慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検1級Writing・慶英会独自第40セット。英文要約2題（指定90〜110語）、意見英作文2題（200〜240語）、原文への忠実性を確かめる24の独自修正課題と全解答を掲載しています。今回の主題は防潮水門の自動化、学校の整備済みノートパソコン調達、大学の最終研究発表、旧工場の公共施設転用です。読んで理解し、書いて検証できる無料教材です。
英検1級Writingは英文要約1題・意見英作文1題で、英文要約の指定は90〜110語です。日本英語検定協会｜1級試験内容、公式の英文要約指示文をご参照ください。本教材の英文や答案は慶英会独自作成で、公式過去問の転載ではありません。
続きの無料教材：Writing第41セット｜英文要約2題・英作文2題・修正24問。初見で解いた後、解答根拠・誤答理由まで復習してください。
最初に解く手順｜主張・制約・反論・結論
- 要約原文を初見で読み、背景と目的、期待される便益、問題点、代案、決定段階を各1行で整理する。
- 模範を見ず90〜110語でまとめる。数字や因果を本文にない形へ強めない。
- 意見英作文は冒頭で立場を示し、独立する2〜3理由、合理的な反対論への応答、明確な結論を書く。
- 答案を内容・構成・語彙・文法の観点から点検し、翌日もう一度独力で書き直す。
英文要約1｜防潮水門の自動運転と地域の洪水判断
設問：以下の独自英文を読み、重要な留保を残して90〜110語に英語で要約してください。
A fictional coastal municipality is considering automatic controls for tidal gates that protect low-lying neighborhoods from seawater entering a river during storms. Supporters say sensors and predicted tides could allow quicker decisions than waiting for staff to reach the gates, particularly at night. They also hope that remote monitoring will reduce the burden on employees responsible for several locations.
Engineers warn, however, that closing a gate can prevent seawater from entering while also trapping rainwater flowing from inland areas. If heavy rainfall and a high tide occur together, the safest decision may depend on drainage capacity and the condition of nearby pumps. A system that performs correctly under normal conditions could produce dangerous results if a sensor fails or communication is interrupted. Local fishermen also note that gate operations may affect access to certain river areas.
The municipality therefore proposed testing automated recommendations while keeping trained operators able to intervene. Staff would compare sensor readings with independent measurements and conduct drills for power failures. Community groups asked that alerts explain not only whether a gate is open or closed but also which streets might experience flooding. This would require coordination among river managers, emergency services and public information officers.
Before making the system permanent, officials will examine response times, false alarms, drainage impacts, maintenance costs and how easily residents can understand warnings. They acknowledge that installing sophisticated controls is not proof of flood safety. The value of automation must be judged by whether it supports accurate decisions across competing risks.
模範答案（101語）
A fictional coastal municipality is considering automatic tidal-gate controls to respond more quickly to storms. Supporters expect faster operations and less staff pressure. However, closing gates can block seawater while trapping inland rainfall, and failed sensors or communications could create new risks. Officials plan to test automated recommendations alongside human oversight, independent measurements and emergency drills. Residents also want warnings that explain practical flooding consequences rather than gate status alone. Before permanent adoption, the city will evaluate response times, false alarms, drainage effects, maintenance costs and public understanding. Automated equipment is useful only if it improves decisions across different flood hazards.
