慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
慶英会・英検1級Reading無料模試第44セット。語彙22問、長文空所6問、内容一致7問の計35問・全140択を独自作成。データセンター排熱、天体観測を守る光害対策、デジタル美術の長期保存、橋の低炭素コンクリートが主題です。全問の解答・短文の全文訳・語義88択と長文の要旨・誤答理由を掲載しています。
英検協会の1級Readingは短文語句空所22問・長文空所6問・内容一致7問です（英検協会の試験内容）。このページの英文・問題・解答は慶英会の独自制作で公式過去問ではありません。
続きの無料教材：Reading第45セット｜語彙22・長文空所6・内容一致7。初見で解き、解答の根拠と誤答の原因まで確認してください。
35問を読むときの着眼点
- 語彙は空欄と主語・目的語との関係を確認する。
- 長文空所は利点と制約、対策と評価のつながりを考える。
- 内容一致は確定事項・仮説・予定を区別する。
- 解答後に誤答の断定や前提が本文に合わない理由を説明する。
第1部｜短文語彙空所22問
Q1
The council agreed to _____ the proposed calculation only after examining the underlying transport records.
- A. disavow
- B. endorse
- C. evade
- D. refute
Q2
A serious _____ between the two laboratories’ results prompted additional tests.
- A. discrepancy
- B. consensus
- C. dividend
- D. incentive
Q3
Officials introduced a _____ exemption for applicants facing specific accessibility barriers.
- A. blanket
- B. arbitrary
- C. narrowly tailored
- D. perfunctory
Q4
The research conclusion remained _____ because important comparison data were missing.
- A. unassailable
- B. unequivocal
- C. irrevocable
- D. tentative
Q5
The supplier promised to _____ the origins of all figures in its cost report.
- A. obscure
- B. document
- C. invalidate
- D. conflate
Q6
The evidence did not _____ expanding the trial to every region immediately.
- A. warrant
- B. preclude
- C. repudiate
- D. embellish
Q7
The charity was criticized for _____ eligibility rules that changed between applicants.
- A. consistent
- B. transparent
- C. arbitrary
- D. equitable
Q8
Keeping a second communications route would provide _____ during an outage.
- A. exposure
- B. attrition
- C. obsolescence
- D. redundancy
Q9
The model needs to _____ changes in water use caused by seasonal weather.
- A. account for
- B. rule against
- C. brush aside
- D. dispense with
Q10
The backup-generator failure was an _____ factor in the prolonged closure.
- A. immaterial
- B. aggravating
- C. exonerating
- D. unrelated
Q11
The report included an _____ of whether savings would last after the pilot.
- A. assertion
- B. omission
- C. assessment
- D. exemption
Q12
The absence of information about how participants were recruited raises concerns about _____.
- A. maintenance
- B. compliance
- C. restitution
- D. selection bias
Q13
Engineers recommended a _____ transition rather than replacing every system overnight.
- A. phased
- B. irrevocable
- C. instantaneous
- D. unqualified
Q14
The teams will _____ observation methods so their measurements can be compared.
- A. conceal
- B. standardize
- C. dilute
- D. abrogate
Q15
A single unusual result should not be treated as _____ evidence of long-term change.
- A. preliminary
- B. anecdotal
- C. conclusive
- D. unverified
Q16
Some residents remained _____ about the scheme because its costs were unclear.
- A. unequivocal
- B. enthusiastic
- C. unconcerned
- D. skeptical
Q17
The supplier’s warranty is _____ on completion of an independent inspection.
- A. contingent
- B. intrinsic
- C. unilateral
- D. pervasive
Q18
High registration numbers did not establish _____ interest in the service.
- A. nominal
- B. sustained
- C. transient
- D. hypothetical
Q19
Shared equipment could help in _____ the cost of specialist services.
- A. inflating
- B. obscuring
- C. defraying
- D. retracting
Q20
Auditors considered the explanation _____ because it contradicted signed records.
- A. plausible
- B. well-founded
- C. uncontroversial
- D. untenable
Q21
A bus restriction may produce _____ effects in adjacent districts.
