慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
結論：英検1級の二次面接で『その政策にはこんな問題があるのでは？』と反例を出された場合、反例を無視したり自説を撤回するだけで終わったりする必要はありません。反例が成立する条件を認め、その問題を減らす対策を示し、元の目的を残す回答を練習します。慶英会独自28問に英語モデル回答・和訳と根拠解説を付けました。公式過去問ではありません。
反例への対応は「認める→修正する→目的を守る」
① I agree that … で具体的な懸念を認める。② I would … で条件・代替策を示す。③ The aim remains … で、元の政策目的が何か明確にする。追加質問は原則を考え直す契機であり、反例に合わせて適用範囲を変えることも論理的な回答の一つです。
独自28問｜反例と条件付きの回答
問1｜If public transportation is unreliable, should cities still discourage car use?
模範英語回答：I agree that restricting car use without reliable transport can be unfair. I would improve bus and train connections before imposing new restrictions before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain reducing congestion while protecting access to work, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：代替交通がない場合は先に交通網を改善する。問題となる条件は restricting car use without reliable transport can be unfair、修正案は improve bus and train connections before imposing new restrictions。
問2｜What if remote work harms teamwork?
模範英語回答：I agree that some remote teams may lose opportunities to coordinate. I would retain regular joint reviews and clear communication standards before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain flexible work without weakening teamwork, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：在宅勤務の利点を保ちつつ対面連携を補う。問題となる条件は some remote teams may lose opportunities to coordinate、修正案は retain regular joint reviews and clear communication standards。
問3｜What if tourism restrictions reduce local income?
模範英語回答：I agree that visitor limits could harm families who depend on tourism. I would use timed entries and guide visitors toward less crowded locations before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain protecting local environments and livelihoods, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：来訪者を一律に減らすのではなく需要を分散する。問題となる条件は visitor limits could harm families who depend on tourism、修正案は use timed entries and guide visitors toward less crowded locations。
問4｜What if financial education does not change student behavior?
模範英語回答：I agree that financial lessons alone may not change habits. I would add practical spending exercises and ongoing feedback before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain better financial decisions instead of memorized definitions, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：知識と行動のギャップを実践で埋める。問題となる条件は financial lessons alone may not change habits、修正案は add practical spending exercises and ongoing feedback。
問5｜What if preventive healthcare is expensive?
模範英語回答：I agree that screening can be expensive and sometimes unnecessary. I would target high-risk groups and evaluate benefits and harms before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain early detection without excessive interventions, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：一律の検査からリスクに応じた提供へ切り替える。問題となる条件は screening can be expensive and sometimes unnecessary、修正案は target high-risk groups and evaluate benefits and harms。
問6｜What if digital public services exclude older people?
模範英語回答：I agree that older residents could be excluded by digital-only services. I would keep staffed counters and test forms with older users before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain faster administration with universal access, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：デジタル化と対面窓口を併存させる。問題となる条件は older residents could be excluded by digital-only services、修正案は keep staffed counters and test forms with older users。
問7｜What if congestion fees hurt workers with no alternatives?
模範英語回答：I agree that workers without alternatives may bear disproportionate charges. I would improve transit and offer income-based discounts first before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain less congestion without unfair financial pressure, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：通勤の選択肢がない人への負担を減らす。問題となる条件は workers without alternatives may bear disproportionate charges、修正案は improve transit and offer income-based discounts first。
問8｜What if renewable energy projects require large areas of land?
模範英語回答：I agree that large energy projects may harm land users and biodiversity. I would prioritize suitable sites and evaluate impacts with local communities before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain clean energy with responsible land use, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：環境保護を犠牲にした再エネ導入を避ける。問題となる条件は large energy projects may harm land users and biodiversity、修正案は prioritize suitable sites and evaluate impacts with local communities。
問9｜What if internships are unpaid?
模範英語回答：I agree that unpaid internships can exclude students with limited income. I would offer paid placements or equivalent supervised projects before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain practical career learning with fair access, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：無給実習の格差を解消する。問題となる条件は unpaid internships can exclude students with limited income、修正案は offer paid placements or equivalent supervised projects。
問10｜What if project-based learning reduces time for basic skills?
