英検準2級プラス長文のonly if・unless・exceptを読み違えない｜利用条件・例外の独自6長文36問

英検準2級プラスの長文では、語彙が分かっていても、only if（〜の場合に限り）・unless（〜でない限り）・except（〜を除き）・by（〜までに）などを読み違えると、利用できる人、期限、例外、禁止事項の判断を誤ります。慶英会では、図書館・博物館・学校の課題などを題材にした独自英文6本・36問と全解答を用意しました。「原則と例外」を区別し、本文の条件から具体的な場面を判断する練習です。

準2級プラスの公式リーディングには、長文の内容一致選択8問（Eメール・説明文）が含まれます。ただしこの記事は公式形式そのものの再現ではなく、注意書きやルールを読解するための独自追加教材です。正式な問題数と形式は日本英語検定協会・準2級プラスの試験内容をご覧ください。

最初に理解したい6つの表現

• only if：条件を満たす場合に限る。例：You can renew only if nobody has requested it.
• unless：〜でない限り。例：The event will continue unless the weather becomes dangerous.
• except：例外・除外。例：All items are allowed except food.
• by：締切時点を示す。by Friday noonは金曜正午まで。
• at least：下限を含む。at least seven daysは7日以上前。
• younger than / or younger：younger than twelveは12歳未満、twelve or youngerは12歳以下。

問題を解くときは、①対象者、②日時、③原則、④例外を4列に整理します。「12歳未満」と「12歳以下」、「更新可能」と「無条件で更新可能」の違いは特に注意してください。

オリジナル長文6本・4択36問と全解説

長文1｜図書館の貸出・更新・閲覧ルール

Riverside Library allows registered members to borrow up to three regular books for fourteen days. Members may renew a book online once, but only if no other reader has requested it. They must complete the renewal before the original due date. Reference books, including dictionaries from the information desk, must stay inside the library. A child younger than twelve can become a member when a parent signs the application form. Visitors who are not members can read books in the library, but they cannot take them home. A notice near the entrance explains that the library is open on Sundays, although the information desk closes one hour earlier than the reading room.

第1問：How many regular books can one member borrow at a time?

• A. Two
• B. Three
• C. Four
• D. Fourteen

正解：B Three。本文の根拠：up to three regular books。14は日数。

第2問：How long is the standard loan?

• A. Seven days
• B. Ten days
• C. Fourteen days
• D. Twenty days

正解：C Fourteen days。本文の根拠：for fourteen days。

第3問：When may a member renew a book?

• A. Only after the due date
• B. When nobody else has requested it
• C. Whenever they visit another branch
• D. Only when it is a dictionary

正解：B When nobody else has requested it。本文の根拠：only if no other reader has requested it。更新は期限前。

第4問：What if another reader has requested the book?

• A. The member may renew twice
• B. The member must buy it
• C. The member cannot use the online renewal
• D. The book becomes a reference book

正解：C The member cannot use the online renewal。本文の根拠：他の読者の予約があると更新できない。

第5問：Which books must stay inside the library?

• A. Regular novels
• B. Borrowed comics
• C. Reference books
• D. All magazines and newspapers

正解：C Reference books。本文の根拠：reference books … must stay inside。

第6問：What does an eleven-year-old need to become a member?

• A. A teacher’s signature
• B. A parent’s signed application
• C. Two borrowed books
• D. A passport

正解：B A parent’s signed application。本文の根拠：younger than twelve → parent signs the form。

本文読解の復習：対象者・期限・例外・禁止の4項目に線を引き、各設問の根拠を英文から一文ずつ引用して自分で説明してください。答えだけを覚えるより、条件を自分で言い換える練習が効果的です。

長文2｜博物館の入館・団体予約条件

Harbor Museum is open from Tuesday through Sunday, from ten in the morning until five in the afternoon. Visitors must enter by four fifteen, although they may stay until closing time. The permanent exhibition is free for children aged twelve or younger. Special exhibitions require a separate ticket for every visitor, regardless of age. Groups of ten or more must reserve their visit at least seven days in advance. Smaller groups may visit without booking, but guided tours require advance registration for everyone. A family arriving at four thirty cannot enter even if it already bought tickets online. The museum says these rules help staff prepare exhibitions and provide clear information to visitors.

