英検準2級プラスのrun out of・use up・be short of・lack｜不足・使い切る独自40問【全訳】

慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介

最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談（Web）｜公式LINEで相談｜料金・無料体験の条件

英検準2級プラスのEメール・説明文では、run out of・use up・be short of・lackをすべて「足りない」と読むと誤答します。run out of＝なくなる、use up＝使い切る、be short of＝必要数に足りない、lack＝必要な物・情報を欠くが代表的な違いです。慶英会が独自制作した40問（短文12・書き換え12・長文4題16問）で、ゼロになった物とまだ残っている物、予算・時間・資料の欠落を正しく判断します。全解答・全文和訳・数値の根拠付きです。

結論｜在庫ゼロと数量不足を混同しない

• run out of A：Aの残りがなくなる。We have run out of paper.。主語は人や組織で、対象Aがなくなった意味。
• use up A：Aを全部使ってしまう。use up all the batteries。消費する行為を強調する。
• be short of A：Aが必要な量に達していない。be short of three volunteers。残りがゼロとは限らない。
• lack A：必要なAを欠いている。lack a clear explanation / lack evidence。数量不足にも情報・能力などの欠落にも使う。

例えば12個必要なのに10個しかないならshort of two kitsですが、まだ10個あるため「すべてのキットを使い切った」とは言えません。一方、30枚の紙を30枚すべて印刷に使ったならused up all thirty sheetsです。内容一致では、何がゼロで何が少し残っているのかを整理しましょう。

英検準2級プラスの公式形式との関係

日本英語検定協会の準2級プラスのReadingには、短文語句空所補充17問、長文語句空所補充6問、長文内容一致8問があります。公式の試験内容。本記事の英文・数値・設問は慶英会独自の練習教材であり、公式過去問ではありません。

Part 1｜不足・消費・欠落の空所12問

各設問の括弧で指定された熟語を正しい形にして空欄を完成させます。run out ofとuse upの時制、be short ofの数量、lackの目的語に注目してください。

問1

We have ___ paper for the printer, so there is none left.（run out of）

問2

The science team ___ all the batteries during the test.（use up・過去形）

問3

We still have three chairs, but we need eight. We are ___ chairs.（short of）

問4

The report ___ information about the survey’s sample size.（lack）

問5

The event cannot print more tickets because the office has ___ ink.（run out of）

問6

The club decided not to ___ its entire budget in the first week.（use up）

問7

The class has ten volunteers but needs twelve. It is ___ two volunteers.（short of）

問8

The application was rejected because it ___ a required signature.（lack・過去形）

問9

The first group had ___ time before it could finish the final experiment.（run out of）

問10

Students were warned not to ___ the remaining water before reaching the camp.（use up）

問11

The library is ___ large-print copies; it has only two but expects five visitors who need them.（short of）

問12

The proposed plan ___ a clear explanation of how costs will be covered.（lack）

Part 2｜指定表現で書き換える12問

「何個不足」「全部使い切った」「情報が欠けている」という元の内容を保って英文を書き直します。模範解答は一例です。

問13

No paper remained in the printer. Use run out of.

問14

The students consumed all the available paint. Use use up.

問15

There are five tables, but seven are needed. Use short of.

問16

The notice does not contain a return deadline. Use lack.

問17

No spaces remain for the morning workshop. Use run out of.

問18

They spent the whole budget on equipment. Use use up.

問19

The team has two volunteers fewer than required. Use short of.

問20

The report contains no explanation of the result. Use lack.

問21

We have no more time left to prepare. Use run out of.

問22

The activity consumed every remaining battery. Use use up.

問23

The museum needs six guides but has only four. Use short of.

問24

The plan does not include sufficient evidence. Use lack.

Part 3｜学校・科学館・地域活動の独自4長文16問

長文では「在庫はゼロか、単に少ないのか」「何を使い切ったのか」「どの情報が欠けていたのか」を整理します。数量を問うときは、本文の数値を使って計算してから解答しましょう。

長文1｜文化祭のポスター印刷｜在庫ゼロと不足の違い

Reading passage（慶英会独自英文）

A school committee was preparing posters for the annual festival. It had received forty sheets of special paper and planned to print thirty posters. During a test, ten sheets were used up because some designs contained printing errors. The students now had thirty sheets left, exactly enough for the planned posters, but no extra sheets for mistakes. On Thursday, they used up the remaining thirty sheets and completed the posters. When a teacher asked for five additional copies, the committee explained that it had run out of special paper. It was also short of five posters for the new request, but the original order of thirty posters was already complete. The committee then checked its remaining supplies and found that it lacked the correct type of ink for a different printing machine. The members decided not to promise more posters until the new supplies had been confirmed. Their report distinguished between material that was completely gone and resources that were merely insufficient for a larger request.

問25. How many special paper sheets were used in the initial printing test?

A. Five ／ B. Ten ／ C. Thirty ／ D. Forty

問26. How many posters were in the original plan?

A. Ten ／ B. Twenty ／ C. Thirty ／ D. Forty-five

問27. What had happened to the special paper by Thursday?

A. All forty sheets had been used ／ B. Five sheets remained ／ C. Only ten sheets had been used ／ D. The school had purchased more

問28. What was missing for a different printing machine?

