慶英会 塾長
慶英グループ CEO
一般選抜にて慶應義塾大学合格（英語入試正答率97％）
成績優秀者（慶應義塾維持会奨学生）として
慶應義塾大学を卒業（2023年）
慶英会は、中高一貫校の英語・NEW TREASURE対策・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。学校の授業進度や学力・目標に合わせて指導します。
最大1か月の完全無料体験と、1年間の継続受講など所定の条件に基づく全額返金保証制度をご案内しています。無料体験のご案内・返金保証のご案内をご確認のうえ、適用条件はお申し込み前に個別にご確認ください。
一般財団法人 慶應連合三田会
慶應義塾横浜三田会 会員
高校在学中に英検1級取得
公益財団法人 日本英語検定協会「成績優秀者」に選出
中高主要科目で「オール5」
（最高評価・高校偏差値70）
国内最高峰の英語スピーチコンテスト
「高円宮杯全日本中学校英語弁論大会」
横浜市大会入賞・神奈川県大会進出
米国高校留学中、唯一の日本人として
全米最大級の高校生リーダーシップ団体
「FBLA」主催の英語スピーチコンテストに出場
ニューヨーク州大会準優勝・全米大会進出
米国の在籍高校代表として
「シカゴ国際模擬国連会議」に出場
慶應義塾大学在学中より英語指導を行い
「英語個別指導オンライン塾｜慶英会」を設立
小学生から、現役英語講師・英検面接官を含む
社会人まで数百名以上を指導
（最前列左から2人目：塾長）
英検2級の長文でdo so、doing so、do it、the former、the latterなどが出たとき、単語の意味は分かっても『結局何の行動・何の選択肢なのか』を見失っていませんか。これらは繰り返しを避ける省略・代用表現で、前にある動作や二つの選択肢を指します。慶英会では行動の指示先を判定するオリジナル短文30問、解釈の修正12問、比較を含む独自長文2題・内容一致8問の合計50問を制作しました。英文を一語ずつ日本語に直すだけでなく、文章全体の論理を正確に捉えることを目指します。
結論｜省略表現は『直前に何をしたか・何を比較したか』から復元する
The town asked people to register online, and many did so. ならdid soはregister onlineです。Paper guides and digital guides were available. The latter … とあればthe latterは後に挙げられたdigital guidesを示します。do soとdo itは両方使える文脈もありますが、どんな行為を指しているかが曖昧にならないように確認しましょう。
英検2級Readingの公式形式との関係
英検協会の2級試験内容ではReadingが短文空所17問・長文空所6問・内容一致8問で、説明文とEメールが題材になります。文章で反復を避ける省略表現の理解は内容一致の基礎になりますが、この構文だけが特定数出題されるという公式情報はありません。本記事の50問は慶英会の独自教材です。
5つの代用表現を比較する
| 表現 | 主な働き | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| do so / did so | 既出の行為の反復 | Members registered, and others did so. |
| do it / do that | 特定の作業・行動を指す | I can do it tomorrow. |
| by doing so | 前の行為と効果を関連づける | The town updated signs. By doing so, … |
| the former / the latter | 二つのものの前者／後者 | Paper and digital guides; the latter … |
| this / that / such | 前の出来事・状況などを受ける | The route moved. This surprised users. |
4択30問｜省略された行動・前者・後者を選ぶ
1．do so｜前に説明された行動を繰り返して指す
do so は直前に示された行動・活動を繰り返さずに表します。形式的な案内文でも使われます。
意味の判断 1
Members can return books by mail. Those who choose to do so should use the library’s official address.What does ‘do so’ refer to?
- Returning books by mail
- Borrowing new books
- Visiting the museum
- Changing the library address
正答・省略された情報の根拠
A．Returning books by mail。do so＝return books by mail。
意味の判断 2
The town asks residents to separate waste. People who do so can help improve recycling.What does ‘do so’ mean?
- Buy new containers
- Separate waste
- Close the recycling center
- Drive to the station
正答・省略された情報の根拠
B．Separate waste。do so＝separate waste。
意味の判断 3
Teachers encouraged students to prepare questions before the talk, and many did so.Which action did many students take?
- Changed the talk time
- Bought devices
- Prepared questions
- Left the classroom
正答・省略された情報の根拠
C．Prepared questions。did so＝prepared questions。
意味の判断 4
The center asked visitors to register in advance. Anyone wishing to do so can complete the form online.What does ‘do so’ replace?
