英検4級長文の理由・目的・結果を見抜く独自32問｜because・to・soの違い【4長文・全訳・根拠解説】

英検4級の長文で『なぜ？』『何のため？』『その結果どうなった？』を混同すると、本文の単語が分かっていても失点につながります。becauseは原因・理由、to＋動詞の原形は目的、soは結果を示すことがあります。この慶英会独自教材では、4つの長文・32問を通して理由・目的・結果・予定変更の関係を確認します。すべて全文和訳と本文根拠付きです。

英検4級の一次試験はリーディング35分・リスニング約30分で、長文内容一致選択は合計10問です。日本英語検定協会「4級の試験内容」。この32問は本文の因果関係を読むための独自追加演習であり、公式の出題形式や合格ラインを模したものではありません。

理由・目的・結果 ／ 独自32問 ／ 全訳・全解答 ／ 復習

英語の理由・目的・結果はどう違う？

原因・理由： I stayed home because it rained.（雨が降ったので家にいました）。目的： I went to the library to borrow a book.（本を借りるために図書館に行きました）。結果： It rained, so I stayed home.（雨が降り、その結果家にいました）。

Whyで尋ねられたとき、実際には動機・目的を答えることもあります。『起きた原因』『行動で実現したかったこと』『その後の結果』を本文の位置と前後関係から見分けます。becauseの後には一般に節、目的のto不定詞の後には動詞の原形が続きます。ただしtoには別の用法もあります。

慶英会オリジナル長文4題・32問

各英文を読んで8問ずつ答えます。本文中のbecause、so、to、insteadなどの語に印を付け、答えの根拠になる一文を示してください。

長文1｜雨の日の園芸クラブ

英文（独自制作）
Our school gardening club planned to plant flowers outside on Saturday. It rained heavily that morning, so our teacher closed the garden. We moved to the science room instead. To learn about plants, we looked at pictures of flowers and put seeds in small cups. We used clear cups to see how the roots grew. Mai wrote the name of each plant on its cup because we used three different kinds of seeds. At the end of the lesson, the teacher asked us to take one cup home to watch it grow. Next week, we will bring our notes to school and compare our plants.

問1. Why did the teacher close the garden?
A. It rained heavily. ／ B. The students were late. ／ C. The plants were sold. ／ D. The teacher was sick.

問2. Where did the club go instead?
A. The school gym. ／ B. The science room. ／ C. The bus station. ／ D. The town hall.

問3. Why did they look at pictures and plant seeds?
A. To sell flowers. ／ B. To decorate the school. ／ C. To learn about plants. ／ D. To find a lost book.

問4. Why were clear cups useful?
A. They were free. ／ B. They were large. ／ C. They had names on them. ／ D. Students could see roots.

問5. Why did Mai write plant names?
A. The class used three kinds of seeds. ／ B. She wanted a prize. ／ C. The cups were old. ／ D. The teacher wanted new books.

問6. What was each student asked to take home?
A. A school map. ／ B. One cup. ／ C. A garden chair. ／ D. A picture book.

問7. What will the students bring next week?
A. Money. ／ B. Flowers from a store. ／ C. Their notes. ／ D. Paper plates.

問8. Which is the result of the rain?
A. The school closed forever. ／ B. All plants were sold. ／ C. The students canceled learning. ／ D. The class worked indoors.

長文2｜古本市で寄付を集める

英文（独自制作）
Class Two held a used-book sale on Friday because the students wanted to buy picture books for a children’s reading room. They collected old books from their families. Some books had missing pages, so they did not sell those books. The teacher suggested two prices because some books were much larger than others. Small books were two dollars and large books were five dollars. Parents and students came to the sale, and the class earned 140 dollars. The students decided to spend 120 dollars on new books and keep 20 dollars for next year’s reading event. They were happy because the sale helped other children.

問9. Why did Class Two hold the book sale?
A. To buy sports shoes. ／ B. To buy picture books for children. ／ C. To pay for a train trip. ／ D. To build a swimming pool.

