中高一貫校の英語では、語順整序問題で「単語は全部分かるのに並べられない」ということがあります。英語は単語を知っているだけでは文を作れず、主語・動詞・目的語などの位置関係を理解する必要があります。
この記事では、語順整序を「まず骨格を作る→助動詞やbe動詞を置く→修飾語を足す」の順に解く方法を説明し、独自40問で練習します。
結論：並べ替えは「全部を一気に並べない」
- 主語を探す。
- 動詞または助動詞＋動詞を確定する。
- 目的語・補語を置く。
- 場所・時間などを加える。
独自40問
- I / every day / study / English.
- plays / after school / tennis / she.
- did / yesterday / you / what / do?
- is / now / he / studying.
- can / English / speak / she.
- to / I / want / Kyoto / visit.
- likes / books / reading / he.
- more / this / than / difficult / that / problem / is.
- have / I / finished / already / my homework.
- for / here / lived / three years / we / have.
- ever / you / have / been / to / Osaka?
- yesterday / she / watched / a movie.
- will / tomorrow / go / we / there.
- must / your / finish / you / homework.
- at / good / is / tennis / she.
- because / was / I / tired / early / went / I / to bed.
- when / called / was / he / I / studying.
- to / library / went / I / study / the / English / to.
- who / speaks / a student / I / know / English / well.
- the / I / book / yesterday / bought / interesting / is.
- Do not / he / likes / music.
- Does / English / she / study?
- not / we / did / soccer / play.
- will / if / rains / stay / it / we / home.
- can / you / me / help?
- How / have / studied / long / you / English?
- where / know / she / does / he / live?
- important / think / learning / is / I / English.
- to / wants / abroad / study / she.
- why / reason / the / English / study / I / is / to travel.
- always / gets / up / early / he.
- in / lives / Tokyo / my / uncle.
- with / friends / I / my / talked.
- for / waited / the / bus / we.
- more / than / my / is / brother / me / careful.
- not / she / yet / has / arrived.
- already / have / they / eaten / lunch.
- should / people / help / we / others.
- to / wants / English / learn / he.
- fun / was / the / very / trip.
全解答
1. I study English every day. 2. She plays tennis after school. 3. What did you do yesterday? 4. He is studying now. 5. She can speak English. 6. I want to visit Kyoto. 7. He likes reading books. 8. This problem is more difficult than that. 9. I have already finished my homework. 10. We have lived here for three years.
11. Have you ever been to Osaka? 12. She watched a movie yesterday. 13. We will go there tomorrow. 14. You must finish your homework. 15. She is good at tennis. 16. I was tired, so I went to bed early. 17. I was studying when he called. 18. I went to the library to study English. 19. I know a student who speaks English well. 20. The book I bought yesterday is interesting.
21. He does not like music. 22. Does she study English? 23. We did not play soccer. 24. If it rains, we will stay home. 25. Can you help me? 26. How long have you studied English? 27. Does he know where she lives? 28. I think learning English is important. 29. She wants to study abroad. 30. The reason why I study English is to travel.
31. He always gets up early. 32. My uncle lives in Tokyo. 33. I talked with my friends. 34. We waited for the bus. 35. My brother is more careful than me. 36. She has not arrived yet. 37. They have already eaten lunch. 38. We should help other people. 39. He wants to learn English. 40. The trip was very fun.
語順整序の3秒ルール
まず主語、次に動詞、次に目的語・補語。その後に場所や時間を置きます。疑問文なら疑問詞＋助動詞・be動詞＋主語、否定文なら助動詞やbe動詞の後のnotを意識すると整理しやすくなります。
まとめ
語順整序は、単語を個別に覚える問題ではありません。英文の骨格を先に決め、残りの語を機能ごとに置く練習を続けることで、初見問題にも対応しやすくなります。
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
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