- Canceling reservations
- Attending a different school
- Paying extra fees
- Registering in advance
正答・省略された情報の根拠
D．Registering in advance。do so＝register in advance。
意味の判断 5
The group planned to repair the old signs. It finally did so in April.What happened in April?
- The group repaired the old signs.
- The signs were sold.
- The group opened a new museum.
- Residents canceled the project.
正答・省略された情報の根拠
A．The group repaired the old signs.。did so＝repaired。
意味の判断 6
Employees may request flexible hours. Several workers have already done so.What have several workers done?
- Changed offices without approval
- Requested flexible hours
- Reported traffic accidents
- Left their jobs
正答・省略された情報の根拠
B．Requested flexible hours。done so＝requested flexible hours。
2．do it / do that｜特定の課題や行動を受ける
do it / do that は会話で特定の行為・課題を指せます。指す内容は文脈で判断し、do soとの完全な交換可能性を前提としません。
意味の判断 7
The school needed to update its website, so the computer teacher did it after lunch.What did the teacher do?
- Bought a new school bus
- Fixed the sports field
- Updated the website
- Canceled lunch
正答・省略された情報の根拠
C．Updated the website。did it＝updated the website。
意味の判断 8
I could print the posters now, but I’d rather do that after the teacher checks them.What is delayed?
- Checking the timetable
- Writing the event budget
- Buying paper
- Printing the posters
正答・省略された情報の根拠
D．Printing the posters。do thatはprint the posters。
意味の判断 9
The guide asked Ken to carry the box, and he did it carefully.What did Ken do carefully?
- Carried the box
- Closed the museum
- Read a science report
- Changed the route
正答・省略された情報の根拠
A．Carried the box。did it＝carried the box。
意味の判断 10
Someone needs to send the invitations. Aya says she can do it tonight.What can Aya do tonight?
- Repair the room
- Send the invitations
- Count the books
- Prepare dinner
正答・省略された情報の根拠
B．Send the invitations。do it＝send invitations。
意味の判断 11
The teacher recommended checking the source before sharing an article. I always try to do that.What is the speaker trying to do?
- Share every article immediately
- Ignore its source
- Check the source before sharing
- Write longer titles
正答・省略された情報の根拠
C．Check the source before sharing。do that＝check source。
意味の判断 12
The museum requested a new safety inspection. The manager arranged to do it next week.What is scheduled?
- An exhibition opening
- A sales campaign
- A bus timetable update
- A safety inspection
正答・省略された情報の根拠
D．A safety inspection。do it＝inspection。
3．by doing so｜前の行動と、その結果
By doing so は前の行動を受け、それによる効果・目的を説明することがあります。
意味の判断 13
The library extended its weekend hours. By doing so, it hoped to help working families.What was expected to help families?
- Extending weekend hours
- Reducing printed guides
- Closing the library
- Charging a higher fee
正答・省略された情報の根拠
A．Extending weekend hours。doing so＝extended weekend hours。
意味の判断 14
The school reduced unnecessary printing. In doing so, it saved some paper.Which action led to the stated benefit?
- Buying more printers
- Reducing unnecessary printing
- Increasing worksheets
- Closing all classes
正答・省略された情報の根拠
B．Reducing unnecessary printing。doing so＝reducing printing。
意味の判断 15
Volunteers checked each returned tool. By doing so, they reduced the risk of lending damaged equipment.What reduced the risk?
- Buying new tools
- Keeping all tools at home
- Checking returned tools
- Ending the volunteer program
正答・省略された情報の根拠
C．Checking returned tools。returned tool checks。
意味の判断 16
The center added clearer instructions. By doing so, it hoped to reduce registration mistakes.What was added?
- New rooms
- Membership fees
- Bus signs
- Clearer instructions
正答・省略された情報の根拠
D．Clearer instructions。doing so＝adding instructions。
意味の判断 17
The school asked families to confirm attendance. By doing so, it could estimate seating needs.What helped estimate seating needs?
- Requesting attendance confirmations
- Selling old chairs
- Changing the course
- Closing registration
正答・省略された情報の根拠
A．Requesting attendance confirmations。attendance confirmation。
意味の判断 18
The town improved signs along a walking route. By doing so, it hoped visitors would get lost less often.What was improved?