模範英語回答：I agree that projects can crowd out essential grammar and mathematics. I would retain explicit instruction and assess core competencies before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain active learning with solid foundations, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：探究と基礎知識のバランスを取る。問題となる条件は projects can crowd out essential grammar and mathematics、修正案は retain explicit instruction and assess core competencies。
問11｜What if public museums lose revenue after free admission?
模範英語回答：I agree that free admission may cut conservation revenue. I would protect a preservation budget and test free days first before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain broader cultural access and safe collections, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：保存資金を確保して無料日を試す。問題となる条件は free admission may cut conservation revenue、修正案は protect a preservation budget and test free days first。
問12｜What if historic preservation makes housing more expensive?
模範英語回答：I agree that restoration may make some housing unaffordable. I would coordinate conservation with targeted housing support before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain heritage protection without displacement, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：歴史保全と住まいの継続可能性を両立する。問題となる条件は restoration may make some housing unaffordable、修正案は coordinate conservation with targeted housing support。
問13｜What if cycling infrastructure increases accident risks?
模範英語回答：I agree that poorly designed cycle lanes may create new dangers. I would audit junctions and separate cyclists from pedestrians where possible before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain safer low-emission travel, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：経路の安全を確認しながら段階導入。問題となる条件は poorly designed cycle lanes may create new dangers、修正案は audit junctions and separate cyclists from pedestrians where possible。
問14｜What if remote work reduces opportunities for junior employees?
模範英語回答：I agree that junior staff may lose mentoring opportunities. I would schedule in-person coaching and structured feedback before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain flexible work with professional development, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：若手の指導機会を補う。問題となる条件は junior staff may lose mentoring opportunities、修正案は schedule in-person coaching and structured feedback。
問15｜What if shorter workweeks reduce service quality?
模範英語回答：I agree that shorter workweeks can leave essential services understaffed. I would pilot shifts and monitor actual service coverage before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain work-life improvements without loss of quality, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：人員配置を調整した試行を優先。問題となる条件は shorter workweeks can leave essential services understaffed、修正案は pilot shifts and monitor actual service coverage。
問16｜What if public data access creates privacy risks?
模範英語回答：I agree that public data can expose identifiable information. I would release aggregate data and conduct privacy reviews before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain public scrutiny with protected personal information, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：再識別を防ぐ公開方式に切り替える。問題となる条件は public data can expose identifiable information、修正案は release aggregate data and conduct privacy reviews。
問17｜What if tourist limits cause businesses to close?
模範英語回答：I agree that limits can threaten small businesses and jobs. I would phase in restrictions and support alternative visitor routes before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain resident protection and viable tourism, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：観光事業者の損失を緩和する。問題となる条件は limits can threaten small businesses and jobs、修正案は phase in restrictions and support alternative visitor routes。
問18｜What if digital education works poorly for self-directed students?
模範英語回答：I agree that some students may struggle even with online guidance. I would provide structured tutoring and accessible face-to-face options before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain digital access without excluding learners who need support, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：自己管理が難しい学習者に支援を追加する。問題となる条件は some students may struggle even with online guidance、修正案は provide structured tutoring and accessible face-to-face options。
問19｜What if school homework is necessary for exam preparation?
模範英語回答：I agree that practice is essential when it targets tested skills. I would remove repetitive tasks but retain short targeted exercises before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain meaningful learning and adequate exam preparation, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：不要な宿題と必要な演習を区別する。問題となる条件は practice is essential when it targets tested skills、修正案は remove repetitive tasks but retain short targeted exercises。
問20｜What if consumer regulation increases prices?
模範英語回答：I agree that complex compliance rules may raise prices. I would simplify processes and focus enforcement on serious harm before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain consumer protection without needless administrative cost, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：消費者保護と実行費用を見直す。問題となる条件は complex compliance rules may raise prices、修正案は simplify processes and focus enforcement on serious harm。
問21｜What if green spaces require expensive land?
