英検準1級の副詞節の省略｜if necessary・when asked・while doing独自40問【全解説】

英検準1級の長文でif necessary・when asked・while working・if approvedを見かけたら、省略された節を復元し、何が必要で誰が質問され、誰が作業しているのか確認しましょう。慶英会では省略節の復元12問、意味の4択12問、誤った主語の訂正8問、独自4長文8問、合計40問を全解答・日本語訳付きで公開します。

英検準1級の公式試験内容では長文空所補充6問・内容一致7問などを扱います。本記事は英文解釈のための慶英会オリジナル教材であり、公式過去問ではありません。分詞節の基本規則はBritish Council｜分詞構文を参照しています。

結論｜省略を復元する5つの視点

• when asked：文脈上誰が質問されたかを確認。主節の主語と一致する場合が多い。
• if approved：承認されたら。承認の対象と、現時点で未承認の可能性を区別する。
• while reviewing：見直す行為者を主節の主語と対応させる。
• although expensive：何が高額なのかを明示して読む。
• if necessary／unless otherwise stated：一般的な条件・例外の省略形。すべてを人称主語＋be動詞へ機械的に戻せるわけではない。
• when available／once completed：条件や時点を示し、結果がすでに発生したとは断定しない。

演習A｜省略された節を復元する12問

A1. When asked about safety, the engineer explained the tests.

A2. If necessary, the council will request another review.

A3. If approved, the project will begin next term.

A4. While reviewing the records, the staff found an error.

A5. Although expensive, the proposed system may reduce delays.

A6. When available, the results will be shared with residents.

A7. Unless otherwise stated, visitors must use the north entrance.

A8. Once completed, the repairs will be inspected.

A9. Before being released, the report was checked by two editors.

A10. When interviewed, the passengers reported long delays.

A11. After reviewing the evidence, the committee changed its decision.

A12. While being repaired, the bridge will remain closed.

演習B｜何が、誰に、いつ起こるかを選ぶ4択12問

B1. When asked about the budget, the director remained cautious.

1. The budget asked the director.
2. The director was asked about the budget.
3. Every resident had approved funding.
4. The director asked the budget.

B2. If approved, the plan will be tested in two schools.

1. Approval of the plan is a condition of testing.
2. The plan was already approved.
3. The schools had completed the trial.
4. Testing is not allowed.

B3. While reviewing the records, the researchers found an error.

1. The error reviewed the researchers.
2. The records were searching for errors.
3. The researchers were already finished.
4. The researchers were examining records.

B4. Although expensive, the new equipment may improve accuracy.

1. The staff were expensive.
2. Accuracy was fully established.
3. The equipment is expensive, and improvement is uncertain.
4. The equipment had been canceled.

B5. When available, the findings will be published.

1. The findings were already published.
2. Publication will follow the findings becoming available.
3. Only the authors could access the data.
4. All findings were verified years ago.

B6. Unless otherwise stated, the meeting begins at nine.

1. Nine is the default starting time unless other instructions are given.
2. Every meeting was canceled.
3. The schedule can never change.
4. The meeting started at eight.

B7. Once completed, the building will undergo an inspection.

1. The building has already passed inspection.
2. The engineers will never inspect it.
3. Completion is impossible.
4. The building will be inspected after its completion.

B8. Before being released, the documents were checked.

1. Staff were released before checking.
2. All readers inspected the originals.
3. The documents were checked before publication.
4. The documents were never prepared.

B9. When interviewed, the residents raised concerns.

1. Residents interviewed the building.
2. Residents raised concerns during interviews.
3. The interviewer raised every concern.
4. No interviews were conducted.

B10. If necessary, further tests will be conducted.

1. The tests are conditional rather than guaranteed.
2. The tests have already finished.
3. The tests are banned permanently.
4. The decision to test is unconditional.

B11. While being repaired, the station entrance remained closed.

1. The repair workers remained closed.
2. All trains stopped permanently.
3. The station had opened without repairs.
4. The entrance was under repair and closed.

B12. After checking the figures, the committee postponed the announcement.

