
慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検2級の長文内容一致・英文要約でclaim・suggest・indicate・proveを区別していますか。claimは誰かが主張すること、suggestは可能性を示唆すること、indicateは数値や標識などが情報を示すこと、proveは根拠によって立証することです。「主張した=証明した」「傾向がある=原因が確定」と言い換えないのが重要です。
慶英会の独自教材として4択20問・書き換え12問・独自4長文の内容一致12問=計44課題を、全解答と日本語要旨・英文根拠付きで無料公開します。公式過去問ではありません。
結論|誰の発言か・証拠の強さはどの程度か
| 動詞 | 中心的な意味 | 英文 |
|---|---|---|
| claim that | 〜と主張する | The report claims that costs fell. |
| suggest that | 〜の可能性を示唆する | The data suggest that costs may fall. |
| indicate that | 数値・表示などが情報を示す | The chart indicates a change. |
| prove that | 根拠により立証する | The study did not prove that scores improved. |
| a claim / evidence / proof | 主張・証拠・立証 | A claim is not automatically proof. |
注意:suggestとindicateには意味が重なる場合があります。The figures suggest / indicate a change.は両方自然です。本記事の4択は意味の微差だけで答えを一つにせず、明確な構文・品詞・語形で解けるようにしています。
公式試験内容との関係
日本英語検定協会の2級試験内容ではReading短文17問・長文空所6問・内容一致8問が含まれます。本教材はその内容一致と英文要約に必要な根拠の強さを練習するオリジナル問題です。
第1部|品詞・語法・確実性の4択20問
問1
The article ___ that the program has improved study habits, but it provides no data.
- claims
- claiming
- claimant
- claimedly
正答・解説
問1:A(claims)。claim that節は「〜だと主張する」。証拠があるとは限らない。
問2
The small survey may ___ that some residents prefer printed signs.
- suggestion
- suggest
- suggestive
- suggests
正答・解説
問2:B(suggest)。may+原形suggestで、示唆の程度を保持する。
問3
A flashing red light can ___ that the machine needs attention.
- indication
- indicator
- indicate
- indicating
正答・解説
問3:C(indicate)。can indicate that=異常の可能性を示す。
問4
The experiment was too short to ___ that the method would work for everyone.
- proof
- proven
- proving
- prove
正答・解説
問4:D(prove)。prove thatは証明する。too shortで証明できなかった。
問5
The mayor made a ___ about lower costs, but the figures were not included.
- claim
- claimed
- claiming
- claimant
正答・解説
問5:A(claim)。a claim about+名詞句=主張。
問6
The findings ___ that further tests might be useful.
- suggestion
- suggest
- suggestive
- suggesting
正答・解説
問6:B(suggest)。複数主語findings+動詞suggest。結果を強めずに示唆。
問7
The road signs are designed to ___ the safest available exit.
- indication
- indicative
- indicate
- indicating
正答・解説
問7:C(indicate)。designed to+原形indicateで進行方向を示す。
問8
The report did not provide enough evidence to ___ a causal relationship.
- proof
- proven
- proving
- prove
正答・解説
問8:D(prove)。prove a causal relationship=因果を証明する。
問9
Several online posts ___ that the library is closing permanently, but the library denies it.
- claim
- claimant
- claiming
- claimably
正答・解説
問9:A(claim)。posts claim thatは投稿による主張。事実ではない。
問10
The data seem to ___ a possible change in reading preferences.
- suggestion
- suggest
- suggesting
- suggestive
正答・解説
問10:B(suggest)。seem to suggest=示唆するように見える。
問11
A lower response rate may ___ that the sample is incomplete.
- indication
- indicative
- indicate
- indicator
正答・解説
問11:C(indicate)。may indicate that=示している可能性。原因の断定ではない。
問12
The researchers cannot ___ the improvement without a comparison group.
- proof
- proving
- provedly
- prove
正答・解説
問12:D(prove)。cannot prove+対象=比較対照なしでは証明不可。
問13
The scientist did not ___ that the treatment would always succeed.
- claim
- claimedly
- claiming
- claimant
正答・解説
問13:A(claim)。did not claim that=万能な成功を主張しなかった。
問14
One solution might be to ___ using fewer printed notices.
- suggestion
- suggest
- suggesting
- suggestive
正答・解説
問14:B(suggest)。to suggest doing。提案として動名詞が続く。
問15
The new label is meant to ___ whether the contents are recyclable.
- indication
- indicator
- indicate
- indicative
正答・解説
問15:C(indicate)。meant to indicate whether=リサイクル可能か表示。
問16
No part of the study was designed to ___ that every neighborhood was identical.
- proof
- proven
- proving
- prove
正答・解説
問16:D(prove)。prove that+節。全地区同一の証拠ではない。
問17
A visitor’s ___ is not automatically a verified fact.
