英検1級・CBDC中央銀行デジタル通貨【BIS】独自長文・要約・英作文・面接8問

結論：英検1級の「CBDC・中央銀行デジタル通貨」では、検討と発行、中央銀行マネーと民間決済、リテールとホールセールを分けて考えます。BISの2025年公表調査では2024年の回答93中央銀行のうち85（91%）がCBDCの検討を進めていました。これは91%がすでに発行したという意味ではありません。慶英会の独自長文530語・読解6問、聴解163語・4問、要約99語、英作文201語、面接8問を公開します。

一次情報：BIS｜2024 Survey on CBDCs, Published 2025、BIS｜CBDC System Design（2024年）。公表年と調査年は別です。Eastmereという町と制度は慶英会の架空の英語学習用事例で、各国の通貨発行予定や投資行動を断定するものではありません。公式英検1級の問題構成は日本英語検定協会をご確認ください。

CBDCの6つの重要な違い

比較	見分けるべき点
Explore / Issue	研究していることと現実の発行は別
Retail / Wholesale	一般利用と金融機関等の取引は目的が違う
Central / Private	中央銀行マネーと民間銀行預金・決済は異なる
Offline	通信がなくても利用できるかは制度設計の選択
Privacy / Cybersecurity	プライバシー・サイバーセキュリティを個別に評価
Research / Cash	CBDCの研究は現金の廃止を自動的に意味しない

独自長文｜Studying Digital Currency Is Not Issuing It（530語）

Paragraph 1. Digital payments have expanded worldwide, but not everything called digital money has the same issuer or legal meaning. Money in a private payment application, a commercial bank deposit and a central bank digital currency should not automatically be treated as identical. A CBDC is a possible digital form of central bank money whose design depends on the relevant jurisdiction. Crucially, discussing a proposal or conducting experiments does not mean a central bank has issued such money to the public. This distinction matters because interest in technological innovation can easily be misrepresented as a completed decision to replace existing forms of payment.

Paragraph 2. A BIS paper published in August 2025 describes a survey of 93 central banks carried out in 2024. Eighty-five respondents, or 91 percent, were exploring retail CBDCs, wholesale CBDCs or both. The figure concerns exploration, not issuance. Retail proposals may aim to serve wider public payment needs, whereas wholesale arrangements generally address transactions among financial institutions. Different central banks have different objectives, and potential system features remain questions for design and policy. One should not infer a universal introduction date from a survey of research activity.

Paragraph 3. In the fictional city of Eastmere, a public consultation is held about a possible retail CBDC. One resident assumes that cash will soon be abolished because officials are considering digital central bank money. An adviser explains that examining payment-system options does not settle the future of banknotes. Another participant asks whether a smartphone wallet operated by a private company automatically represents a CBDC. The adviser points out that the issuer and nature of the underlying money need to be identified. A third resident is concerned about who could see transaction information and whether the new arrangement would provide appropriate protections.

Paragraph 4. The consultation turns to possible system design. Research discussed by the BIS highlights privacy, cyber security, offline functionality and point-of-sale payments as interconnected considerations. Residents with unreliable internet connections ask whether they could make payments during an outage. Officials caution that offline operation is a possible design feature, not something guaranteed by every proposal. Privacy also requires explicit choices and rules rather than a statement that any digital technology is perfectly anonymous. Protecting users and maintaining trustworthy transactions can involve different priorities that must be addressed coherently.

Paragraph 5. Local merchants are interested in reliable transactions and simple service arrangements, but they worry about the expense of equipment and staff training. Some residents may face barriers related to devices, digital literacy or disabilities. Officials therefore plan to test practical tasks and provide accessible information before declaring any new system useful. A high number of application downloads would not establish that the payment arrangement is fair, secure or affordable. The policy should also consider existing payment methods and how a new option might affect different groups.

