慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検2級のReadingでrefuse・reject・decline・denyをすべて「断る」と訳すと、申請や許可の事実を取り違えます。refuse to doは行動の拒否、reject a proposalは提案の却下、decline an invitationは招待の辞退、deny doing / deny that …は行動や事実の否定です。
慶英会独自の4択20問・意味を保つ書き換え12問・独自長文4題の内容一致12問＝44課題を全正答・根拠・日本語要旨付きで公開します。個人情報・申請・施設利用という英検2級の実用的な場面を学ぶ教材で、公式過去問の転載ではありません。
結論｜拒否するのは「行動・申請・招待・事実」のどれか
| 表現 | 何を表す？ | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
| refuse to do | 行動を拒む | The guide refused to share addresses. |
| reject＋名詞 | 申請・提案・案を却下 | The school rejected the application. |
| decline＋名詞 / to do | 招待・依頼などを辞退、発言を控える | She declined the invitation. |
| deny doing / that節 | 行動・主張が事実であることを否定 | He denied sharing the file. |
| deny someone access / entry | 利用・入場を認めない | The hall denied visitors access. |
refuse・reject・declineは意味が重なる場合もあります。「rejectした＝誰も再申請できない」「申請が受理された＝すでに許可された」といった推論はできません。各文の目的語と確認済みの状態を優先してください。
英検2級公式形式との関係
日本英語検定協会の2級試験内容では、Readingは短文語句空所補充17問・長文空所補充6問・長文内容一致8問です。本記事の44課題は語法とEメール読解を集中的に練習する慶英会独自教材です。
第1部｜4択20問
問1
The speaker politely ___ to answer a question about private student records.
- refused
- rejected
- denied
- required
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 A（refused）。refuse to doは「〜することを断る」。個人情報に関する回答を断った。
問2
The committee ___ the proposal because its safety plan was incomplete.
- declined to
- rejected
- denied that
- refused to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 B（rejected）。reject a proposalで提案を採用しない。目的語がproposal。
問3
The student ___ copying answers from another person’s report.
- refused to
- rejected
- denied
- declined to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 C（denied）。deny doingは「〜したことを否定する」。copyingという動名詞が続く。
問4
The organizer ___ to comment before the investigation ended.
- rejected
- denied
- required
- declined
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 D（declined）。decline to commentは「コメントを控える・辞退する」。
問5
The applicant ___ to send a copy of an identification card by email.
- refused
- rejected
- denied
- accepted
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 A（refused）。refuse to sendで送付する行為を拒否。
問6
The school ___ the application because the signature was missing.
- refused to
- rejected
- denied to
- declined that
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 B（rejected）。reject an applicationは申請を不受理・却下する。
問7
The guide ___ that the exhibition had already been canceled.
- refused to
- rejected to
- denied
- declined to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 C（denied）。deny that＋節。すでに中止されたという主張を否定。
問8
The charity ___ an invitation to join the meeting because its volunteers were unavailable.
- denied that
- rejected to
- refused doing
- declined
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 D（declined）。decline an invitationは丁寧に招待を辞退。
問9
The company ___ to supply equipment before a safety inspection.
- refused
- rejected
- denied
- requested
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 A（refused）。refuse to supply＝供給を断る。
問10
The museum board ___ the design after finding a serious problem.
- declined to
- rejected
- denied having
- refused to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 B（rejected）。提案された設計をrejectした。
問11
The researcher ___ having changed the figures in the published graph.
- refused to
- rejected
- denied
- declined to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 C（denied）。deny having changed＝変更したことを否定する。
問12
The director ___ to discuss the final decision while the review was continuing.
- rejected
- denied
- required
- declined
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 D（declined）。decline to discuss＝話し合うことを控える。
問13
Visitors may be ___ entry if they do not have valid tickets.
- denied
- refused to
- declined to
- rejected to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 A（denied）。be denied entryは入場を認められないこと。deny 人 entryの受動。
問14
The publisher ___ the article because the sources could not be verified.
- declined to
- rejected
- denied that
- refused to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 B（rejected）。文章を掲載しないとしてreject the article。
問15
The staff member ___ that any personal information had been shared.
- refused to
- rejected
- denied
- declined to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 C（denied）。deny that＋節で共有したという事実を否定。
問16
The school politely ___ a request to use its hall after closing time.
- denied that
- refused to
- denied to
- declined
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 D（declined）。decline a requestも使える。「依頼を辞退した」。設問は丁寧さを明示。
問17
The manager ___ to approve the schedule without checking the costs.
- refused
- rejected
- denied
- required
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 A（refused）。refuse to approve＝承認することを拒んだ。実際の承認なし。
問18
The council ___ the funding proposal during its first review.
- declined to
- rejected
- denied being
- refused to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 B（rejected）。proposalを目的語として却下するreject。
問19
The company ___ responsibility for the error in its public notice.
