英検2級長文の指示語this・these・they・such｜何を指すか段落を越えて読む独自4長文24問【全訳】

慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介

最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談（Web）｜公式LINEで相談｜料金・無料体験の条件

英検2級の長文でthis・these・they・suchなどが出たら、その文だけでなく前後の文から先行詞を確認します。慶英会独自4長文24問を4択・全文和訳・先行詞の原文根拠付きで制作しました。

結論｜thisは直前の名詞一語ではなく決定全体を指すことも

“This decision”は直前に述べた方針全体を指す場合があります。“These records”は複数の情報、“They”は特定の人々を表します。候補を指示語の代わりに入れて英文が自然につながるか判断してください。

独自長文｜学校の放課後学習室

A secondary school opened a quiet study room for students who could not easily work at home. Some of these students shared small rooms with family members, while others traveled a long distance. Teachers originally planned to keep the study room open until seven every weekday. After two weeks, however, they noticed that few students used it on Tuesdays. They decided to close the room at five on that day only. This change did not affect any other weekday or the regular library hours. Staff continued to record attendance because these figures could help them compare demand. They planned a review at the end of term. Such a review would consider both student needs and the extra cost of supervision.

本文全文和訳：中等学校は家庭で学習しにくい生徒に静かな自習室を開設した。その一部は家族と狭い部屋を共有し、別の生徒は長距離を通っていた。教師は当初毎平日7時まで開ける予定だったが、2週間後に火曜の利用が少ないと分かったため、その日だけ5時に閉めると決めた。この変更はほかの平日や通常の図書館の時間へ影響しない。職員は需要を比べるため出席数の記録を続け、学期末に生徒の需要と監督費用を見直す予定だ。

指示語を読む4択6問

1. 問1：What does ‘these students’ refer to?

   A. All school teachers ／ B. Students who live next to school ／ C. Museum visitors ／ D. Students with difficulty studying at home.

2. 問2：Who does ‘they noticed’ refer to?

   A. Family members ／ B. Library books ／ C. Teachers. ／ D. Students living far away

3. 問3：What is ‘This change’?

   A. Closing the library permanently ／ B. Closing the room at five on Tuesdays. ／ C. Closing every weekday ／ D. Charging an admission fee

4. 問4：What are ‘these figures’?

   A. Daily attendance records. ／ B. Electricity prices ／ C. School grades ／ D. Bus ticket numbers

5. 問5：Who does the later ‘They planned a review’ refer to?

   A. All students ／ B. Families ／ C. Museum workers ／ D. Staff.

6. 問6：What will ‘Such a review’ consider?

   A. Only public transport ／ B. Only exam scores ／ C. Student needs and supervision costs. ／ D. Only the room’s color

6問の正答・和訳・原文根拠

1. D：Students with difficulty studying at home.。和訳：家庭で勉強しにくい生徒。先行詞・根拠：Some of these students follows the opening sentence。
2. C：Teachers.。和訳：教師。先行詞・根拠：Teachers originally planned … they noticed。
3. B：Closing the room at five on Tuesdays.。和訳：火曜の閉室を5時にする変更。先行詞・根拠：close … at five on that day only。
4. A：Daily attendance records.。和訳：日々の出席記録。先行詞・根拠：Staff continued to record attendance。
5. D：Staff.。和訳：職員。先行詞・根拠：Staff continued … They planned。
6. C：Student needs and supervision costs.。和訳：生徒の需要と監督費用。先行詞・根拠：would consider both student needs and the extra cost。

独自長文｜博物館の展示案内の更新

A regional museum tested digital guides for a local crafts exhibition. The guides offered photographs and short explanations. However, some visitors did not own smartphones, and others had difficulty reading small text. These visitors asked for another way to obtain the same information. The museum decided to keep printed descriptions beside the objects and provide a few shared tablets. This decision was intended to improve access without requiring everyone to use the same device. Staff also considered translating captions and offering larger letters. Such improvements would require additional checking and production costs. The museum planned a trial before approving them. It would record device borrowing, but the museum would not treat that number alone as evidence of greater learning.

本文全文和訳：地域博物館は工芸品展示用の電子ガイドを試した。写真と説明を提供したがスマホがない人や小さな文字が読みにくい人もいた。そうした来館者は別の方法を求めたため、博物館は展示物の横の紙の説明を残し、共用端末も用意すると決めた。この決定は全員に同じ端末を使わせず利用しやすさを高めるためだ。説明文の翻訳と文字拡大も検討中だが確認・制作費が必要なので試行を先に行う。機器貸出数は数えても、その数だけで学習成果の証明とはしない。

指示語を読む4択6問

1. 問7：Who are ‘These visitors’?