1. The figures postponed the announcement.
2. Residents completed the checks.
3. The committee checked the figures before postponing.
4. The announcement was already made.

演習C｜主語がずれた省略節の訂正8問

C1. While reviewing the survey, the results appeared inaccurate.

C2. When asked for a comment, the proposal was criticized by the director.

C3. After checking the records, the error was reported by staff.

C4. When completed, the engineers will inspect the bridge.

C5. Although expensive, the team approved the equipment.

C6. When available, the museum will publish the figures.

C7. While waiting for a reply, the application was checked by the staff.

C8. If repaired, the passengers will use the bridge.

演習D｜独自4長文・内容一致8問

長文1｜地域施設の修繕計画

A town planned repairs to an old community hall. If approved, the project would begin after the rainy season. Although expensive, the renovation was expected to improve safety, but officials did not claim that every problem would be solved. When asked about the schedule, the project manager explained that a final decision had not been made. The council planned to publish more details when available and to consult residents before signing a contract.

D1. What was required before the work could begin?

1. A final approval.
2. A completed building.
3. A reduction in all taxes.
4. A permanent closure.

D2. What did the manager say about the schedule?

1. All repairs were completed.
2. Every issue was solved.
3. No final decision had yet been made.
4. The rainy season had ended.

長文2｜学校の調査票

Researchers examined a school survey while preparing a report. When interviewed, several parents said that the instructions were difficult to understand. The researchers changed the wording and tested the revised form with a small group. Once completed, the trial would be assessed by an independent team. The director said positive reactions were encouraging but did not establish that all families could use the form without help.

D3. Who was interviewed?

1. The forms.
2. Several parents.
3. The building.
4. Only the director.

D4. What would happen once the trial was completed?

1. It would be permanently adopted without review.
2. Every family would be declared satisfied.
3. The survey would be canceled.
4. An independent team would assess it.

長文3｜公的な資料の公開

A library prepared historical documents for online publication. Before being released, each document was checked for damaged pages and uncertain dates. If necessary, staff contacted specialists for additional advice. While reviewing the photographs, the archivists found that some captions lacked supporting evidence. The library therefore delayed publication of those items instead of presenting incomplete descriptions as verified facts.

D5. What was checked before release?

1. Only visitors’ names.
2. Every employee’s schedule.
3. Document condition and uncertain dates.
4. The cost of local transport.

D6. Who found unsupported captions?

1. The archivists.
2. The photographs.
3. All visitors.
4. The specialists alone.

長文4｜公共バスの運行変更

A transport agency considered a temporary bus route. Unless otherwise stated, passengers would use the north entrance of the station during construction. When asked about accessibility, the agency manager said the route still required testing with wheelchair users. If approved, the new timetable would operate for six weeks. Officials planned to review delays and safety reports while the service was running before deciding whether it should become permanent.

D7. Which entrance was the default?

1. The west entrance.
2. The north entrance.
3. All entrances.
4. The closed tunnel.

D8. What was the status of the new timetable?

1. It was permanently approved.
2. Every route had ended.
3. It required approval and a limited trial.
4. It had operated for several years.

全40問の正解・英文の復元・日本語訳と解説

A｜省略節を復元する12問

A1 復元例：When the engineer was asked about safety, the engineer explained the tests. 和訳：安全性について質問された際、技術者は試験内容を説明した。 解説：askedは受動。質問されたのは主節のengineer。

A2 復元例：If it is necessary, the council will request another review. 和訳：必要であれば、議会は再審査を求める。 解説：if necessaryは非人称の条件。必要になると確定していない。

A3 復元例：If the project is approved, the project will begin next term. 和訳：承認されれば事業は次の学期に始まる。 解説：承認される側はproject。現時点では承認済みと断定しない。

A4 復元例：While the staff were reviewing the records, the staff found an error. 和訳：職員が記録を調べていた間に誤りを見つけた。 解説：reviewingの主体はstaff。

A5 復元例：Although the proposed system is expensive, the proposed system may reduce delays. 和訳：高額ではあるが、提案されたシステムは遅延を減らすかもしれない。 解説：expensiveなのはsystem。mayを消して効果を確定しない。