日本語での要旨と論理：架空の沿岸自治体は防潮水門の自動制御を検討する。迅速化が期待される一方、水門を閉じると海水は防げても内陸の雨水が排水できない可能性がある。センサー故障や通信断も問題で、人による介入と独立測定、停電訓練が必要。住民には水門の状態だけでなく具体的な浸水リスクを伝え、誤報・費用・理解度を評価して導入を判断する。
誤読を防ぐ修正課題12問
Q1 誤：The gates are now operated entirely without people. 正：Officials are considering automation with human oversight. 解説：導入予定と運用済みの差。
Q2 誤：Closing a tidal gate always prevents flooding. 正：Closing a gate can trap rainwater inland. 解説：水の流れの条件を保持。
Q3 誤：Sensors cannot fail during storms. 正：Sensors or communication may fail. 解説：故障リスクを落とさない。
Q4 誤：All rainfall drains naturally after closure. 正：Drainage capacity and pumps affect the outcome. 解説：排水の制約。
Q5 誤：The plan would abolish human operators. 正：Trained operators would retain intervention powers. 解説：人間の監督がある。
Q6 誤：Only faster gate closure matters. 正：Response times and wider flood consequences matter. 解説：指標の拡大。
Q7 誤：Fishermen support every operation unconditionally. 正：Some fishermen worry about access to river areas. 解説：利害の違い。
Q8 誤：The city already proved the system’s safety. 正：The city plans tests before permanent adoption. 解説：検証段階。
Q9 誤：Public alerts need only say if gates are closed. 正：Alerts should explain practical risks to streets. 解説：利用者の行動を重視。
Q10 誤：One sensor reading is considered sufficient. 正：Independent measurements are proposed. 解説：単一指標で断定しない。
Q11 誤：Maintenance costs are irrelevant. 正：Maintenance expenses are part of evaluation. 解説：費用は必要な論点。
Q12 誤：Technology alone guarantees safety. 正：Automation must support sound decisions across risks. 解説：中心結論。
英文要約2｜学校向け整備済みノートパソコン調達と長期利用
設問：以下の独自英文を読み、重要な留保を残して90〜110語に英語で要約してください。
A fictional school district is considering buying professionally refurbished laptops rather than purchasing only new devices. Supporters hope to reduce electronic waste and provide more computers within a limited education budget. Several schools have older software applications that do not require the newest hardware, and teachers say spare devices could help students who lack computers at home.
However, technology managers caution that a lower purchase price does not necessarily mean a lower total cost. Batteries may have less remaining life, replacement parts can become difficult to obtain, and some devices may stop receiving security updates earlier than newer models. A uniform purchasing policy might also fail to serve classes that use specialized graphics software. School staff would need clear standards for inspecting equipment and safely removing previous users’ data.
Officials proposed comparing groups of refurbished and new laptops over two school terms. They would record failure rates, repair times, software compatibility and the cost of technical support. Some teachers requested that the district also measure how often students could complete assignments without interruption rather than treating the number of devices distributed as proof of educational benefit. A small pool of loaner machines might reduce disruption if repairs take time.
Before expanding procurement, the district plans to assess total ownership expenses, cybersecurity, accessibility and students’ actual learning opportunities. It has not decided that refurbished equipment will replace every new purchase. The pilot illustrates that environmental and financial benefits depend on reliable use throughout a device’s remaining life, not on a low initial invoice alone.
模範答案（102語）
A fictional school district is considering refurbished laptops to reduce electronic waste and expand access within its budget. Supporters expect savings and additional devices for students, but technology staff warn that aging batteries, limited security updates, repairs and software compatibility can raise long-term costs. Officials propose comparing refurbished and new computers over two school terms, including failure rates, technical support and students’ ability to complete assignments. Loaner devices may reduce interruptions. The district has not ruled out buying new equipment for specialized needs. Before expanding, it will assess total ownership costs, security, accessibility and educational usefulness rather than simply counting distributed computers.
日本語での要旨と論理：架空の学区は整備済み中古パソコンの購入を検討する。初期費用と電子ごみ削減の利点があるが、電池寿命、セキュリティ更新、修理、ソフト対応による長期費用が問題。新品と整備済み品を2学期比較し、配布台数ではなく故障・支援費・授業課題の実施可能性を検証する。専門授業では新品も残す。
誤読を防ぐ修正課題12問
Q13 誤：Every school has already switched to used computers. 正：The district is considering a mixed procurement strategy. 解説：計画段階。
Q14 誤：Refurbished computers always cost less overall. 正：Their long-term costs may exceed initial savings. 解説：初期費用と総費用を区別。
Q15 誤：All students use identical software. 正：Some classes require specialized software. 解説：用途の違いを反映。
Q16 誤：Older batteries are guaranteed to last longer. 正：Battery life may be shorter. 解説：保証とは逆。
Q17 誤：Security updates are unrelated to school computers. 正：Security support is part of the evaluation. 解説：安全・情報保護。
Q18 誤：Repair delays have no effect on learning. 正：Repair delays may interrupt assignments. 解説：学習機会への影響。
Q19 誤：The district refuses to buy new laptops. 正：Some needs may justify new equipment. 解説：二者択一ではない。
Q20 誤：Only the number of devices matters. 正：Students’ successful use also matters. 解説：アウトカムを評価。
Q21 誤：The two device groups were already proven equal. 正：The district plans to compare them. 解説：検証予定と結果を分ける。
Q22 誤：Data from previous users need not be removed. 正：Data must be safely cleared from refurbished devices. 解説：情報安全を保持。
Q23 誤：The district will not consider accessibility. 正：Accessibility is included in planned assessment. 解説：利用可能性。
Q24 誤：The objective is to minimize each invoice regardless of quality. 正：The objective is reliable educational value over time. 解説：目的のすり替え。
意見英作文1｜Should universities require students to defend their final projects in a public presentation?
