared the operating costs of two shuttle-bus routes。
34. D2 正解C：could not establish which route would be more accessible。利便性は未確認。
35. D3 正解A：differed in lesson length。授業の長さ。
36. D4 正解D：higher attendance … did not prove … learning more effectively。
37. D5 正解C：distinguish equipment problems from genuine changes。
38. D6 正解B：findings varied with temperature and humidity。原因と精度の検証が必要。
39. D7 正解A：plans differed in the number of visits included。
40. D8 正解D：cheaper price would not necessarily make … suitable for every household。

英検準1級の長文・英文要約での応用

The results differed.は「結果が異なった」で、The researchers compared the results.は「研究者が結果を比較した」という調査行為です。The difference was caused by the program.まで述べるには追加の証拠が必要です。名詞のdifferenceやvariationを使って要約するときも、結果と原因の区別を保持しましょう。

7日間の復習プラン

1. 1日目：A12問の対象・比較軸を確認
2. 2日目：B12問を解き前置詞を復習
3. 3日目：C8問を文法・因果の観点から訂正
4. 4日目：D4長文8問の本文根拠を特定
5. 5日目：differ from／differ in／vary byの例文を作る
6. 6日目：distinguish／differentiate／compareを使って二つの結果を説明
7. 7日目：英検公式過去問の調査・社会科学の長文へ応用

FAQ｜よくある質問

differとdifferentiateは同じですか？

differは「異なる」という状態を述べる自動詞です。differentiateは区別する、区別を示す、あるいは差別化する行為・作用を表すことがあります。

varyとdifferのどちらが正しいですか？

どちらも差を表せる場面があります。varyは地域・季節・人などの間での変動を述べるのに便利です。differは比較した対象の違いを述べます。文型と文脈で判断してください。

compare toとcompare withはどちらが正しいですか？

両方使われます。使われ方に傾向の違いはありますが、compare toを常に誤文とはしません。比較の目的と文脈を確認しましょう。

40問の正答率から準1級CSEスコアを算出できますか？

できません。慶英会独自の語法教材で、英検公式の採点・難度分布を再現していません。

慶英会の関連無料教材・学習相談

不足・欠如を表す語彙40問／問題への対処と解決40問／報道・調査の長文3題15問。

慶英会は準1級の英単語・構文を、初見の長文や英文要約に正確に応用できるよう個別指導しています。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談はこちら。

参考にした公式・辞書情報

日本英語検定協会｜準1級の試験内容／Cambridge Dictionary｜differentiate／Cambridge Dictionary｜differ／Cambridge Dictionary｜vary。確認日：2026年10月28日。全40問の英文・解答は慶英会が独自制作しました。