- The weather
- The walking-route signs
- The school calendar
- Museum prices
正答・省略された情報の根拠
B．The walking-route signs。improved signs。
4．the former / the latter｜先に示された二つのうちどちらか
原則として二つの選択肢のうち、the former＝前者、the latter＝後者です。三つ以上ある列挙へ機械的に使わないようにします。
意味の判断 19
The town considered building a park or expanding the library. The former would require more land.What would require more land?
- A bus station
- A hospital
- Building a park
- Expanding the library
正答・省略された情報の根拠
C．Building a park。former＝first＝park。
意味の判断 20
Students could borrow printed books or digital devices. The latter needed regular charging.What needed charging?
- Printed books
- Library cards
- Study rooms
- Digital devices
正答・省略された情報の根拠
D．Digital devices。latter＝second＝devices。
意味の判断 21
The center compared phone booking with online booking. The former helped some residents without internet access.Which helped some residents without internet?
- Phone booking
- Online booking
- Both equally according to the sentence
- Neither
正答・省略された情報の根拠
A．Phone booking。formerは先に挙がったphone booking。
意味の判断 22
The school offered science talks and cooking workshops. The latter required special equipment.What required equipment?
- Science talks
- Cooking workshops
- Classroom tests
- Sports clubs
正答・省略された情報の根拠
B．Cooking workshops。latterはcooking workshops。
意味の判断 23
The business could repair old computers or buy new ones. The former might reduce immediate spending.Which might reduce immediate spending?
- Buying new computers
- Closing the office
- Repairing old computers
- Selling all equipment
正答・省略された情報の根拠
C．Repairing old computers。former＝repair old computers。
意味の判断 24
The museum can provide an audio guide or a printed guide. The latter works without a phone battery.Which works without the battery?
- The audio guide
- A new mobile app
- Both options need batteries
- The printed guide
正答・省略された情報の根拠
D．The printed guide。latter＝printed。
5．this / that / such｜前の名詞でなく、前の出来事全体を指す
this・that・such a changeなどは、直前の文全体で述べた出来事を示すことがあります。
意味の判断 25
The bus stop moved from the library to the market. This surprised many older passengers.What surprised them?
- The change in bus-stop location
- The library’s opening hours
- A new school lesson
- Ticket prices
正答・省略された情報の根拠
A．The change in bus-stop location。This＝変更という出来事。
意味の判断 26
A town had recorded 40 loans but not unique borrowers. That distinction matters when interpreting the results.Which distinction matters?
- The color of borrowed equipment
- Loans versus individual borrowers
- Month versus year only
- Staff versus visitors
正答・省略された情報の根拠
B．Loans versus individual borrowers。That distinction＝貸出回数と実人数の区別。
意味の判断 27
The teacher removed unclear sentences from the report. This made the explanation easier to follow.What improved the explanation?
- Adding more long sentences
- Changing the school location
- Removing unclear sentences
- Canceling the report
正答・省略された情報の根拠
C．Removing unclear sentences。thisは削除した行為。
意味の判断 28
Some residents lack reliable internet access. Such difficulties can limit online participation.What difficulties are meant?
- The cost of museum tickets
- Lack of car parking
- A shortage of printed books
- Problems with internet access
正答・省略された情報の根拠
D．Problems with internet access。such difficulties＝internet access problems。
意味の判断 29
The town tested a new bicycle route before expanding it. This decision helped staff collect information.What was the decision?
- Testing before expansion
- Canceling every bicycle
- Buying a new school building
- Closing the library
正答・省略された情報の根拠
A．Testing before expansion。This decision＝試験運用してから拡大を検討。
意味の判断 30
The museum kept printed guides alongside digital guides. That approach served visitors with different needs.Which approach?
- Removing all printed guides
- Offering both formats
- Using only online videos
- Closing the information desk
正答・省略された情報の根拠
B．Offering both formats。that approach＝両形式提供。
誤った解釈を直す独自12問
自分の言葉で省略表現を補い、意味の矛盾がないか確認します。言い換えは一つだけが絶対的な正解とは限らないため、前後の内容が一致することを優先します。
意味修正 1
The center will notify members about the changed time. Several staff members have already done it.
改善英文・注意点
The center will notify members about the changed time. Several staff members have already done so.