Paragraph 6. Eastmere concludes that careful study is useful, but no adoption decision should be presumed. The committee proposes evaluating a clear policy purpose, the legal framework, actual reliability, privacy safeguards and accessibility. It will distinguish surveys from implementation and retail proposals from wholesale arrangements. Informed debate about digital central bank money should proceed through credible evidence and realistic trade-offs rather than predictions that research automatically leads to the disappearance of cash.

読解・独自4択6問

Reading Q1

What is the passage’s central argument?

• (A) Every smartphone wallet is central bank money.
• (B) Exploration and issuance are identical stages.
• (C) CBDC policy requires accurate distinctions among money, research and system design.
• (D) Cash must be eliminated whenever research begins.

Reading Q2

What does the 91-percent BIS result mean?

• (A) 85 of 93 responding central banks were exploring CBDCs in 2024.
• (B) 91 percent of the public already used issued CBDCs.
• (C) 91 percent of countries had banned notes by 2025.
• (D) Every surveyed institution had begun full operation.

Reading Q3

Which retail–wholesale distinction is supported?

• (A) Wholesale CBDC means consumer discount vouchers.
• (B) Retail CBDCs cannot be used for payment.
• (C) Wholesale CBDCs are private payment applications.
• (D) Retail proposals concern wider users, while wholesale proposals focus on selected financial institutions.

Reading Q4

Why is an offline CBDC feature not guaranteed?

• (A) Offline use has no relationship to digital systems.
• (B) It is a design consideration involving practical and policy trade-offs.
• (C) Every country has identical networks.
• (D) All CBDCs have already been issued.

Reading Q5

How does the passage discuss privacy?

• (A) Privacy is guaranteed whenever a bank uses computers.
• (B) Privacy is irrelevant to digital central bank money.
• (C) Privacy and security require explicit safeguards and design decisions.
• (D) Every CBDC necessarily publishes all transactions.

Reading Q6

What would best demonstrate a useful proposed system?

• (A) Reliable, accessible transactions and appropriate safeguards under a clear policy objective.
• (B) The largest number of announcements.
• (C) The highest number of application icons.
• (D) An assumption that cash will disappear.

長文6問の全解答

Reading Q1 正解（C）CBDC policy requires accurate distinctions among money, research and system design.。The introduction and conclusion separate issuer, research stage and implementation.

Reading Q2 正解（A）85 of 93 responding central banks were exploring CBDCs in 2024.。The 2025 report describes 2024 exploration rather than issuance.

Reading Q3 正解（D）Retail proposals concern wider users, while wholesale proposals focus on selected financial institutions.。The text explains intended user groups and purposes.

Reading Q4 正解（B）It is a design consideration involving practical and policy trade-offs.。The BIS’s system design work examines offline capability as a choice.

Reading Q5 正解（C）Privacy and security require explicit safeguards and design decisions.。The fourth paragraph notes privacy and cyber security are interconnected design concerns.

Reading Q6 正解（A）Reliable, accessible transactions and appropriate safeguards under a clear policy objective.。The conclusion prioritizes real usability and safeguards.

リスニング独自台本（163語）

音声ファイルは付属しません。台本を隠し第三者や端末の英語読み上げで一度聞いた後、4問に回答してください。英検の公式音源ではないため、英検1級の過去問音源でも初見演習をします。

At a fictional public meeting, a researcher says the BIS surveyed central banks about digital currencies. A participant asks whether the high percentage of banks exploring CBDCs means most have already launched one. The researcher says exploration is different from issuance. Another person asks whether a private mobile wallet is itself central bank money. The researcher explains that the identity of the issuer and the claim represented by the wallet matter. A shop owner then asks whether a future CBDC would always work without an internet connection. The researcher says offline payments are a system-design issue, not a feature that all proposals automatically include. Privacy and cyber security also depend on the arrangement. A resident worries that studying CBDCs means cash will disappear. The chair responds that no such conclusion follows from a survey of research projects. Officials agree to review the purpose, legal framework and actual usability of any proposed system rather than treat a survey result as a final policy decision.