A6 復元例：When the results are available, the results will be shared with residents. 和訳：結果が利用可能になったら住民へ共有される。 解説：availableの対象はresults。将来の時点を表す。

A7 復元例：Unless different instructions are stated, visitors must use the north entrance. 和訳：別の指示がない限り来訪者は北側入口を使う。 解説：unless otherwise statedは一般的な例外条件。

A8 復元例：Once the repairs are completed, the repairs will be inspected. 和訳：修繕が完了したら、その修繕箇所は点検される。 解説：completedは受動。完成した後で点検。

A9 復元例：Before the report was released, the report was checked by two editors. 和訳：公表前に報告書は二人の編集者に確認された。 解説：releasedはreportがされる側。

A10 復元例：When the passengers were interviewed, the passengers reported long delays. 和訳：取材を受けた乗客は長い遅延を報告した。 解説：interviewedの対象はpassengers。

A11 復元例：After the committee reviewed the evidence, the committee changed its decision. 和訳：証拠を検討した後で委員会は判断を変更した。 解説：reviewingの主体はcommittee。

A12 復元例：While the bridge is being repaired, the bridge will remain closed. 和訳：橋は修繕中閉鎖されたままとなる。 解説：being repairedは受動進行。閉鎖される橋が主体。

B｜意味の4択12問

B1 正解B：The director was asked about the budget. 和訳：予算について質問を受けた部長は慎重だった。 解説：askedの対象はdirector。

B2 正解A：Approval of the plan is a condition of testing. 和訳：承認されれば計画は二校で試行される。 解説：if approvedは条件。

B3 正解D：The researchers were examining records. 和訳：研究者は記録を検討している間に誤りを見つけた。 解説：reviewingの主体はresearchers。

B4 正解C：The equipment is expensive, and improvement is uncertain. 和訳：機器は高額だが精度を高める可能性がある。 解説：althoughの譲歩とmayの限定を保持。

B5 正解B：Publication will follow the findings becoming available. 和訳：結果が利用可能になったら公表される。 解説：when availableの対象はfindings。

B6 正解A：Nine is the default starting time unless other instructions are given. 和訳：別段の指示がなければ会議は9時に始まる。 解説：例外がなければ9時開始。

B7 正解D：The building will be inspected after its completion. 和訳：完成後に建物は点検を受ける。 解説：completedの対象はbuilding。

B8 正解C：The documents were checked before publication. 和訳：文書は公表前に点検された。 解説：releasedの受動的な対象はdocuments。

B9 正解B：Residents raised concerns during interviews. 和訳：取材を受けた住民が懸念を表明した。 解説：住民が質問を受け、懸念を示した。

B10 正解A：The tests are conditional rather than guaranteed. 和訳：必要なら追加検査が行われる。 解説：if necessaryは実施の条件を表す。

B11 正解D：The entrance was under repair and closed. 和訳：修繕中、駅の入口は閉鎖されたままだった。 解説：受動形の対象はentrance。

B12 正解C：The committee checked the figures before postponing. 和訳：委員会は数値を確認してから発表を延期した。 解説：checkingの主体はcommittee。

C｜誤文訂正8問

C1 修正文：While reviewing the survey, the researchers noticed inaccurate results. 理由：原文はresultsがreviewingの主体に見える。研究者を主節の主語にする。

C2 修正文：When asked for a comment, the director criticized the proposal. 理由：質問された人はdirectorでありproposalではない。

C3 修正文：After checking the records, staff reported the error. 理由：checkingの主体をstaffにそろえる。

C4 修正文：When the bridge is completed, the engineers will inspect it. 理由：完成するのはengineersでなくbridge。異なる主体は節で明示。

C5 修正文：Although the equipment was expensive, the team approved it. 理由：expensiveの対象はteamではなくequipment。

C6 修正文：When the figures are available, the museum will publish them. 理由：利用可能になるのはmuseumではなくfigures。