同じ通知という行動の反復をdo soで明確にする改善例。done itも特定の作業を指せる場合はあるが、文脈ではdone soが端的。
意味修正 2
The school offered printed forms and online forms. The former requires a computer.
改善英文・注意点
The school offered printed forms and online forms. The latter requires a computer.
computerが必要なのは後者のonline forms。
意味修正 3
The town repaired the bridge or built a new one. The latter would cost less immediately, according to the given plan.
改善英文・注意点
The town repaired the bridge or built a new one. The former would cost less immediately, according to the plan.
この設定で即時支出が少ないのはrepair＝前者。比較の事実は元の計画で検証が必要。
意味修正 4
The museum moved its entrance, and this surprised visitors. This refers only to the entrance.
改善英文・注意点
The museum’s entrance changed, and that change surprised visitors.
thisが指すのは入口単体でなく移動という出来事。
意味修正 5
People can separate waste. Those who do so will buy different tickets.
改善英文・注意点
People can separate waste. Those who do so can help recycling efforts.
do soの元の行為と後続の説明の関係を自然にする例。
意味修正 6
The library offers printed guides and tablet devices. The former need charging.
改善英文・注意点
The library offers printed guides and tablet devices. The latter need charging.
後者のtablet devices（タブレット端末）が充電を必要とする。印刷物や電子書籍ファイルそのものを充電するわけではない。
意味修正 7
The class sent documents to families. By doing that, it meant the documents were never sent.
改善英文・注意点
The class sent documents to families. By doing so, it ensured families received the information.
送付した行動と結果の因果を矛盾なく説明。
意味修正 8
The center measured loan counts and unique users. The former means individual people.
改善英文・注意点
The center measured loan counts and unique users. The latter counts individual people.
前者は件数、後者は人数。
意味修正 9
A report contained both plans. That had been tested outside and was successful.
改善英文・注意点
A report compared both plans, but the sentence alone does not establish that either had been tested.
報告書に掲載されただけで試験成功とは限らない。
意味修正 10
The group used online forms and printed forms. The latter were convenient for people who lack internet access, so that means all users lack access.
改善英文・注意点
The group offered online and printed forms. Printed forms could help some people without internet access.
一部を全員へ拡大しない。
意味修正 11
The volunteers inspected devices. Such problems were repaired.
改善英文・注意点
The volunteers inspected devices and repaired any problems they found.
inspectionが直ちに問題の発見を意味しないため、if foundを含意する形で修正。
意味修正 12
The teacher asked students to check instructions. Doing this the timetable had already changed.
改善英文・注意点
The teacher asked students to check the instructions because the timetable had changed.
行為者と因果・時制が曖昧になる文を明確化。
オリジナル長文2題・内容一致8問
オリジナル長文1｜公共施設の予約制度
A city community center offers telephone booking and online booking for its study rooms. The former helps residents who cannot use internet services easily, whereas the latter allows users to check available times without calling the office. Staff encouraged residents to register in advance, and many chose to do so before the weekend. By doing so, they could reserve spaces before the busiest period. However, the center has recorded the number of reservations, not the number of unique visitors. That distinction is important when officials review demand. They will compare both booking methods before making further changes.内容一致 1
What does ‘the former’ refer to?
- Telephone booking
- Online booking
- Weekend lessons
- The number of visitors
正答と本文の根拠
A．Telephone booking。first of telephone/online booking。
内容一致 2
What did many residents choose to do?
- Cancel the service
- Register in advance
- Build a new library
- Stop using phones
正答と本文の根拠
B．Register in advance。do so＝register in advance。
内容一致 3
What does ‘that distinction’ refer to?
- The number of staff versus volunteers
- Paper versus digital textbooks
- Reservation counts versus unique visitors
- Morning versus evening hours
正答と本文の根拠
C．Reservation counts versus unique visitors。loans/reservations vs unique users。
内容一致 4
What has not yet happened?
- Telephone booking existing
- Online schedules being checked
- Registrations being recorded
- A final change based on comparing booking methods
正答と本文の根拠
D．A final change based on comparing booking methods。officials will compare before making changes。
オリジナル長文2｜環境活動の選択
A school could organize a garden project or a neighborhood recycling event. The former would give students experience growing plants, while the latter would help them understand waste collection. Teachers first asked students to explain which activity they preferred. Most students did so during a classroom discussion. Some wanted to study plants, whereas others chose the recycling event because they hoped to reduce waste. The school finally decided to test both activities on different days. This decision meant students could compare their experiences before the teachers chose a regular program. However, no long-term environmental effects had been measured.内容一致 5
Which activity is ‘the latter’?