独自リスニング4問

Listening Q1

What does the researcher say about the BIS survey?

• (A) It proves full worldwide rollout.
• (B) CBDC exploration does not equal issuance.
• (C) It measures the number of private wallets.
• (D) It requires immediate abolition of cash.

Listening Q2

Why is a private wallet not necessarily a CBDC?

• (A) Every private wallet is illegal.
• (B) It cannot contain any information.
• (C) It must only store coins.
• (D) The issuer and underlying monetary claim may differ.

Listening Q3

What is said about offline operation?

• (A) It is a potential system-design choice rather than a universal feature.
• (B) Every CBDC guarantees unlimited offline payments.
• (C) It cannot be considered by central banks.
• (D) It settles all privacy concerns.

Listening Q4

What does the chair say about cash?

• (A) Cash has already disappeared everywhere.
• (B) All CBDC studies immediately ban notes.
• (C) A research survey does not settle whether cash will remain.
• (D) The BIS has prohibited coins.

リスニング4問の全解答

Listening Q1 正解（B）CBDC exploration does not equal issuance.。The meeting explicitly distinguishes research from launch.

Listening Q2 正解（D）The issuer and underlying monetary claim may differ.。The researcher asks who issues and owes the relevant money.

Listening Q3 正解（A）It is a potential system-design choice rather than a universal feature.。Offline functionality is one technical and policy question.

Listening Q4 正解（C）A research survey does not settle whether cash will remain.。The consultation does not imply a universal cash policy.

英文要約｜90〜110語

BISのCBDC検討割合と発行の違い、民間決済との区別、システムの安全性・使いやすさを残して要約します。

A BIS survey published in 2025 found that 85 of 93 responding central banks explored retail or wholesale CBDCs during 2024, but exploration does not mean issuance. In a fictional consultation, residents confuse a potential CBDC with private wallets and assume cash will disappear. Officials explain that the issuer and intended users matter, while privacy, cyber security and offline functionality depend on specific design choices. A new digital system could also create barriers involving devices, reliability and cost. The region therefore proposes assessing practical access and safeguards before making decisions. CBDC research should not be mistaken for inevitable implementation.

99語。慶英会の架空のケースを含む独自要約です。

意見論述｜政府はCBDCを研究すべきか

Original TOPIC: Should governments continue research into central bank digital currencies?

Governments should study central bank digital currencies carefully, but research should not be interpreted as an automatic decision to issue them. Digital payment systems can offer useful options while creating significant responsibilities. First, central banks should identify clear policy objectives. A retail CBDC and a wholesale arrangement may serve different users, and one design should not be assumed suitable for everyone. Second, privacy and security need careful examination. People should understand how personal information might be handled and what safeguards would apply. Technical convenience alone does not guarantee appropriate protection. Third, systems must work in practical conditions. Some people face unreliable internet connections or difficulty using digital services. Offline functionality may help, but it is a design choice that requires testing rather than a universal promise. Critics reasonably worry about the expense of new payment infrastructure and possible disruption to existing services. Governments should therefore conduct transparent consultations and compare benefits with costs before deciding. A survey showing that many central banks are exploring CBDCs is not proof that they have issued one. In conclusion, I support cautious research, clear definitions and meaningful evaluation. The goal should be reliable and accessible payment options rather than technological adoption for its own sake.

201語。3つの理由と制度のコストを論じる独自モデルです。

二次面接・スピーチとQ&A8問

Original TOPIC: Should central banks continue studying digital currencies?