- refused to
- rejected to
- denied
- declined to
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 C（denied）。deny responsibility＝責任を認めない。
問20
The expert ___ to answer the question because more evidence was needed.
- rejected
- denied
- permitted
- declined
正答・文法と意味の根拠
正答 D（declined）。decline to answer＝回答を控えた。
第2部｜書き換え12問
依頼と承認、辞退と事実否定の意味を変えずに、自然な英文に言い換えてください。モデル以外の自然な英文も成立し得ます。
問21
The volunteer said, "I will not share the passwords."
模範の書き換え・解説
The volunteer refused to share the passwords.
拒否する行為をrefuse to doで表す。
問22
The board decided that the submitted plan was unacceptable.
模範の書き換え・解説
The board rejected the submitted plan.
提案の不採用をreject＋名詞で示す。
問23
The student said, "I did not copy the report."
模範の書き換え・解説
The student denied copying the report.
deny＋動名詞は過去の行為を否定する。
問24
The professor politely said that she would not give an interview.
模範の書き換え・解説
The professor declined to give an interview.
丁寧な辞退をdecline to doへ。
問25
The club said it would not accept the invitation.
模範の書き換え・解説
The club declined the invitation.
辞退の行為。invitationを目的語に取る。
問26
The office did not allow visitors without confirmation to enter.
模範の書き換え・解説
The office denied entry to visitors without confirmation.
deny entry to＋人で入場を拒む。
問27
The organizers said the information in the rumor was not true.
模範の書き換え・解説
The organizers denied that the rumor was true.
deny that＋節。噂を否定。
問28
The council decided against the proposed building design.
模範の書き換え・解説
The council rejected the proposed building design.
reject the designで計画を却下。
問29
The guide said, "I will not take visitors into the closed area."
模範の書き換え・解説
The guide refused to take visitors into the closed area.
安全上の理由で案内を断る。
問30
The student insisted that she had not changed the photograph.
模範の書き換え・解説
The student denied having changed the photograph.
完了動名詞でその前の変更行為を否定。
問31
The speaker politely chose not to discuss the investigation.
模範の書き換え・解説
The speaker declined to discuss the investigation.
発言を控えたことを表す。
問32
The school did not accept the application because it was incomplete.
模範の書き換え・解説
The school rejected the incomplete application.
書類に不備があり申請を却下。
第3部｜独自4長文の内容一致12問
学校の参加資格、図書館の個人情報、施設の工事、イベント申請を題材にした慶英会オリジナルの架空英文です。
長文1｜学校の学習会への申請と参加資格
A school received forty applications for a weekend research workshop. Ten students had submitted forms without a required signature. The school rejected those incomplete applications but explained that students could submit corrected forms before the deadline. One parent declined an invitation to help as a volunteer because of a work commitment. Another parent refused to share students’ private addresses with a local business. The school has not yet decided which completed applications will be accepted, so submitting a corrected form does not guarantee a place.問33｜Why were ten applications rejected?
- They lacked a required signature
- They had too many signatures
- They were submitted by teachers
- They requested a longer workshop
問34｜What did one parent decline?
- A safety inspection
- An invitation to volunteer
- A request to join the workshop as a student
- A free library card
問35｜What is not yet decided?
- Whether forms may be corrected
- Whether forty people applied
- Which complete applications will be accepted
- Whether an invitation was sent
日本語要旨・問33〜35の全解答
週末研究会には40件の申請があり10件が署名不足のため却下されたが期限内の訂正再提出は可能。保護者の1人は仕事の都合で協力の招待を辞退し、別の保護者は個人住所の共有を拒否。訂正書類の提出と参加確定は別。
問33：A（They lacked a required signature）。rejected because required signature missing。
問34：B（An invitation to volunteer）。declined invitation to help as a volunteer。
問35：C（Which complete applications will be accepted）。completed applicants’ acceptance undecided。
長文2｜地域図書館の展示資料と個人情報
A public library planned an exhibition of letters donated by local families. A family agreed to lend several letters but refused to allow the library to publish their private addresses. The library accepted that restriction and prepared copies without identifying information. One visitor claimed the library had sold the originals, but the librarian denied that this had happened. The exhibition opened on the scheduled date. However, the library has not measured whether it improved visitors’ understanding of local history.問36｜What did the family refuse to allow?
- Publishing private addresses
- Making safe copies of letters
- Holding any local exhibition
- Returning all documents to the library
問37｜What did the librarian deny?
- The exhibition had a scheduled date
- That the library had sold the original letters
- That visitors might learn something
- That the family lent letters
問38｜What has the library not measured?