第7問：On which day is the museum closed according to the notice?

• A. Monday
• B. Tuesday
• C. Saturday
• D. Sunday

正解：A Monday。本文の根拠：open Tuesday through Sunday。

第8問：What is the latest allowed entry time?

• A. 4:00 p.m.
• B. 4:15 p.m.
• C. 4:30 p.m.
• D. 5:00 p.m.

正解：B 4:15 p.m.。本文の根拠：must enter by four fifteen。閉館5時と区別。

第9問：Who may see the permanent exhibition free?

• A. All adults
• B. Children aged twelve or younger
• C. Only members of large groups
• D. Everyone who visits on Sunday

正解：B Children aged twelve or younger。本文の根拠：twelve or younger は12歳を含む。

第10問：Who needs a ticket for a special exhibition?

• A. Only visitors over twelve
• B. Only members of groups
• C. Every visitor
• D. Only students

正解：C Every visitor。本文の根拠：regardless of ageなので全員。

第11問：When must a group of eleven book its visit?

• A. At least seven days before
• B. On the morning of the visit
• C. Only after arrival
• D. Exactly one month before

正解：A At least seven days before。本文の根拠：10人以上は少なくとも7日前。

第12問：Can a family enter at 4:30 p.m. with online tickets?

• A. Yes, if they are members
• B. Yes, because closing is at five
• C. No, entry closes at 4:15
• D. Only when the guide agrees

正解：C No, entry closes at 4:15。本文の根拠：すでにチケット購入済みでも最終入場時間が優先。

本文読解の復習：対象者・期限・例外・禁止の4項目に線を引き、各設問の根拠を英文から一文ずつ引用して自分で説明してください。答えだけを覚えるより、条件を自分で言い換える練習が効果的です。

長文3｜オンライン課題の提出・再提出

For this month’s science report, students must upload a PDF to the class website by eight o’clock on Monday evening. Links to cloud documents and photographs of handwritten pages are not accepted as final submissions. Students may replace their uploaded file any number of times before the deadline. After the deadline, a replacement will not be accepted unless the teacher has approved an exception for a reported technical problem. Students must report such problems before eight o’clock on Monday. For group projects, only one member needs to upload the PDF, but the document must show the names of every group member. The teacher will send feedback on Friday.

第13問：What file format is required?

• A. PDF
• B. A link to a cloud document
• C. A photograph
• D. A video

正解：A PDF。本文の根拠：must upload a PDF。

第14問：When is the deadline?

• A. Friday at eight
• B. Monday at eight in the evening
• C. Monday at noon
• D. Tuesday at eight

正解：B Monday at eight in the evening。本文の根拠：by eight o’clock on Monday evening。

第15問：Can a student replace a submitted file at 7:30 p.m. Monday?

• A. No, never
• B. Only on Friday
• C. Yes, before the deadline
• D. Only if the file is a photograph

正解：C Yes, before the deadline。本文の根拠：before the deadline なら何度でも差し替え可能。

第16問：What should a student with technical trouble do?

• A. Report it before eight on Monday
• B. Wait until Friday
• C. Send a photograph without telling anyone
• D. Ask another student to change the deadline

正解：A Report it before eight on Monday。本文の根拠：problems must be reported before eight。

第17問：How many people must upload a group report?

• A. Every group member
• B. Only one member
• C. At least three members
• D. Only the group leader’s parent

正解：B Only one member。本文の根拠：one member needs to upload。

第18問：What must be shown in a group PDF?

• A. Each member’s name
• B. Every student’s home address
• C. A printed photograph
• D. A teacher’s phone number

正解：A Each member’s name。本文の根拠：names of every group member。

本文読解の復習：対象者・期限・例外・禁止の4項目に線を引き、各設問の根拠を英文から一文ずつ引用して自分で説明してください。答えだけを覚えるより、条件を自分で言い換える練習が効果的です。

長文4｜土曜日の音楽ワークショップ

The community music center will hold a workshop on Saturday from nine thirty to eleven thirty. Students aged twelve or older may join. Participants between twelve and fifteen must bring a form signed by a parent or guardian. Online registration closes at six in the evening on Thursday. The center will provide most instruments, but students who choose the violin class need to bring their own violins. Only water is allowed in the practice room; other drinks and food must stay outside. If a severe storm makes travel unsafe, the center will cancel the event and send an email by seven on Saturday morning. Ordinary rain will not cancel the workshop.