I believe central banks should continue studying digital currencies, but they should not treat a research project as a decision to replace cash. A CBDC is different from a private payment application, and its design depends on the country. First, officials should explain the purpose of a proposal. A retail CBDC for the public is not the same as a wholesale arrangement for financial institutions. Second, privacy and cyber security are important. People need reliable transactions and understandable information about how their data would be protected. Third, access should be considered. Not everyone has stable internet or suitable devices, and offline operation is not automatically possible in every proposed system. There are financial and technical costs, so I favor consultation and limited trials before any final decision. Existing payment methods should also be evaluated rather than assumed obsolete. Governments should also consider the concerns of merchants, consumers and organizations responsible for existing services. In conclusion, the value of a CBDC depends on practical benefits and safeguards. Exploring an idea is not the same as issuing a new form of central bank money.

スピーチ182語。自分の話速で2分間練習してください。

Interview Q1

Question: Does exploring CBDCs mean they have already been issued?

Model answer: No. Research, experiments and issuance are different steps.

Interview Q2

Question: Are private smartphone wallets necessarily CBDCs?

Model answer: No. The issuer and the nature of the money determine the arrangement.

Interview Q3

Question: How does a retail CBDC differ from a wholesale CBDC?

Model answer: They concern different potential users and types of transactions.

Interview Q4

Question: Would studying CBDCs abolish cash automatically?

Model answer: No. Such a conclusion requires separate policy and legal decisions.

Interview Q5

Question: Are offline payments guaranteed?

Model answer: No. Offline functionality is one design consideration.

Interview Q6

Question: How should privacy be protected?

Model answer: Through appropriate design, rules and safeguards rather than vague assurances.

Interview Q7

Question: Can CBDCs improve financial inclusion?

Model answer: Potentially, but usability, affordable access and support require evaluation.

Interview Q8

Question: What would make a CBDC proposal convincing?

Model answer: A clear public purpose, appropriate legal design, reliable transactions and credible safeguards.

CBDC・金融・政策の重要語彙24表現

英語	日本語
central bank digital currency	中央銀行デジタル通貨
CBDC exploration	CBDCの検討
retail CBDC	一般向けCBDC
wholesale CBDC	金融機関等向けCBDC
central bank money	中央銀行マネー
commercial bank deposit	民間銀行預金
private wallet	民間のデジタルウォレット
issuance	発行
pilot programme	試験導入
monetary authority	通貨当局
payment system	決済システム
transaction integrity	取引の完全性
financial inclusion	金融包摂
offline functionality	オフライン機能
interoperability	相互運用性
system design	制度・システム設計
cyber security	サイバーセキュリティ
privacy safeguard	個人情報保護措置
legal framework	法的枠組み
policy objective	政策目的
operational resilience	運用上の強靱性
point of sale	店頭決済時点
public consultation	公的意見聴取
national jurisdiction	各国の法域

過剰な断定を修正する6文

• CBDC exploration does not establish issuance.
• A private wallet is not automatically central bank money.
• Retail and wholesale systems address different potential users.
• Offline functions may or may not be part of a particular design.
• Privacy and cyber security require explicit arrangements.
• Research into CBDCs does not itself mean cash must disappear.

7日間の復習

• 1日目：BISの調査年・公表年と長文6問を確認。
• 2日目：CBDC・民間決済の違いと語彙24表現。
• 3日目：台本を隠してリスニング4問。
• 4日目：90〜110語で要約。
• 5日目：200〜240語の英作文。
• 6日目：2分スピーチ・面接8問。
• 7日目：未使用の英検1級公式問題で未知の題材へ転用。

FAQ

BISの91％はCBDCが発行済みの比率ですか？

いいえ。2024年に検討していた回答中央銀行の割合です。

電子マネーは全てCBDCですか？

いいえ。誰が発行するどのようなマネーであるかを区別します。

CBDCの研究が始まれば現金は廃止されますか？

研究から現金廃止が自動的に決まることはありません。制度・政策の実際の決定が別途必要です。

公式情報と関連教材

• BIS｜CBDC Survey 2024/2025
• BIS｜System Design
• 英検協会｜英検1級公式形式
• 金融包摂とモバイルマネーの4技能教材
• デジタルデバイドの4技能教材
• 英検1級教材総合ガイド

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