- Whether copies were prepared
- Whether the event opened
- Whether historical understanding improved
- Whether the family set a condition
日本語要旨・問36〜38の全解答
家族は手紙を貸したが住所公開を拒否。図書館は制限を受け入れ、個人情報を除いた複製を準備。原本を販売したという噂は司書が否定。展示は予定どおり開催したが学習効果は未測定。
問36：A（Publishing private addresses）。refused to allow publication of addresses。
問37：B（That the library had sold the original letters）。denied that originals had been sold。
問38：C（Whether historical understanding improved）。effect on understanding unmeasured。
長文3｜町の公共施設の安全点検
A town hall wanted to install a new lift. The safety committee rejected the first design because it did not provide enough room for wheelchair users. A building company was asked to prepare a revised design. Its director declined to comment on the expected opening date while the technical review was continuing. The town also denied access to the unfinished construction area for safety reasons. The revised plan has not yet been approved, and officials will not announce an opening date until the inspection is complete.問39｜Why was the first design rejected?
- It had insufficient space for wheelchair users
- The building was too old to repair
- The town had closed all lifts
- The company had no employees
問40｜Why did the director decline to comment?
- A final date had been approved
- The technical review was still continuing
- The town had already opened the lift
- The equipment had been removed
問41｜What is the status of the revised plan?
- It was approved immediately
- The lift is already in use
- It has not yet been approved
- It has been canceled permanently
日本語要旨・問39〜41の全解答
町役場の新しいエレベーター案は車椅子利用の空間不足で却下。改訂案を依頼したが技術審査中で会社代表は開業日についてコメントを控えた。工事中区域は安全上立入禁止。改訂案は未承認。
問39：A（It had insufficient space for wheelchair users）。safety committee rejected first design due insufficient space。
問40：B（The technical review was still continuing）。review ongoing; comment withheld。
問41：C（It has not yet been approved）。revised plan not yet approved。
長文4｜地域の公園利用申請と意見
A community group requested permission to hold an evening event in a public park. The town rejected the original application because the safety plan did not include a clear emergency exit. After volunteers revised the plan, they submitted it again. One official declined to say whether the new plan would be approved before the committee had met. The town denied that it had already promised permission. The organizers are preparing possible activities but cannot advertise the event as confirmed.問42｜Why was the first application rejected?
- It lacked a clear emergency exit plan
- There were too many schoolbooks
- The event had already finished
- The town had no parks
問43｜What did the official decline to say?
- How long the park had existed
- Whether the new plan would be approved before review
- Whether the group had volunteers
- Whether the original application was submitted
問44｜What must organizers not do yet?
- Prepare any possible activities
- Read the safety requirements
- Advertise the event as confirmed
- Submit another document
日本語要旨・問42〜44の全解答
公園での夜間イベント申請は非常口が不明確で最初は却下。修正して再提出したが審査前に承認見込みを答えることを担当者は辞退し、許可を約束済みだという噂も町が否定。開催確定の広告はできない。
問42：A（It lacked a clear emergency exit plan）。emergency exit unclear。
問43：B（Whether the new plan would be approved before review）。declined to comment on approval in advance。
問44：C（Advertise the event as confirmed）。event not confirmed。
間違えやすい英文
| 誤り・誤読 | 修正する考え方 |
|---|---|
| The staff refused sharing private data. | The staff refused to share private data. |
| The group denied to change the figures. | The group denied changing the figures. |
| 参加申請が却下＝訂正再提出もできない | 再申請可能かどうかは本文の規定に従う |
| 否定した＝虚偽であることが証明された | denyは主張・行為の否定であり証明とは別 |
7日間の復習
- 1〜2日目：4択20問を10問ずつ、目的語と動詞の形を確認。
- 3〜4日目：書き換え12問を6問ずつ練習。
- 5〜6日目：4長文12問を2題ずつ解く。
- 7日目：英検公式過去問の申請・許可・変更に関する表現を確認する。
よくある質問
refuseとrejectの違いは？
refuse to doは行動の拒否に、reject＋申請・提案などは提示された内容の却下に用います。文脈によって使い方は重なります。
denyの後ろはto不定詞ですか？
行為を否定する場合は通常deny doingです。事実を否定する場合はdeny that＋節を使えます。
decline an invitationは失礼ですか？
必ずしもそうではありません。丁寧に招待を辞退するときに使えます。
deny entryとdeny thatは同じですか？
意味が異なります。前者は入場を認めず、後者はthat節の内容が真実であることを否定します。
本教材は公式過去問ですか？
いいえ。慶英会独自の44課題です。
慶英会の関連無料教材
中高一貫校の定期テストと英検2級の実用英文を一緒に強化したい場合は、慶英会の最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご利用ください。
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公益財団法人日本英語検定協会｜2級試験内容。全文・設問・解答は慶英会が独自制作しています。
拒否・辞退の語法を理解した後は確定・検証へ：make sure・ensure・confirm・verifyの独自44問で、申請の受理、正式な確認、根拠の照合を区別できます。
refuse・reject・denyの語法から謝罪・非難へ：英検2級apologize・thank・blame・accuseの独自44問では、誰の発言なのか、非難が立証されているのかを独自長文から判断します。
英検対策を個別に相談したい保護者様へ
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する