第19問：Who may participate?

• A. Only adults
• B. Students aged twelve or older
• C. Children under ten only
• D. Only violin students

正解：B Students aged twelve or older。本文の根拠：aged twelve or older。

第20問：Who needs a signed form?

• A. All adults
• B. Children younger than twelve
• C. Participants aged twelve to fifteen
• D. Only teachers

正解：C Participants aged twelve to fifteen。本文の根拠：between twelve and fifteen。

第21問：When does online registration close?

• A. Thursday at 6:00 p.m.
• B. Saturday at 7:00 a.m.
• C. Friday at noon
• D. Saturday at 11:30 a.m.

正解：A Thursday at 6:00 p.m.。本文の根拠：Thursday six in the evening。

第22問：Who must bring an instrument?

• A. Every participant
• B. Only the students choosing violin
• C. Only students younger than fifteen
• D. Nobody

正解：B Only the students choosing violin。本文の根拠：most provided, but violin students bring their own。

第23問：What may be taken into the practice room?

• A. Snacks
• B. Juice
• C. Water
• D. Hot meals

正解：C Water。本文の根拠：Only water is allowed。

第24問：When will the workshop be canceled?

• A. Whenever it rains
• B. If a severe storm makes travel unsafe
• C. Whenever the class is full
• D. If someone arrives at nine thirty

正解：B If a severe storm makes travel unsafe。本文の根拠：ordinary rain does not cancel。安全上の強い嵐は中止。

本文読解の復習：対象者・期限・例外・禁止の4項目に線を引き、各設問の根拠を英文から一文ずつ引用して自分で説明してください。答えだけを覚えるより、条件を自分で言い換える練習が効果的です。

長文5｜地域農園のボランティア募集

Green Garden is looking for volunteers aged sixteen or older for a Saturday activity. People aged sixteen or seventeen need a signed permission form from a parent or guardian. There are two shifts: nine to eleven in the morning and one to three in the afternoon. Volunteers can choose either shift or both. Everyone must register by noon on Friday. If it rains, the outdoor gardening work will be replaced with indoor seed sorting at the community hall, so the event will still take place. The organizers will provide gloves and tools. Participants should bring drinking water and wear closed-toe shoes. They do not need previous gardening experience.

第25問：What is the minimum volunteer age?

• A. 12
• B. 14
• C. 16
• D. 18

正解：C 16。本文の根拠：aged sixteen or older。

第26問：What does a seventeen-year-old need?

• A. A signed parental permission form
• B. Previous gardening experience
• C. A pair of garden gloves
• D. A school uniform

正解：A A signed parental permission form。本文の根拠：16歳または17歳は署名が必要。

第27問：When is the afternoon shift?

• A. 9:00 to 11:00
• B. 11:00 to 1:00
• C. 1:00 to 3:00
• D. 3:00 to 5:00

正解：C 1:00 to 3:00。本文の根拠：one to three in the afternoon。

第28問：When must volunteers register?

• A. Friday at noon
• B. Saturday at noon
• C. Sunday at nine
• D. Thursday at six

正解：A Friday at noon。本文の根拠：by noon on Friday。

第29問：What happens if it rains?

• A. The entire event is canceled
• B. Volunteers plant outdoors anyway
• C. The activity changes to indoor seed sorting
• D. Only children can participate

正解：C The activity changes to indoor seed sorting。本文の根拠：rain → indoorsで種の仕分け。

第30問：What do organizers provide?

• A. Water bottles
• B. Gloves and tools
• C. Closed-toe shoes
• D. Free train tickets

正解：B Gloves and tools。本文の根拠：provide gloves and tools、参加者は飲み水と靴を用意。

本文読解の復習：対象者・期限・例外・禁止の4項目に線を引き、各設問の根拠を英文から一文ずつ引用して自分で説明してください。答えだけを覚えるより、条件を自分で言い換える練習が効果的です。

長文6｜スポーツセンターの利用規定

West Sports Center opens its indoor swimming pool at eight in the morning on weekdays and at nine on weekends. The pool closes at nine in the evening on weekdays and at six on weekends. A child younger than fourteen must be accompanied by an adult aged eighteen or older. Visitors can use the general pool without a reservation, but evening tennis courts must be booked at least one day in advance. Tennis reservations canceled by six in the evening on the previous day are eligible for a full refund. Outdoor tennis courts may close because of dangerous weather. The indoor pool follows its normal schedule unless the center posts a separate notice.