C7 修正文：While waiting for a reply, the staff checked the application. 理由：待つ主体はstaffで、applicationではない。

C8 修正文：If the bridge is repaired, passengers will use it. 理由：修理される対象はpassengersではなくbridge。

D｜独自4長文・8問の解答と本文根拠

長文1日本語：町は古い地域施設の修繕を計画した。承認されれば雨季の後に着工する。高額だが安全改善が期待される一方、全問題が解決するとは断言せず、担当者はまだ決定前だと説明した。

D1 正解A：A final approval. 本文根拠：If approved, the project would begin。承認が必要条件。

D2 正解C：No final decision had yet been made. 本文根拠：a final decision had not been made。決定の未完了。

長文2日本語：調査員は学校のアンケート票を確認し、取材された保護者は説明が難しいと述べた。文面を修正し小集団で試行した後、独立したチームが評価する。好評でも全家庭の自力利用が保証されるわけではない。

D3 正解B：Several parents. 本文根拠：When interviewed, several parents said。質問されたのはparents。

D4 正解D：An independent team would assess it. 本文根拠：Once completed, the trial would be assessed。試行の後に評価。

長文3日本語：図書館は歴史資料を公開する前に破損・日付の不確実性を調べ、必要なら専門家へ相談した。写真を調べた資料管理者は根拠がない説明文を見つけ、その資料の公開を延期した。

D5 正解C：Document condition and uncertain dates. 本文根拠：checked for damaged pages and uncertain dates。公表前の確認事項。

D6 正解A：The archivists. 本文根拠：While reviewing … the archivists found。reviewingの主体。

長文4日本語：交通機関は工事中のバス経路を検討した。別の案内がなければ北側入口を使う。担当者は車いす利用者との試験が必要だと説明した。承認されれば六週間の運行後に安全・遅れを評価して恒久化を判断する。

D7 正解B：The north entrance. 本文根拠：Unless otherwise stated … north entrance。例外の指示がない場合の原則。

D8 正解C：It required approval and a limited trial. 本文根拠：If approved … six weeks … before deciding。承認と期間限定の試行が必要。

長文・英文要約で間違えないための復習

When asked about the plan, the director explained …は「部長が質問されて説明した」です。The plan was explained after the director was asked …など、主体が異なる場合は無理に省略せず完全な節で書きます。要約ではif approvedをalready approvedへ変えず、まだ条件付きの事柄であることを保ちましょう。

7日間の学習順序

1. 1日目：A12問の省略部分を復元する
2. 2日目：B12問で行為者と時点を選ぶ
3. 3日目：C8問の主語のずれを訂正する
4. 4日目：D4長文8問を根拠付きで解く
5. 5日目：if necessaryとif approvedの違いを説明する
6. 6日目：while reviewingとwhen askedの英文を各5文書く
7. 7日目：公式過去問で省略された節を復元する

よくある質問

接続詞がある分詞節はすべて主節と同じ主語ですか？

while reviewingやwhen askedのような分詞節では主節の主語に対応するのが基本です。ただしif necessary、unless otherwise statedなど、非人称の条件を表す定型的な省略もあり、すべてを一律には扱えません。

if approvedはすでに承認された意味ですか？

いいえ。承認されることを条件としており、承認が完了したという事実は示しません。文脈で時点を確認してください。

主語が異なるときに省略してもいいですか？

誤解を招く場合は省略せず、When the bridge is completed, engineers will inspect it.のように節を使って主体を明示しましょう。

40問の得点で英検準1級のCSEは分かりますか？

分かりません。慶英会の独自演習であり、公式の問題数・採点に対応しません。

次に取り組む無料教材と慶英会の個別指導

動名詞の意味上の主語40問／間接疑問文40問／挿入と句読記号の読解36問。

慶英会では英検準1級の英文を初見でも正確に読み、構文と意味を英作文・英文要約に応用できるよう個別指導しています。最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談はこちら。

参照した主な公式・文法情報

英検協会｜準1級の試験内容／British Council｜分詞節の文法。2026年10月28日確認。全40問は慶英会の独自制作です。