- claim
- claimed
- claiming
- claimant
正答・解説
問17:A(claim)。a visitor’s claimは名詞。「証明済み」とは別。
問18
The unusually warm readings ___ that the device might need checking.
- suggestion
- suggest
- suggestive
- suggestedness
正答・解説
問18:B(suggest)。readings suggest that+節で検査の必要性を示唆。
問19
The chart does not ___ the exact reason for the decline.
- indication
- indicator
- indicate
- indicative
正答・解説
問19:C(indicate)。does not indicate the reason=原因を示していない。
問20
The group has not yet been able to ___ its original theory.
- proof
- proving
- provedly
- prove
正答・解説
問20:D(prove)。be able to prove+仮説。現時点では未実証。
第2部|断定を強めない英文書き換え12問
本文が主張・示唆・表示・証明のどれを述べたかを保ってください。
問21
The article says the new system is better, but offers no figures.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
The article claims that the new system is better without providing figures.
claimsは記事の主張であり真実の保証でない。
問22
The results point to a possible problem with the device.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
The results suggest that the device may have a problem.
可能性mayと示唆を保つ。
問23
The red symbol shows where visitors should leave the building.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
The red symbol indicates the exit for visitors.
標識が示している場所をindicateで表す。
問24
The study did not establish that every student learned more.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
The study did not prove that every student learned more.
証明されなかったことを否定で保持。
問25
Several people reported that the route had changed, but it was not confirmed.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
Several people claimed that the route had changed, but it was unconfirmed.
未確認の主張として残す。
問26
The evidence provides a reason to suspect the repairs helped.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
The evidence suggests that the repairs may have helped.
証拠からの示唆であり実証ではない。
問27
A small arrow shows the direction of the meeting room.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
A small arrow indicates the direction of the meeting room.
表示・指示の意味。
問28
Without before-and-after records, the town could not establish lower costs.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
Without before-and-after records, the town could not prove that costs had fallen.
記録不足による未実証を保持。
問29
The report says the method will reduce noise, although no tests are described.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
The report claims that the method will reduce noise without describing tests.
主張と根拠不在を区別。
問30
The observations make it possible that the change is helpful.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
The observations suggest that the change may be helpful.
可能性を断定に変えない。
問31
The timetable shows that the last bus leaves at nine.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
The timetable indicates that the last bus leaves at nine.
情報表示による示し方。
問32
Further evidence is needed to establish the cause of the damage.
模範英文と日本語の根拠
Further evidence is needed to prove what caused the damage.
因果の証明には追加資料が必要。
第3部|独自4長文・内容一致12問
学校・公園・博物館・省エネルギー設備を題材とする慶英会独自の説明文です。測定した事実と解釈を区別します。
長文1|学校図書館の学習アプリと実測
A school introduced a reading application for two classes. Some teachers claimed that the application helped students become more independent. The system recorded how often exercises were completed, and these records indicated that students were checking answers more frequently. However, the school had not compared examination scores with those from classes using printed materials. The principal therefore said the results might suggest a useful change in study habits but did not prove that the application increased reading ability. A longer trial with more classes was planned before deciding whether to expand the service.問33|What did the records indicate?
- Students checked answers more frequently
- Every student passed an examination
- All printed books were removed
- The library had closed
問34|What was not proved?
- Whether the app was introduced
- Improved reading ability
- Whether teachers had opinions
- Whether a longer trial was planned
問35|What will the principal do before expansion?
- Sell every device
- Cancel the entire school year
- Use evidence from a longer, broader trial
- Declare success immediately
日本語要旨と全解答・根拠
学校の読書アプリに関して教師の一部は自主学習が進むと主張。解答確認頻度は記録で増加を示したが試験得点の比較はなく、読解力改善の証明ではない。長期・他クラスでの試行予定。
問33:A(Students checked answers more frequently)。records showed more frequent checking。
問34:B(Improved reading ability)。reading ability effect not proved。
問35:C(Use evidence from a longer, broader trial)。more classes and longer trial。
長文2|公園の昆虫調査と照明
Volunteers counted moths at two points in a park on several evenings. One location had brighter lights, while the other was less brightly lit. The counts were different, and the report suggested that lighting might influence insect movement. However, the weather was not the same on all observation nights, and the researchers had not controlled other factors. The report did not claim that lighting was the only cause. The town plans to continue the study before making permanent changes to any lights used for public safety.問36|What did the counts suggest?
- Lighting might influence insect movement
- All moths disappeared forever
- No insects were observed
- The town had proved one cause
問37|Why was a definite causal conclusion not justified?
- There were no observers
- Weather and other factors were not controlled
- Every observation occurred in one hour
- The lights were never different
問38|What has not yet been decided?