第31問：What time does the pool open on weekends?

• A. 8:00 a.m.
• B. 9:00 a.m.
• C. 6:00 p.m.
• D. 9:00 p.m.

正解：B 9:00 a.m.。本文の根拠：weekendsは9時、weekdayは8時。

第32問：What time does the pool close on weekdays?

• A. 6:00 p.m.
• B. 7:00 p.m.
• C. 8:00 p.m.
• D. 9:00 p.m.

正解：D 9:00 p.m.。本文の根拠：weekdays closes at nine in the evening。

第33問：Who must accompany a thirteen-year-old?

• A. A child aged sixteen
• B. An adult aged eighteen or older
• C. Any friend of the same age
• D. No one

正解：B An adult aged eighteen or older。本文の根拠：younger than fourteen → adult aged 18+。

第34問：Which facility needs an advance reservation?

• A. The general pool
• B. Evening tennis courts
• C. The lobby
• D. The changing rooms

正解：B Evening tennis courts。本文の根拠：evening tennis courts must be booked at least one day in advance。

第35問：When can a tennis booking qualify for a full refund?

• A. If canceled by 6 p.m. the previous day
• B. Whenever the visitor arrives late
• C. Only one week after the visit
• D. Only if the pool is closed

正解：A If canceled by 6 p.m. the previous day。本文の根拠：previous day by six。

第36問：What may close because of dangerous weather?

• A. The indoor pool in every case
• B. All changing rooms
• C. Outdoor tennis courts
• D. The information desk every weekend

正解：C Outdoor tennis courts。本文の根拠：dangerous weather affects outdoor courts。indoorは別のお知らせがなければ通常運用。

本文読解の復習：対象者・期限・例外・禁止の4項目に線を引き、各設問の根拠を英文から一文ずつ引用して自分で説明してください。答えだけを覚えるより、条件を自分で言い換える練習が効果的です。

条件を読み違える典型的な4パターン

• 締切の混同：by eight o’clockは8時まで。after eightとは違う。
• 年齢の境界：twelve or youngerには12歳が含まれる。younger than twelveには含まれない。
• 一部の例外を全体へ広げる：特別展示だけ有料なら、常設展示も必ず有料とは限らない。
• 不要な因果関係を追加する：本文に書かれていない理由を自分で推測して正答にしない。

1週間の学習スケジュール

1日目は図書館の更新条件、2日目は博物館の年齢と予約、3日目は学校課題の再提出、4日目はワークショップの例外、5日目は農園の雨天対応、6日目はスポーツセンターの年齢・予約条件を学びます。7日目は全36問を本文を見ずに解き直すのではなく、初めて本文に戻るつもりで根拠を探す形で再テストし、失点原因を「条件・対象・日時・例外」で分類します。

よくある質問

Q. only ifとifは同じですか？

A. 同じではありません。ifは一般に条件を示し、only ifはその条件が必要であることを強調します。資格や期限などを説明する文章で違いが表れやすくなります。

Q. 36問だけで準2級プラスのリーディング対策は十分ですか？

A. いいえ。本教材は条件や例外の読解を集中的に練習するものです。語彙の空所補充、説明文の論理、主題の把握など、公式過去問や他の教材も必要です。

Q. NEW TREASUREと一緒に勉強できますか？

A. 学校の英文でif・unless・althoughなどの接続表現を確認し、文法問題だけでなく「その条件だと何が可能か」を自分の言葉で説明すると長文読解にもつながります。

関連記事

• 準2級プラスの未知語を文脈から推測する長文20問
• リスニングの数字・時刻・割合32問
• 動詞の語法48問

参考にした主な公式情報：日本英語検定協会「準2級プラスの試験内容」／準2級プラスの過去問題。本文に登場する施設、利用条件、人数は学習用の架空設定であり、実際の利用規則ではありません。

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