   A. Every ticket seller ／ B. People without suitable phones or readable text. ／ C. All museum staff ／ D. Only professional translators

2. 問8：What is ‘This decision’?

   A. Keeping printed descriptions and offering shared tablets. ／ B. Closing every gallery ／ C. Replacing all artifacts ／ D. Raising every ticket price

3. 問9：What are ‘Such improvements’?

   A. Buying buses ／ B. Extending opening days ／ C. Replacing the museum roof ／ D. Translating captions and enlarging letters.

4. 問10：What does ‘them’ in ‘approving them’ refer to?

   A. The original crafts ／ B. The admission tickets ／ C. The proposed caption and text changes. ／ D. Museum visitors

5. 問11：What does ‘It would record’ refer to?

   A. The tablet itself ／ B. The museum. ／ C. Every visitor ／ D. The crafts exhibition room

6. 問12：What would not be proved by borrowing counts alone?

   A. Improvement in visitors’ learning. ／ B. That guides existed ／ C. That a device was borrowed ／ D. That staff recorded a count

6問の正答・和訳・原文根拠

1. B：People without suitable phones or readable text.。和訳：スマホがないか文字が読みにくい人。先行詞・根拠：some visitors did not own smartphones … small text。
2. A：Keeping printed descriptions and offering shared tablets.。和訳：紙の説明を残し共用端末を用意する決定。先行詞・根拠：decided to keep … and provide。
3. D：Translating captions and enlarging letters.。和訳：説明文の翻訳と文字拡大。先行詞・根拠：translating captions and offering larger letters。
4. C：The proposed caption and text changes.。和訳：説明文と文字表示の変更案。先行詞・根拠：Such improvements … approving them。
5. B：The museum.。和訳：博物館。先行詞・根拠：The museum planned … It would record。
6. A：Improvement in visitors’ learning.。和訳：来館者の学習が深まったこと。先行詞・根拠：not treat that number alone as evidence of greater learning。

独自長文｜移動図書館の停留所の追加

A town library began delivering books by van to residents who lived far from its building. The van visited three locations each week. Older residents welcomed it because the journey to the main library had been difficult for them. Later, staff learned that people in a fourth neighborhood also wanted a stop. The library considered adding one, but this proposal would increase driving time and costs. Managers asked staff to count requests from that neighborhood and compare them with the current route costs. These records would help the team decide whether the extra stop was practical. The librarians also warned residents that requesting a title did not guarantee immediate delivery. Such requests still had to be checked against the books available.

本文全文和訳：町立図書館は本館から遠い住民のため車で本を届け始め、毎週3か所を回っていた。高齢住民は本館への移動が大変なので歓迎した。後に4番目の地区からも停留所の希望が出て、図書館は追加を検討したが運転時間と費用が増す。管理者はその地区の依頼数と現在の経路費を比較させ、その記録から追加停留所の実用性を判断する。司書は本を依頼しても即時配送とは限らず、利用可能な本を確認する必要があると知らせた。

指示語を読む4択6問

1. 問13：What does ‘it’ in ‘residents welcomed it’ mean?

   A. The library building ／ B. A school meeting ／ C. A new museum ／ D. The book delivery service.

2. 問14：Who wanted a new stop?

   A. Only bus drivers ／ B. The current three stops ／ C. Residents in a fourth neighborhood. ／ D. All librarians

3. 問15：What is ‘this proposal’?

   A. Removing the van ／ B. Adding a fourth delivery stop. ／ C. Closing the library ／ D. Increasing book prices

4. 問16：What are ‘These records’?

   A. Request counts and route costs. ／ B. School test scores ／ C. Weather forecasts ／ D. Personal phone numbers

5. 問17：Who does ‘them’ in ‘compare them’ refer to?

   A. The van’s wheels ／ B. Historical books ／ C. All residents’ ages ／ D. Requests from the new neighborhood.

6. 問18：What are ‘Such requests’?