- Whether the park has insects
- Whether volunteers collected counts
- Permanent changes to public safety lighting
- Whether a report exists
日本語要旨と全解答・根拠
公園の昆虫数は照明条件の異なる2地点で差が出たが、天候などが統一されておらず照明単独原因の証明にはならない。安全照明の恒久変更前に追加観察予定。
問36:A(Lighting might influence insect movement)。suggested lighting might influence movement。
問37:B(Weather and other factors were not controlled)。uncontrolled weather and factors。
問38:C(Permanent changes to public safety lighting)。permanent changes pending。
長文3|博物館の入館案内と誤情報
A museum replaced an old paper guide with clearer signs and a new website. Several visitors claimed that the signs made it easier to find the entrance. During the first week, staff received fewer questions at the information desk. This could indicate that visitors were less confused, but a separate exhibition had attracted a different group of visitors that week. Since walking times were not measured, staff did not claim the new signs had proved a general improvement in navigation speed. The museum will review feedback from ordinary weekdays before buying additional signs.問39|What did some visitors claim?
- The entrance was easier to find
- Every route became shorter
- All museum staff were replaced
- The museum stopped accepting visitors
問40|What other factor could have affected the findings?
- An examination at a school
- A different visitor group attracted by an exhibition
- A change in the national currency
- Every visitor checking a map
問41|What was not measured?
- Whether some feedback was received
- Whether the signs existed
- Walking times after the changes
- Whether a website was available
日本語要旨と全解答・根拠
博物館の案内変更後に一部来館者は分かりやすいと主張し窓口質問も減ったが、別の展示で来館者層が変わった可能性がある。歩行時間の一般的な改善は実証していない。
問39:A(The entrance was easier to find)。some visitors’ claim=主観的な報告。
問40:B(A different visitor group attracted by an exhibition)。nearby exhibition changed sample。
問41:C(Walking times after the changes)。walking times unmeasured。
長文4|地域施設の省エネルギー計画
A public center installed a set of sensors to monitor electricity use. A report claimed that the project would reduce waste, and early measurements showed lower electricity use on some afternoons. However, the center had also reduced its opening hours during the same period. These facts suggested that different factors might have influenced the readings. Without comparing energy use during equivalent hours and activities, the center could not prove that the sensors alone caused the decrease. Officials will collect additional data before deciding whether to buy similar devices for other buildings.問42|What did some early measurements show?
- Lower electricity use on certain afternoons
- Every building reduced its bills
- A complete stop to electricity use
- No change in any readings
問43|Why was the effect of sensors alone unproven?
- The center had no sensors
- Opening hours were reduced during the same period
- The center never kept records
- There were no afternoons in the trial
問44|What will happen before the center considers buying more sensors?
- All devices will be discarded
- No further data will be collected
- More data under comparable conditions will be reviewed
- Every building will receive them immediately
日本語要旨と全解答・根拠
施設のセンサー設置後、一部午後の電力使用は低かったが同時期に開館時間も短縮。センサー単独の効果を示す比較条件は満たしておらず、増設前に追跡データを収集する。
問42:A(Lower electricity use on certain afternoons)。some afternoon measurements lower。
問43:B(Opening hours were reduced during the same period)。different opening hours were a confounding factor。
問44:C(More data under comparable conditions will be reviewed)。additional data to inform decision。
誤答を防ぐ確認方法
| 本文の範囲 | 誤った強め方 |
|---|---|
| Some teachers claimed … | 学校全体が確定した事実とする |
| The data suggest that it may help. | 必ず役立つと断定する |
| The chart indicates fewer visits. | 特定の政策が原因だと決めつける |
| The study did not prove … | 測定されていない効果を証明済みとする |
7日間の復習
- 1〜2日目:4択20問の品詞と動詞の語形を確認。
- 3〜4日目:書き換え12問で可能性を断定へ変えない練習。
- 5〜6日目:4長文12問の根拠を本文中で確認。
- 7日目:英検公式過去問で主張と実測の違いを説明する。
FAQ
claimは事実だと認めたという意味ですか?
claimは「主張する」という意味です。主張自体は事実でも、主張内容が立証されているとは限りません。
suggestとindicateはどう違いますか?
suggestは示唆、indicateは指し示す・徴候を示す意味が中心ですが、重なる場合があります。
proveとshowは必ず同じですか?
必ずしも同じではありません。proveは立証という強い意味を持ち、showはより幅広く示す場合に使われます。
公式過去問ですか?
いいえ。慶英会が独自に作成した44課題です。
関連教材
中高一貫校の英文法と英検2級Reading・Writingの根拠の読み取りを強化する方は、慶英会の最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご利用ください。
公式参照
日本英語検定協会|2級試験内容。教材・問題・解答は慶英会独自制作です。
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慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する