- A. spillover
- B. conclusive
- C. contingent
- D. negligent
Q22
The research center will _____ a correction notice rather than silently replace previous results.
- A. suppress
- B. issue
- C. disavow
- D. conceal
第2部｜長文空所6問
データセンター排熱と地域の暖房
A fictional northern town is evaluating whether heat generated by a nearby data center could be used to warm public buildings. Servers release heat while operating, and supporters hope that capturing part of it could reduce the fuel consumed by ordinary boilers. The first proposal identified a library and a community clinic close to the data center as possible users.
Engineers caution that the captured heat may not be warm enough to use directly. Heat pumps and new pipes might be necessary, consuming electricity and requiring maintenance. Demand also changes throughout the year, whereas computer equipment may operate continuously. Officials therefore need to [23] _____ before publishing estimates of fuel savings.
Some residents worry that the public buildings would become dependent on one private company. If the operator relocated or reduced its activities, the town could lose its heating source. Contract terms should clearly allocate responsibility for system failure, replacement equipment and emergency backup. The plan calls for [24] _____ rather than treating heat availability as a guarantee of service.
Officials are comparing a short demonstration network with improvements to individual heating systems. They will measure delivered heat, additional electricity, losses, operating costs and outages across seasons. The principal goal is [25] _____, not the largest amount of heat captured in a publicity campaign.
Q23
- A. consider temperature, seasonal demand and the energy needed for heat recovery
- B. assume every unit of heat can be used without equipment
- C. guarantee that heating demand stays constant throughout the year
- D. ignore the buildings’ existing heating systems
Q24
- A. an immediate commitment to purchase the largest network
- B. clear duties for backup supply, failures and long-term costs
- C. a rule that prevents public oversight of contracts
- D. proof that private operations will never change
Q25
- A. maximizing new pipes without measuring service
- B. replacing every boiler without a budget
- C. achieving measurable energy benefits with reliable heating
- D. guaranteeing that data centers never experience outages
天文台を守る光害対策と歩行者の視認性
A regional observatory and several fictional neighboring towns are discussing ways to reduce unnecessary light emitted toward the night sky. Researchers explain that brightly illuminated clouds and streets can make faint astronomical objects harder to observe. Supporters also expect improved lighting design to reduce energy waste and intrusive glare around homes.
However, streets need enough visibility for people walking to transit stops or crossing roads. Switching off all lights is not an acceptable general solution. Engineers have proposed shielding fixtures and adjusting brightness according to pedestrian activity. The challenge is [26] _____, rather than simply making every outdoor space dark.
Some businesses worry that replacing existing equipment will be expensive. Officials are comparing the cost of targeted shielding, timers and new fixtures. They plan to invite residents with different mobility needs to test street conditions at night. A responsible assessment should [27] _____ and disclose when results vary between neighborhoods.
The pilot will record sky brightness, electricity use, maintenance, perceived safety and actual visibility at selected crossings. The observatory wants to [28] _____, combining better observations with appropriate public access.
Q26
- A. removing all lighting without any public consultation
- B. reducing upward light while preserving useful visibility
- C. closing the observatory to protect the environment
- D. assuming lighting has no impact on electricity use
Q27
- A. count only the number of lamps replaced
- B. ignore pedestrian experiences
- C. compare sky conditions with visibility, maintenance and costs
- D. dismiss every business concern automatically
Q28
- A. ban every source of light permanently
- B. maximize the number of resident complaints
- C. replace every lamp before testing
- D. support observations and public safety through evidence-based adjustments
第3部｜長文内容一致7問
インタラクティブなデジタル美術作品の長期保存
A fictional museum has acquired interactive digital art created for computing systems that are no longer widely used. One installation responds to a visitor’s movements, while another changes its visual output according to information obtained from a network service that has since closed. Conservators want to preserve more than still images, because the artists originally designed experiences that changed as people interacted with them.