   A. Requests to drive the van ／ B. Requests for museum tickets ／ C. Requests for books. ／ D. Applications for a job

6問の正答・和訳・原文根拠

1. D：The book delivery service.。和訳：本の配送サービス。先行詞・根拠：van delivering books … residents welcomed it。
2. C：Residents in a fourth neighborhood.。和訳：4番目の地区の住民。先行詞・根拠：people in a fourth neighborhood。
3. B：Adding a fourth delivery stop.。和訳：4か所目の停留所を追加する案。先行詞・根拠：considered adding one。
4. A：Request counts and route costs.。和訳：依頼件数と経路の費用。先行詞・根拠：count requests … compare … route costs。
5. D：Requests from the new neighborhood.。和訳：新地区の本の依頼件数。先行詞・根拠：count requests … compare them with costs。
6. C：Requests for books.。和訳：本の配送・貸出依頼。先行詞・根拠：requesting a title … Such requests。

独自長文｜学校の理科実験用具の整理

Students in a science club borrowed measuring tools for an exhibition. They checked whether every box contained the items listed on its label. A teacher found two boxes with missing cables. The students placed these boxes on a separate shelf and asked the equipment manager to inspect them. This action prevented staff from marking the tools as ready before confirming their contents. Meanwhile, the students cleaned the other cases and attached clear return dates. Such preparation would make the final collection easier. After the exhibition, each group would return its tools for inspection. Staff planned to compare the final inventory with the original records. They had not yet decided whether any damaged parts would need to be replaced.

本文全文和訳：理科クラブの生徒は展示用の計測器具を借り、箱の表示と中身を照合した。教師はケーブルの欠けた箱を二つ見つけたため、生徒は別の棚へ置いて器具担当者に点検を頼んだ。この対応によって内容確認前に使用準備ができたと扱わずに済んだ。一方ほかのケースは清掃し、返却日を明記して回収を容易にした。展示後に各班は借りた用具を点検に返し、職員は最終在庫と初期記録を比較する予定だった。破損部品を交換するかはまだ決めていない。

指示語を読む4択6問

1. 問19：Who does the first ‘They’ refer to?

   A. Parents ／ B. The science club students. ／ C. Only teachers ／ D. Museum workers

2. 問20：What are ‘these boxes’?

   A. The two boxes missing cables. ／ B. All equipment boxes ／ C. Two boxes of books ／ D. New boxes purchased later

3. 問21：What does ‘This action’ refer to?

   A. Buying new devices ／ B. Closing the exhibition ／ C. Returning all tools immediately ／ D. Separating boxes and requesting inspection.

4. 問22：What is ‘Such preparation’?

   A. Canceling all loans ／ B. Writing a science essay ／ C. Cleaning cases and marking return dates. ／ D. Changing classroom colors

5. 問23：What do ‘its tools’ refer to?

   A. Unused museum tickets ／ B. The tools borrowed by each group. ／ C. The school’s library books ／ D. The teacher’s personal phone

6. 問24：What remains undecided?

   A. Whether damaged parts should be replaced. ／ B. Whether the club has students ／ C. Whether boxes have labels ／ D. Whether the exhibition has already occurred

6問の正答・和訳・原文根拠

1. B：The science club students.。和訳：理科クラブの生徒。先行詞・根拠：Students … They checked。
2. A：The two boxes missing cables.。和訳：ケーブルが欠けていた二つの箱。先行詞・根拠：found two boxes with missing cables。
3. D：Separating boxes and requesting inspection.。和訳：箱を分け点検を依頼したこと。先行詞・根拠：placed … separate shelf and asked … inspect。
4. C：Cleaning cases and marking return dates.。和訳：ケースの清掃と返却日表示。先行詞・根拠：cleaned … cases and attached … return dates。
5. B：The tools borrowed by each group.。和訳：各班が借りた用具。先行詞・根拠：each group would return its tools。
6. A：Whether damaged parts should be replaced.。和訳：損傷した部品を交換するか。先行詞・根拠：not yet decided … replaced。

実際の解き方

まず指示語を見つけ、前の1〜2文から人名・物・行動や決定を候補にします。選択肢を指示語と入れ替えて、主語と動作、単数・複数、時間の順序に矛盾がないか確認してください。複数の数値が登場する場合は人数・申込件数・運営費を分けます。

7日間の復習

1日目に指示語へ印を付け、2日目に24問を解き、3日目に先行詞を原文の英語で記録します。4日目はthisとthese、5日目はtheyとsuchの意味を確認し、6日目に全文和訳へ照合。7日目に英検2級の公式長文で同じ方法を使いましょう。

FAQ

thisは必ず直前の名詞を指しますか？

いいえ。前の文で説明された決定や出来事全体を指すこともあります。

theyの先行詞が複数あるときは？

意味と動作の主体、前後の時系列を照合して判断してください。

公式過去問ですか？

いいえ。慶英会独自制作の4長文24問です。

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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する