A. A teacher ／ B. A new timetable ／ C. A camera ／ D. The correct type of ink

長文2｜科学館の体験講座｜機器の数と時間不足

Reading passage（慶英会独自英文）

A science museum planned a robotics class for twenty-four students. Each pair needed one robot kit, so twelve kits were required. On the morning of the event, the museum had ten working kits. This meant it was short of two kits, not that it had run out of all kits. Staff borrowed two additional kits from a nearby school, making the class possible. During the session, one group used up its spare batteries and could not continue testing until replacements arrived. Other groups still had batteries and kept working. The instructor also noticed that the printed guide lacked a clear diagram of the final assembly step. She wrote a short explanation on the board instead of claiming the guide was complete. At the end of the class, the museum kept track of which equipment had been returned. The staff explained that a local shortage in one group did not mean the entire workshop had failed.

問29. How many robot kits were required for twenty-four students working in pairs?

A. Ten ／ B. Eleven ／ C. Twelve ／ D. Twenty-four

問30. How many working kits did the museum initially have?

A. Ten ／ B. Twelve ／ C. Twenty ／ D. Twenty-four

問31. What did one group use up during the session?

A. Every museum ticket ／ B. All printed guides ／ C. The whole class’s equipment ／ D. Its spare batteries

問32. What information did the printed guide lack?

A. The museum address ／ B. A clear diagram of the final assembly step ／ C. The name of the instructor ／ D. The date of the next lecture

長文3｜地域の河川清掃｜人手不足と物資の消費

Reading passage（慶英会独自英文）

A volunteer group prepared a river cleanup. The organizer estimated that fifteen volunteers were needed to finish the planned tasks safely before noon. Only twelve people registered, so the group was short of three volunteers. It was not correct to say that the cleanup had no volunteers. On the event day, the staff gave out rubbish bags and gloves. After two hours, the group had used up all the small rubbish bags, but several large bags were still available. The organizer asked people to collect only the litter that could be carried safely and promised to order more bags for the next cleanup. The volunteer instructions also lacked a map of the emergency meeting point. A staff member added the map to the digital version before the afternoon session. The report said that the morning team had completed most tasks, but it did not claim that every area of the river had been cleaned.

問33. How many volunteers were missing from the estimated requirement?

A. Two ／ B. Three ／ C. Twelve ／ D. Fifteen

問34. What did the group use up after two hours?

A. Every large bag ／ B. All gloves ／ C. All small rubbish bags ／ D. The emergency maps

問35. What supplies still remained?

A. Several large rubbish bags ／ B. Several small rubbish bags ／ C. No bags of any size ／ D. New robots

問36. What was missing from the volunteer instructions?

A. The time of lunch ／ B. The total river length ／ C. Every volunteer’s name ／ D. A map of the emergency meeting point

長文4｜図書館の無料読書会｜残る資料と参加枠

Reading passage（慶英会独自英文）

A city library offered a free English reading session for thirty students. Every student needed a short reading booklet. Two days before the event, staff counted twenty-six printed booklets and discovered that they were short of four copies. The library printed four more, so there were exactly thirty booklets ready. On the morning of the event, all thirty students attended. The staff gave out one booklet to each student, using up every printed copy. When a late visitor arrived, the librarian explained that there were no booklets left and the room had also reached its capacity. The visitor could download the free digital version later, but could not join that session. The librarian then examined the online instructions and noticed that they lacked information about the next available session. The missing information was added that afternoon. The library planned to print extra copies before the following month’s event.

問37. How many printed booklets were missing two days before the event?

A. Two ／ B. Four ／ C. Twenty-six ／ D. Thirty

問38. How many booklets were ready on the event morning?

A. Twenty-six ／ B. Twenty-eight ／ C. Thirty ／ D. Thirty-four

問39. Why could a late visitor not join that session?

A. The room was full and there were no printed booklets left ／ B. The event had been canceled ／ C. The digital version was not free ／ D. The library was closed all day

問40. What did the online instructions lack?

A. The library address ／ B. A list of all student names ／ C. The price of the digital book ／ D. Information about the next available session

復習｜不足を数値で説明する

• まず各長文で必要数と現時点の数量を書き、差を計算する。
• run out ofとuse upがそれぞれ状態と消費する行為に焦点を置くことを例文で説明する。
• be short of twoは2個・2人不足している意味であり、何もないと解釈しない。
• lack a diagramやlack evidenceなど、数量以外の情報欠落も練習する。
• 翌日・一週間後に4長文を解き直し、どの物資・情報が残っているのか確認する。

FAQ

run out ofとuse upの違いは何ですか？

run out ofは何かがなくなった状態・結果、use upは何かを全部消費する行為を中心に表します。両方を表せる場面もあります。

be short ofは在庫ゼロの意味ですか？

いいえ。必要数に足りない意味です。10個必要なのに8個あるなら、2個不足していると表現できます。

lackは物が足りない場合だけですか？

いいえ。lack information / lack evidence / lack experienceのように情報・証拠・経験が欠けている場合にも使います。

関連する慶英会の無料教材

• enough・sufficient・adequate・plenty of｜十分な量の独自40問
• twice・half・double｜数値・増減の独自40問
• deposit・balance・refundable｜料金の独自40問

英検準2級プラスの語彙・長文と、NEW TREASUREの英文法・定期テストを一緒に対策したい場合は、慶英会の最大1か月無料体験・学習相談をご確認ください。教材は申込み不要・無料です。

出典：日本英語検定協会「準2級プラスの試験内容」。本教材の数値・英文・和訳・解答は慶英会が独自制作しました。

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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する