問10. Why did they decide not to sell some books?
A. They were too heavy. ／ B. They were too expensive. ／ C. Some pages were missing. ／ D. The books were in another town.

問11. Why did the teacher suggest two prices?
A. There were no buyers. ／ B. There were two teachers. ／ C. The books were all new. ／ D. Some books were much larger.

問12. How much did a small book cost?
A. Two dollars. ／ B. Five dollars. ／ C. Twenty dollars. ／ D. 140 dollars.

問13. How much money was earned?
A. 120 dollars. ／ B. 140 dollars. ／ C. 20 dollars. ／ D. 100 dollars.

問14. How much will be used to buy new books?
A. 20 dollars. ／ B. 140 dollars. ／ C. 120 dollars. ／ D. Five dollars.

問15. What will the remaining 20 dollars be for?
A. Buying food today. ／ B. Paying a fine. ／ C. A trip this month. ／ D. Next year’s reading event.

問16. Why were the students happy?
A. They helped other children. ／ B. They finished classes early. ／ C. The books were free. ／ D. They won a sports game.

長文3｜料理教室でサンドイッチを作る

英文（独自制作）
Nina joined a cooking class on Sunday to make lunch for her family. The class planned to make sandwiches and fruit cups. Before cooking, the teacher asked everyone to wash their hands. Some bread was not fresh, so the teacher bought new bread nearby. Nina’s friend Leo did not eat chicken, so he made a cheese sandwich instead. Nina cut apples and oranges while Leo prepared the plates. They finished at eleven thirty and took photos of the food to show their families. Nina brought her sandwich home, but Leo ate his lunch at school before leaving.

問17. Why did Nina join the class?
A. To visit her aunt. ／ B. To buy a camera. ／ C. To make lunch for her family. ／ D. To learn to swim.

問18. Why did the teacher buy new bread?
A. The shop was closing. ／ B. Nina forgot the plates. ／ C. Leo wanted more lunch. ／ D. Some bread was not fresh.

問19. What did the teacher ask everyone to do first?
A. Wash their hands. ／ B. Take photos. ／ C. Buy apples. ／ D. Go home.

問20. Why did Leo make a cheese sandwich?
A. The cheese was free. ／ B. He did not eat chicken. ／ C. He did not have bread. ／ D. He wanted fruit only.

問21. What did Nina prepare for the fruit cups?
A. Rice and eggs. ／ B. Bread and meat. ／ C. Apples and oranges. ／ D. Milk and cheese.

問22. What did Leo do while Nina cut fruit?
A. Wait for a bus. ／ B. Go shopping. ／ C. Read a book. ／ D. Prepare the plates.

問23. Why did they take photos?
A. To show their families. ／ B. To win a soccer match. ／ C. To return them to the shop. ／ D. To sell a camera.

問24. Where did Leo eat his lunch?
A. At the station. ／ B. At school. ／ C. At Nina’s home. ／ D. On the train.

長文4｜修理中の博物館と灯台

英文（独自制作）
Ken and his aunt visited a seaside town during a school vacation. They wanted to visit a museum about boats. They took an early bus because they did not want to arrive late. However, the museum was closed for repairs, so they visited a lighthouse instead. Ken took photos of the sea to use in his school project. His aunt bought a postcard because she wanted to send it to a friend. They ate sandwiches near the station at noon. They took a later bus home because Ken wanted to watch the sunset. Although they could not visit the museum, they enjoyed the day. The next day Ken wrote a short report about the lighthouse.

問25. What had Ken and his aunt planned to visit?
A. A zoo. ／ B. A school. ／ C. A museum about boats. ／ D. A football stadium.

問26. Why did they take an early bus?
A. The tickets were free. ／ B. A friend asked them to. ／ C. The lighthouse opened early. ／ D. They did not want to arrive late.

問27. Why could they not visit the museum?
A. It was closed for repairs. ／ B. They had no camera. ／ C. They lost their lunch. ／ D. It was too small.

問28. Where did they go instead?
A. To a sports center. ／ B. To a lighthouse. ／ C. To a library. ／ D. To a school.