Simply copying the artwork’s files does not ensure that the work will remain usable. Original controllers, displays and software may be difficult to repair. Recreating their behavior through emulation could help visitors experience parts of the installations, but timing, color or responses might differ from the originals. A reconstruction may therefore improve access while also changing aspects of the art itself.
Questions of permission are equally important. Purchasing the physical equipment does not necessarily give the museum the right to distribute all software components. Certain installations also collect information about visitors, raising questions about whether records of their interactions should be kept and who may examine them. Preservation, public display and redistribution can require separate decisions.
The museum has proposed detailed documentation of original behavior, secure copies, version histories and careful tests of reconstructed environments. Where possible, conservators will consult artists or representatives about which features are essential. They acknowledge that perfect recreation may sometimes be impossible, particularly when a work relies on a service that no longer exists.
Before investing in a permanent system, the museum will compare costs for maintaining original hardware and for building usable reproductions. It will also test how accurately the works respond to visitors and whether rights and privacy rules are respected. A high count of copied files is not, by itself, evidence of successful conservation.
Q29
Why does ordinary file copying not ensure successful preservation?
- A. The works can depend on obsolete hardware and interactions that files alone cannot recreate.
- B. All artists have prohibited museum preservation.
- C. Digital software never becomes unusable.
- D. The installations were made for current computers.
Q30
What is a risk of emulating old digital art?
- A. It guarantees all historic computers will remain available.
- B. Some timing or behavior may change from the artist’s original work.
- C. All underlying copyright automatically transfers to the museum.
- D. Visitor privacy becomes irrelevant.
Q31
Which approach is consistent with the conservation team’s proposal?
- A. Discard source files once reproduction works.
- B. Publish every component without permission.
- C. Document original behavior and later changes while checking rights and costs.
- D. Assess only how many files were copied.
橋の低炭素コンクリートと施工の安全
A fictional transport agency is considering lower-emission concrete mixtures for maintenance of aging bridges. Manufacturers report that changes to manufacturing materials may reduce certain emissions, and officials hope that the project could support environmental goals without abandoning necessary infrastructure repairs.
Engineers warn that a lower carbon figure at the factory does not automatically establish lower emissions throughout the lifetime of a bridge. Some mixtures develop strength at different rates or respond differently to salt and repeated freezing and thawing. If a material needs more frequent repairs, its long-term benefits may be smaller than early promotional figures suggest.
Comparing suppliers is also difficult because estimates may cover different activities. One producer may report emissions from manufacturing only, whereas another includes transport to the building site. Without consistent boundaries, a seemingly favorable number may not represent the same thing as its competitor’s estimate. Independent assessment could help clarify these differences.
Contractors raise practical concerns about training and supply. Important bridges cannot be closed for long periods without affecting emergency vehicles and local commerce. A new material that requires unfamiliar curing procedures might be suitable in one setting but problematic where rapid reopening is essential.
The agency proposes trials on selected less critical structures, monitoring strength, durability, maintenance, repair times and total life-cycle emissions. Decisions about wider use will depend on verified outcomes rather than assuming that every low-emission product performs equally well in all conditions.
Q32
Why are factory emission figures not enough to judge the concrete?
- A. Long-term durability and repair requirements also affect the total impact.
- B. Every concrete mixture has identical strength.
- C. No bridges are exposed to adverse weather.
- D. Only the appearance of the material matters.
Q33
Why can supplier emissions estimates be difficult to compare?
- A. No manufacturer can estimate its production process.
- B. Reports may include different stages such as transport or only manufacturing.
- C. All companies use exactly the same accounting method.
- D. Construction delays never affect real projects.
Q34
Why does the agency propose limited trials?
- A. It aims to abolish all bridge maintenance.
- B. The material has already been proven unsafe.
- C. Local evidence about strength, durability and construction is still needed.
- D. Every conventional repair must be prohibited.
Q35
What outcome best fits the agency’s objective?
- A. The greatest number of promotional announcements.
- B. The lowest factory figure regardless of service life.
- C. Immediate replacement of every bridge structure.
- D. Reliable long-term reductions in emissions without compromising bridge safety.