- The garden project
- The recycling event
- A school sports event
- A museum trip
正答と本文の根拠
B．The recycling event。latter＝recycling。
内容一致 6
What did most students do during the discussion?
- Buy new tools
- Visit the garden
- Explain their preferences
- Cancel the activities
正答と本文の根拠
C．Explain their preferences。did so＝explained preferences。
内容一致 7
What does ‘This decision’ refer to?
- Removing all lessons
- Choosing only gardens
- Closing the school
- Testing both activities on different days
正答と本文の根拠
D．Testing both activities on different days。both activities separately tested。
内容一致 8
What remains unknown?
- Long-term environmental effects
- Whether a discussion occurred
- Whether students had preferences
- Whether two ideas were considered
正答と本文の根拠
A．Long-term environmental effects。not yet measured effects。
読解で失点しないための5項目
- do so の直前にある動詞句を復元したか
- do it が何の作業を指すのか確認したか
- the former・the latterの二つの候補を順番どおり並べたか
- this・thatが名詞一つでなく前の出来事全体を受けていないか
- 指示先の誤解で原因・結果・主語を逆にしていないか
7日間の学習法
1〜5日目に5分類の4択を毎日6問ずつ、6日目に修正12問、7日目に長文2題を解きます。解答時にはdo soなら動詞句、the latterなら二番目の名詞句を全文から抜き出してください。同じ問題の丸暗記ではなく、英検協会の別年度の初見長文でも代用表現の意味を説明できるか確認します。
よくある質問
do soとdo itは絶対に交換できませんか？
文脈によって近い意味になることがあります。語順・文体・何を指すかによって自然さが異なるため、単純に全て交換できるとも全て交換できないとも言えません。
the formerは最後に出てきた選択肢ですか？
いいえ。通常は二つのうち先に挙げたものです。the latterは後のものを示します。
thatは直前の単語だけを指しますか？
いいえ。前の文が述べる出来事や判断全体を受ける場合もあります。
この50問の正答率から合否は分かりますか？
本教材は慶英会独自の補強問題であり、英検協会の公式CSEスコアへ換算できません。
関連無料教材・公式情報
慶英会制作・監修：慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級の塾長。省略表現の4択30問、英文修正12問、独自長文2題・内容一致8問は慶英会が独自に制作したものです。英検協会の過去問・NEW TREASUREの教科書本文を転載していません。
英検対策を個別に相談したい保護者様へ
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する
今の級から次の級へ進むために、語彙・文法・長文・英作文・面接のどこを優先するか。慶英会では、学年と目標級、受験予定に合わせてオンライン個別指導をご案内しています。
最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご希望の方は、慶英会公式LINEからご連絡ください。LINEでは「学年・現在の英検級・目標級・受験予定時期」を分かる範囲でお送りください。
LINEを開いた後、「無料体験希望（ブログ・英検）」または「学習相談希望（ブログ・英検）」とメッセージをお送りください。ボタンを押すだけでは相談の受付は完了しません。LINEをご利用になれない場合は、メールで学習相談もできます。
指導内容・無料体験の条件を先に確認したい方へ：英検対策の相談を始める前に、慶英会公式サイトで指導内容・料金・無料体験の対象と条件を確認できます。無料体験の回数や受付状況は変わる場合があるため、最新の案内を優先してください。個別の学習相談は上の公式LINEをご利用ください。
受講内容・無料体験の条件と受付状況は無料体験のご案内で確認できます。相談だけでも受け付けています。
最大1ヶ月無料体験授業受付中！（残り枠わずかです！）
最大1ヶ月の「完全無料」指導体験
平均2~3時間のレッスン ＋ 毎日LINEサポート付き
ご入塾前に、慶英会の圧倒的な指導品質をじっくりご体感ください。
無料体験だけで成績が上がる方も続出!!
保護者様の教育相談も無料で承ります。
1.学年 2. 学習目標 3.体験ご希望をお送りください。
⚠️【塾長直接指導の残り枠わずか】
枠が埋まり次第終了となります。お早めにお申し込みください。