問29. Why did Ken take sea photos?
A. To sell them. ／ B. To send them to his aunt’s friend. ／ C. To use them in his school project. ／ D. To take them to a store.

問30. Why did his aunt buy a postcard?
A. To pay the bus driver. ／ B. To use in a lesson. ／ C. To decorate the lighthouse. ／ D. To send it to a friend.

問31. Why did they take a later bus?
A. Ken wanted to see the sunset. ／ B. The museum opened. ／ C. They could not find lunch. ／ D. They wanted to go swimming.

問32. What did Ken do the following day?
A. Buy a new camera. ／ B. Write a report about the lighthouse. ／ C. Go back to the museum. ／ D. Meet a science teacher.

全32問の正答・根拠・全文和訳

長文1｜雨の日の園芸クラブ｜和訳と解答

全文和訳
学校の園芸クラブは土曜に外で花を植える予定でしたが、朝の大雨で先生が庭を閉めました。代わりに理科室に移り、植物を学ぶために写真を見たり小さなカップに種を植えたりしました。根がどう育つか観察するため透明なカップを使いました。3種類の種を使ったため、マイはそれぞれのカップに植物の名前を書きました。先生は生徒にカップを1つ持ち帰り成長を観察するよう頼みました。来週ノートを持ってきて比べます。

問1：A（It rained heavily.）
根拠：It rained heavily … so our teacher closed the garden
解説：大雨が理由。

問2：B（The science room.）
根拠：We moved to the science room instead
解説：代替の場所は理科室。

問3：C（To learn about plants.）
根拠：To learn about plants
解説：行動の目的を示す不定詞。

問4：D（Students could see roots.）
根拠：to see how the roots grew
解説：透明カップを使った目的。

問5：A（The class used three kinds of seeds.）
根拠：because we used three different kinds of seeds
解説：種類を区別する必要があった。

問6：B（One cup.）
根拠：take one cup home
解説：持ち帰ったのはカップ。

問7：C（Their notes.）
根拠：bring our notes to school
解説：観察ノートを持参。

問8：D（The class worked indoors.）
根拠：We moved to the science room instead
解説：雨の結果として室内で活動。

長文2｜古本市で寄付を集める｜和訳と解答

全文和訳
2組は子ども向け読書室の絵本を買うため、金曜日に古本市を開きました。家族から古本を集めましたが、ページが抜けている本は売りませんでした。大きさに差があるため、先生は2つの価格を提案。小さい本は2ドル、大きい本は5ドルです。保護者と生徒が来て140ドルの収入となりました。120ドルを新しい本に使い、20ドルを来年の読書イベント用に残します。ほかの子どもの役に立ったので喜びました。

問9：B（To buy picture books for children.）
根拠：wanted to buy picture books for a children’s reading room
解説：開催の目的。

問10：C（Some pages were missing.）
根拠：Some books had missing pages
解説：売らない原因は欠損。

問11：D（Some books were much larger.）
根拠：because some books were much larger than others
解説：サイズ差が理由。

問12：A（Two dollars.）
根拠：Small books were two dollars
解説：小さい本の価格。

問13：B（140 dollars.）
根拠：the class earned 140 dollars
解説：全収入と用途別金額を区別。

問14：C（120 dollars.）
根拠：spend 120 dollars on new books
解説：新しい本に使う金額。

問15：D（Next year’s reading event.）
根拠：keep 20 dollars for next year’s reading event
解説：来年の活動のために残す。

問16：A（They helped other children.）
根拠：because the sale helped other children
解説：喜んだ理由を表すbecause節。

長文3｜料理教室でサンドイッチを作る｜和訳と解答

全文和訳
ニナは家族の昼食を作るため、日曜の料理教室に参加しました。サンドイッチとフルーツカップを作る予定です。先生は調理前に手を洗うよう指示しました。パンの一部が新鮮ではなかったため新しいパンを買いました。レオは鶏肉を食べないので代わりにチーズサンドイッチを作りました。ニナがリンゴとオレンジを切る間、レオは皿を用意。11時30分に終わり、家族に見せるため写真を撮りました。ニナはサンドイッチを持ち帰り、レオは学校で食べました。