模範英語回答：I agree that green space requires land that has competing uses. I would start with shaded public sites and assess maintenance costs before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain urban cooling without excessive displacement, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：土地の競合を見ながら優先地区を決める。問題となる条件は green space requires land that has competing uses、修正案は start with shaded public sites and assess maintenance costs。
問22｜What if international exchange benefits only wealthy students?
模範英語回答：I agree that costs may exclude students from lower-income families. I would offer need-based grants and accessible local or virtual exchanges before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain international learning without income barriers, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：奨学金と代替交流を設ける。問題となる条件は costs may exclude students from lower-income families、修正案は offer need-based grants and accessible local or virtual exchanges。
問23｜What if career counseling cannot predict future jobs?
模範英語回答：I agree that advisers cannot accurately predict every new occupation. I would teach transferable skills and update guidance regularly before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain informed choices without false certainty, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：将来予測を約束せず汎用技能を重視する。問題となる条件は advisers cannot accurately predict every new occupation、修正案は teach transferable skills and update guidance regularly。
問24｜What if public subsidies discourage private investment?
模範英語回答：I agree that subsidies may replace investment that firms would have made anyway. I would require evidence of additional projects and set time limits before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain useful support without crowding out private finance, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：追加性がない補助金を避ける。問題となる条件は subsidies may replace investment that firms would have made anyway、修正案は require evidence of additional projects and set time limits。
問25｜What if disaster prevention spending seems wasteful in low-risk areas?
模範英語回答：I agree that low-risk areas still face rare but potentially severe emergencies. I would assess exposure and prioritize proportionate preparedness before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain resilience without wasteful universal spending, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：危険度に合わせて訓練と設備を配分。問題となる条件は low-risk areas still face rare but potentially severe emergencies、修正案は assess exposure and prioritize proportionate preparedness。
問26｜What if flexible work increases inequality inside companies?
模範英語回答：I agree that flexibility may benefit office workers more than service employees. I would design job-specific arrangements and review fairness before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain reasonable autonomy across different roles, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：職種で利益が違うことを認める。問題となる条件は flexibility may benefit office workers more than service employees、修正案は design job-specific arrangements and review fairness。
問27｜What if digital libraries reduce physical library use?
模範英語回答：I agree that digital access may reduce visits to physical branches. I would retain essential branches and evaluate community needs before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain broader information access and local social support, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：図書館の地域拠点としての機能を維持する。問題となる条件は digital access may reduce visits to physical branches、修正案は retain essential branches and evaluate community needs。
問28｜What if local cultural programs attract too few participants?
模範英語回答：I agree that low attendance may signal weak outreach or an unsuitable format. I would ask residents what they need and redesign a limited pilot before applying the original policy widely. The aim would remain cultural participation without automatic spending increases, but the approach should be adapted to the people and conditions involved.
日本語の解説：少人数の理由を調べて文化活動を見直す。問題となる条件は low attendance may signal weak outreach or an unsuitable format、修正案は ask residents what they need and redesign a limited pilot。
反論が続く場合の練習
各問を一度読んだら、別の反例を追加してください。たとえば予算不足、地域格差、障害のある利用者への配慮、運用人員の不足などです。必要なら『その条件では今は実施しない』と答えることもできます。ただし未確認の成功率・費用を捏造しないでください。
よくある質問
Q. 反例を認めると自分の主張が矛盾しませんか？ A. 適用条件を明示すれば、条件付きの主張として整合します。Q. すぐ反対意見へ反論すべきですか？ A. まずその懸念の合理的な点を確認し、それから対応を示します。Q. 言い回しを暗唱するだけでよいですか？ A. いいえ。新しい反例でも条件と対策を再構成できることが目標です。
関連教材・公式情報
Yes,butで条件付き賛成を示す28問｜政策の優先順位と費用28問｜英検協会・1級の面接形式
慶英会：最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談
最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談受付中
最大1か月の完全無料体験をご案内
学校教材・学力・目標に合わせた個別指導
入塾前に授業の進め方や講師との相性をお確かめください。
学校英語・定期テスト・英検の学習相談にも対応します。
保護者様の教育相談も無料で承ります。
1.学年 2. 学習目標 3.体験ご希望をお送りください。
体験の期間・回数・担当講師・日程は、ご希望と受付状況を確認してご案内します。
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する