全35問の解答・日本語訳と根拠
語彙22問｜短文和訳と選択肢の意味
Q1：B endorse。全文和訳：議会は基礎となる交通記録を確認してから計算方法を承認することにした。理由：endorse＝支持・承認する
Q2：A discrepancy。全文和訳：二研究所の結果の大きな食い違いが追加試験のきっかけになった。理由：discrepancy between A and B＝不一致
Q3：C narrowly tailored。全文和訳：当局は特定の利用障壁を抱える申請者に対象を絞った例外を導入した。理由：narrowly tailored＝対象を限定して設計された
Q4：D tentative。全文和訳：比較データが不足し研究結論は暫定的なままだった。理由：tentative＝確定していない
Q5：B document。全文和訳：業者は費用報告の数値の出典を全て記録すると約束した。理由：document＝根拠を記録する
Q6：A warrant。全文和訳：証拠は全地域への即時拡大を正当化するほど十分ではなかった。理由：warrant＝正当化する根拠になる
Q7：C arbitrary。全文和訳：応募者ごとに変わる恣意的な資格基準が批判された。理由：arbitrary＝合理的な一貫性のない
Q8：D redundancy。全文和訳：通信停止の際、第二の回線が予備機能になる。理由：redundancy＝故障時の予備の重複性
Q9：A account for。全文和訳：モデルは季節的な水使用の変化を考慮する必要がある。理由：account for＝〜を考慮する
Q10：B aggravating。全文和訳：予備発電機の故障は長期閉鎖を悪化させる要因だった。理由：aggravating＝悪化させる
Q11：C assessment。全文和訳：報告には試行後の節約が続くかの評価が含まれた。理由：assessment of whether＝〜かどうかの評価
Q12：D selection bias。全文和訳：参加者の集め方が不明で選択バイアスが懸念される。理由：selection bias＝選定の偏り
Q13：A phased。全文和訳：技術者は一夜で交換するのでなく段階的な移行を推奨した。理由：phased＝段階を踏んだ
Q14：B standardize。全文和訳：二チームは比較のため観測方法を標準化する。理由：standardize＝方法を統一する
Q15：C conclusive。全文和訳：一度の異常値は長期変化の決定的証拠ではない。理由：conclusive＝決定的な
Q16：D skeptical。全文和訳：費用が不明確で住民の一部は制度に懐疑的だった。理由：skeptical about＝〜を疑わしく思う
Q17：A contingent。全文和訳：業者の保証は独立点検の完了を条件とする。理由：contingent on＝〜を条件とする
Q18：B sustained。全文和訳：登録者数が多くても持続的な関心は立証されなかった。理由：sustained＝持続する
Q19：C defraying。全文和訳：共有機器は専門サービス費の一部を賄う助けとなり得る。理由：defray costs＝費用を賄う
Q20：D untenable。全文和訳：監査員は署名済み記録に反する説明を維持できないと判断した。理由：untenable＝正当化できない
Q21：A spillover。全文和訳：バスの規制は近隣地区へ波及効果をもたらし得る。理由：spillover effects＝他の地区への影響
Q22：B issue。全文和訳：研究機関は旧結果を黙って差し替えず訂正通知を出す。理由：issue a correction＝訂正を公表する
長文空所6問｜全24択の解答と日本語要旨
データセンター排熱と地域の暖房・要旨
架空の北部自治体がデータセンター排熱を公共施設の暖房へ利用する案。温度不足ならヒートポンプが必要で、季節需要や管路損失、電力費、民間運営会社の撤退時の供給途絶が問題。熱回収量でなく実際の供給・燃料・総費用を評価する。
Q23：A consider temperature, seasonal demand and the energy needed for heat recovery。解説：温度・季節需要・追加電力を検討する必要。 誤答：Bは装置不要と断定、Cは季節差を無視、Dは比較対象を捨てる。
Q24：B clear duties for backup supply, failures and long-term costs。解説：故障時・長期費用・供給責任を明確にする。 誤答：Aは試行前の過大投資、Cは説明責任を放棄、Dは不確実性を否定する。
Q25：C achieving measurable energy benefits with reliable heating。解説：省エネと暖房の確実性が主目的。 誤答：Aは設備数のみ、Bは費用無視、Dは不可能な保証。