問17：C（To make lunch for her family.）
根拠：to make lunch for her family
解説：参加目的は昼食作り。

問18：D（Some bread was not fresh.）
根拠：Some bread was not fresh, so … bought new bread
解説：原因と結果。

問19：A（Wash their hands.）
根拠：Before cooking … wash their hands
解説：調理前の手洗い。

問20：B（He did not eat chicken.）
根拠：Leo did not eat chicken, so he made a cheese sandwich
解説：鶏肉を食べないのが理由。

問21：C（Apples and oranges.）
根拠：Nina cut apples and oranges
解説：切った果物。

問22：D（Prepare the plates.）
根拠：while Leo prepared the plates
解説：同時に行っていたこと。

問23：A（To show their families.）
根拠：to show their families
解説：撮影した目的。

問24：B（At school.）
根拠：Leo ate his lunch at school
解説：ニナと行動を区別。

長文4｜修理中の博物館と灯台｜和訳と解答

全文和訳
ケンとおばは学校の休暇に海辺の町へ行きました。船の博物館を見学する予定で、遅れないよう早いバスに乗りました。しかし博物館は修理で休館していたため、代わりに灯台へ行きました。ケンは学校の課題で使うため海の写真を撮り、おばは友人に送るため絵葉書を買いました。正午に駅の近くでサンドイッチを食べました。ケンが夕日を見たかったので遅いバスで帰り、博物館には入れませんでしたが一日を楽しみました。翌日ケンは灯台のレポートを書きました。

問25：C（A museum about boats.）
根拠：They wanted to visit a museum about boats
解説：当初の目的地。

問26：D（They did not want to arrive late.）
根拠：because they did not want to arrive late
解説：早いバスを選んだ理由。

問27：A（It was closed for repairs.）
根拠：museum was closed for repairs
解説：修理による休館。

問28：B（To a lighthouse.）
根拠：visited a lighthouse instead
解説：代わりに行った場所。

問29：C（To use them in his school project.）
根拠：to use in his school project
解説：写真撮影の目的。

問30：D（To send it to a friend.）
根拠：because she wanted to send it to a friend
解説：購入目的。

問31：A（Ken wanted to see the sunset.）
根拠：because Ken wanted to watch the sunset
解説：帰りが遅くなった理由。

問32：B（Write a report about the lighthouse.）
根拠：The next day Ken wrote a short report
解説：翌日の行動。

理由・目的・結果を混同しない7日間復習

1日目：32問を解いて「理由・目的・結果・具体的事実」に分類します。2日目：because・so・to＋原形の前後で何が起きたかを読み直します。3日目：根拠文を日本語に訳してから自分の言葉で理由を説明します。5日目：本文を見ずに設問を読み、どの語句を探すか予想します。7日目：別の初見の英文で同じ手順を試します。

たとえば『The teacher bought new bread because some bread was not fresh.』なら新しく買った原因は古いパンの状態です。『They took photos to show their families.』なら撮影の目的は家族に見せることです。さらに『The museum was closed, so they went to a lighthouse.』なら灯台訪問は閉館に対する結果です。

関連教材：会話で次に何をするかを判断する40問 ／ 英検4級の長文の言い換え40問 ／ Reading無料問題集・大問別。

よくある質問

Q. 英検4級の長文はWhyの問題ばかりですか？
いいえ。人物・場所・日時・数量・行動など幅広く問われます。本教材は因果関係が読めない場合の補助演習です。

Q. becauseとsoは同じように使えますか？
原因と結果の関係を表しますが、文の組み方が異なります。『I stayed home because it rained.』と『It rained, so I stayed home.』は原因と結果の位置に注目します。

Q. toの後はいつも目的ですか？
いいえ。toには方向を示す前置詞など別の用法もあります。『to＋動詞の原形』で行動の目的を表す場合を中心に練習しています。

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