200〜240語で自分の立場と理由、具体的な条件、反対論への回答を書いてください。模範は一例で、唯一の正解ではありません。
模範答案（223語）
Universities should offer structured opportunities for students to defend major final projects orally, although public presentations should not be compulsory in exactly the same form for everyone. A balanced policy can improve learning while respecting different circumstances.
First, explaining work to an audience tests understanding in ways that written submissions alone may not. A student can sometimes produce a polished report without being able to explain why a particular method was chosen. Reasonable questions encourage learners to identify assumptions, defend evidence and recognize limitations.
Second, presentations can develop communication skills. Graduates may need to discuss research with colleagues who have different backgrounds. Translating complex findings into clear language is valuable, particularly when the results are uncertain or could affect practical decisions.
Third, oral defense creates opportunities for constructive feedback. Faculty members and peers may notice alternative explanations or ethical concerns that a student overlooked. A transparent assessment process can turn this discussion into a meaningful part of education rather than a ceremonial performance.
Critics rightly warn that public speaking requirements can disadvantage students with certain disabilities or anxiety-related needs. Institutions should offer reasonable accommodations, smaller audiences or equivalent formats. They must also protect confidential research and personal information.
Overall, final-project defense is worthwhile when it evaluates reasoning rather than performance style. Universities should prioritize rigorous, accessible assessment over a single rigid presentation rule.
日本語での論旨：大学の最終研究には口頭で根拠を説明する機会を設けたい。文章だけでは見えない理解、他者へ説明する能力、建設的な質疑を評価できる。ただし障害や守秘情報への配慮から、全員に全く同じ公開発表を強いる必要はない。
意見英作文2｜Should cities convert disused industrial buildings into community spaces rather than demolish them?
200〜240語で自分の立場と理由、具体的な条件、反対論への回答を書いてください。模範は一例で、唯一の正解ではありません。
模範答案（211語）
Cities should seriously consider adapting unused industrial buildings for community purposes, but conversion should not automatically take priority over demolition. The best option depends on safety, financial costs and local demand.
First, existing buildings may provide valuable space for libraries, workshops or cultural activities without requiring completely new construction. Reusing structures can preserve parts of a neighborhood’s history and may reduce waste. However, the benefits depend on the building’s condition and the changes needed to make it suitable.
Second, carefully designed projects can strengthen local participation. Residents and small organizations may gain affordable places for meetings or educational activities. Consultation is essential because a renovated landmark is of limited public value if its services do not meet actual needs.
Third, adaptive reuse allows cities to compare different long-term investments. Demolition and replacement have costs, but old industrial buildings can also require expensive structural reinforcement, environmental cleanup and energy upgrades. Decisions should therefore consider lifecycle expenses rather than merely celebrate the preservation of a facade.
Opponents argue that some buildings are too dangerous or poorly located to justify adaptation. That concern is reasonable. Independent inspections and realistic funding plans must precede any commitment.
In conclusion, reuse is an important option for urban renewal, provided that safety and sustained community benefits are demonstrated.
日本語での論旨：使われなくなった工場の公共施設転用は、建物の歴史保存と地域活動の拠点整備につながり得る。しかし耐震・汚染除去・空調などの長期費用、立地、実需を比較すべきであり、必ず保存するという一律方針には反対する。
主張を勝手に強くしない4つの確認点
- may・could・mightは確定効果と同義ではない。
- 試行を検討中、試行中、正式に採用済みの区別を保つ。
- 単一の指標は全体の成果を保証しない。例：配布台数と学習達成、機器の導入と洪水安全。
- 利点だけに要約を偏らせず、必要な制約や今後の評価も残す。
よくある質問
英検1級の英文要約は何語ですか？
2025年度以降の英検協会公式の指示は90〜110語です。原文の立場と重要点を保持した上で、指定語数に収めます。
意見英作文では反論を必ず書くべきですか？
固定の反論段落が唯一の形式ではありません。主張と理由を首尾一貫させることが優先で、反対意見への対応は論理を深める方法の一つです。
この教材の語数はどう数えていますか？
英単語を空白と句読点で区切る独自カウントで確認しています。ハイフンで結んだ表現は一語として扱うため、公式の採点上の扱いを保証するものではありません。
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する