天文台を守る光害対策と歩行者の視認性・要旨
天文台近くの光害を減らす案では、安全な横断や駅への歩行も考慮する。一律消灯ではなく光の向きや時間による調光で、天体観測への影響・消費電力・歩行者の視認性を比較する。
Q26：B reducing upward light while preserving useful visibility。解説：必要な歩行の視認性と光害削減を両立。 誤答：Aは安全を無視、Cは目的と逆、Dは電力費を無視。
Q27：C compare sky conditions with visibility, maintenance and costs。解説：光害・視認性・費用の実測を比較する。 誤答：Aは設備台数のみ、Bは利用者を排除、Dは事業者の負担を消す。
Q28：D support observations and public safety through evidence-based adjustments。解説：観測と公共安全を両立する調整。 誤答：Aは全面消灯、Bは無意味、Cは検証前の一律導入。
内容一致7問｜全28択の解答と日本語要旨
インタラクティブなデジタル美術作品の長期保存・要旨
架空の現代美術館が旧コンピューター用の双方向作品を保存する。ファイルだけ残しても旧型機器やサービスの挙動を再現できず、エミュレーションで体験が変わる可能性がある。展示・再配布の権利、来館者データ、版履歴、維持費を含めて長期的な保存の実効性を評価する。
Q29：A The works can depend on obsolete hardware and interactions that files alone cannot recreate.。解説：作品の体験が旧機器や操作と結び付いている。 誤答：Bは全面禁止と創作、Cは陳腐化を無視、Dは旧システムを逆にする。
Q30：B Some timing or behavior may change from the artist’s original work.。解説：再現で動作や色が変わり得る。 誤答：Aは機器の確保を保証しない、Cは権利が別、Dは個人情報問題が残る。
Q31：C Document original behavior and later changes while checking rights and costs.。解説：元の挙動・変更・権利を記録しながら評価。 誤答：Aは原資料を破棄、Bは権利を無視、Dは代理指標に依存。
橋の低炭素コンクリートと施工の安全・要旨
低炭素コンクリートで橋を補修する場合、工場での排出だけでなく輸送、養生、塩分・凍結融解に対する耐久性、将来修理も含めて比較する必要がある。計算範囲の違いを揃え、交通へ与える影響を見ながら試行する。
Q32：A Long-term durability and repair requirements also affect the total impact.。解説：長期耐久性と補修も排出を左右する。 誤答：Bは材料差を否定、Cは塩害・凍結を無視、Dは見た目のみ。
Q33：B Reports may include different stages such as transport or only manufacturing.。解説：算定境界の違いで数字の意味が変わる。 誤答：Aは計測自体を否定、Cは前提の違いを消す、Dは施工上の制約を否定。
Q34：C Local evidence about strength, durability and construction is still needed.。解説：安全性と実際の施工条件を確認する。 誤答：Aは維持放棄、Bは失敗確定と誤読、Dは全面禁止と創作。
Q35：D Reliable long-term reductions in emissions without compromising bridge safety.。解説：長期の環境負荷と安全の両立が必要。 誤答：Aは広報だけ、Bは工場のみ、Cは一律導入。
4つの長文を横断する復習
- 排熱：理論上の熱量と使える暖房エネルギーを区別。
- 夜の照明：上方への光を減らしても安全な視界を維持する。
- デジタル芸術：ファイルの保存と元の体験の保存は異なる。
- 橋梁：工場での排出量と実際の施工・長期耐久性を合わせて考える。
よくある質問
英検1級Readingは35問ですか？
公式では短文空所22問・長文空所6問・内容一致7問の合計35問です。
この英文は公式過去問ですか？
いいえ。慶英会独自の非公式教材です。公式過去問は英検協会のサイトからご利用ください。
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する