英検1級では、単語そのものより「否定がどこまでかかっているか」で意味が変わる英文が出てきます。not necessarily、not all、few、little、no longerなどを単純に「否定」と処理すると、本文の主張を逆に理解してしまうことがあります。この記事では、否定の範囲と強さを正確に読む独自36問で練習します。
否定は「何を否定しているか」を見る
- not necessarily:必ずしも~ではない
- not all:すべてが~というわけではない
- few:ほとんどない
- little:ほとんどない(不可算名詞)
- no longer:もはや~ない
独自36問
- The policy is not necessarily effective in every region.
- Not all residents supported the proposal.
- Few companies could afford the full cost.
- There is little evidence that the reform caused the change.
- The service is no longer available on weekends.
- Not all students benefit equally from online learning.
- The findings do not necessarily apply to older adults.
- Few researchers accepted the original explanation.
- There was little improvement after the intervention.
- The system is no longer used by the agency.
- Not all local governments adopted the measure.
- The result is not necessarily evidence of causation.
- Few participants reported serious difficulties.
- Little information was available at the time.
- The company no longer relies on imported materials.
- Not all applications were processed immediately.
- The policy is not necessarily cheaper in the long term.
- Few residents opposed the revised plan.
- There is little reason to expect a rapid change.
- The old procedure is no longer required.
- Not all evidence supports the same conclusion.
- The change does not necessarily indicate a failure.
- Few schools have adopted the program.
- There was little public interest in the first version.
- The museum is no longer open on Mondays.
- Not all experts agree on the interpretation.
- The policy is not necessarily harmful to small firms.
- Few regions met the original target.
- Little funding remained after the first stage.
- The company no longer manufactures the older model.
- Not all benefits appear immediately.
- The finding is not necessarily generalizable.
- Few communities requested additional support.
- There is little evidence of a long-term effect.
- The service is no longer limited to local residents.
- Not all participants completed the follow-up survey.
よくある誤読
「not necessarily true」は「false」ではありません。「必ずしもtrueではない」だけで、trueの可能性は残ります。同じように「not all students failed」は「all students passed」ではありません。一部はfailedしている可能性があります。
長文での実戦
内容一致問題では、「not all」「few」「only」などの限定語が選択肢で消されていないか確認してください。本文が慎重な主張なのに、選択肢が全面的な断定になっている場合は注意が必要です。
参考にした主な公式情報
- 公益財団法人 日本英語検定協会「1級の試験内容」
- 公益財団法人 日本英語検定協会「各級の審査基準」

