慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検2級の長文読解で、when・before・after・by the time・until・eventuallyを見落とし、「何が先に起きたか」を間違えていませんか。英語の読解では、本文に登場する順番と出来事が実際に起きた順番が一致するとは限りません。過去完了や「その時点までに」を示す表現、予定と実施済みの区別を使って整理します。
慶英会が独自作成した4つの長文・内容一致32問・誤った時系列の修正16問＝合計48課題を、時系列表・日本語要旨・正答根拠とともに無料公開します。学校の英文法から英検2級のReadingに応用できる教材です。
結論｜日付・前後関係・完了・予定を4種類に分ける
| 英語表現 | 読むべきこと | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| before / after | 前か後か | Training took place before the trip. |
| by the time | ある時点に達するまでに完了したこと | By the time we arrived, the work had ended. |
| until | 動作・状態が継続した終点 | The gate stayed closed until noon. |
| by Friday | 金曜までという締切 | Submit the report by Friday. |
| plan to / will | まだ実施していない予定や意思 | The school plans to review results. |
注意：過去完了のhad doneは、ある過去時点より前に起きたことを示す手掛かりです。過去完了があれば必ず具体的な日付が判明するわけではありません。本文の日付や前後関係と合わせて判断します。
英検2級の公式試験形式と本教材
英検協会の2級公式試験内容では、Readingに長文語句空所補充6問、長文内容一致8問などがあります。本記事は時系列を読む技能に集中した独自48課題であり、公式の4題・48問という形式ではありません。
問題を解く4つの手順
- 日付・曜日・時刻などの時間表現を先に拾う。
- before / after / by the time / untilが示す前後関係を読み取る。
- 予定・変更・実施・終了・未測定という状態を分ける。
- 正答の選択肢が「本文の時間の順番」と一致するか確認する。
第1部｜独自長文4題・内容一致32問
最初は時系列表・解答を閉じ、初見で本文を読んでください。各長文8問の根拠を確認した後、時系列表で復習します。
長文1｜科学クラブの河川観察｜予定・変更・報告
On April 3, the science teacher announced a river observation trip scheduled for April 20. Students registered by April 9. The teacher arranged a bus on April 11, and the club held a safety session on April 12. Before the trip, students learned how to record water levels without entering the river.
On April 18, heavy rain damaged the path near the original observation site. The teacher therefore chose a different section of the river. The trip was not canceled, and the departure time did not change. By the time the bus left on April 20, all participants had attended the safety session. They collected information at the new site and returned to school as planned.
After the visit, the students compared their notes in class. They were required to submit their reports by April 24. The teacher plans to examine the reports before deciding whether another trip is useful. The club has not yet measured how much the activity improved students’ understanding of water management.
問1｜Which event happened before the bus was arranged?
- Students submitted reports
- Students finished the trip
- Registration closed
- The rain damaged the original path
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：C（Registration closed）
登録4月9日、バス手配4月11日。
問2｜What happened on April 12?
- The safety session was held
- The bus returned to school
- The report deadline passed
- The location was changed
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：A（The safety session was held）
held a safety session on April 12。
問3｜When did the path become unusable?
- April 3
- April 9
- April 11
- April 18
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：D（April 18）
On April 18 heavy rain damaged the path。
問4｜Which part of the original trip changed?
- The registration fee
- The observation site
- The day of the trip
- The departure time
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：B（The observation site）
site changed, departure time did not change。
問5｜By the time the bus left, what had participants already done?
- Submitted their final reports
- Completed the safety session
- Analyzed all later results
- Decided to hold another trip
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：B（Completed the safety session）
had attended the safety sessionが出発前。
問6｜Which happened after the river visit?
- The registration period opened
- The teacher arranged a bus
- Students compared their notes
- Heavy rain damaged the path
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：C（Students compared their notes）
After the visit, compared notes。
問7｜What was the latest date for submitting reports?
- April 24
- April 20
- April 18
- April 12
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：A（April 24）
submit by April 24。byは最終期限。
問8｜What has NOT been determined?
- Whether the students visited a new site
- Whether safety training occurred
- Whether reports were required
- Whether the activity improved understanding
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：D（Whether the activity improved understanding）
学習効果は未測定。
長文1の日本語要旨・正確な時系列
4月3日に4月20日の河川観察を発表。登録は4月9日まで、バス手配11日、安全研修12日。18日の豪雨で元の観察場所が使えなくなったため20日の訪問先だけ変更し、出発時刻はそのまま。訪問後に記録を比較し24日までにレポート提出。次回の実施や学習効果は未決定・未測定。
| 日付・段階 | 出来事 |
|---|---|
| 4月3日 | 訪問計画を発表 |
| 4月9日 | 登録締切 |
| 4月11日 | バスを手配 |
| 4月12日 | 安全研修 |
| 4月18日 | 豪雨により観察地点を変更 |
| 4月20日 | 変更後の地点へ実際に訪問 |
| 4月24日 | 報告書の提出締切 |
長文2｜公共図書館の改修｜閉鎖・点検・再開
On May 2, the town library announced plans to improve its side entrance. Staff began preparing an online guide on May 15 so that visitors would know how to reach the main door during the repairs. The side entrance was closed on May 27, several days before construction began on June 1. The main entrance remained open.
Workers finished the first stage of repairs on June 8. Inspectors checked the new entrance on June 10 and requested a small adjustment to the handrail. After the adjustment was completed, the side entrance reopened on June 12. The library had never promised that every room would be renovated during this period.
On June 20, staff asked visitors for comments about the updated entrance. Some said it was easier to use, while others wanted clearer signs. The library will consider further work, but it has not yet decided whether to change other entrances or measured the overall reduction in travel time.
問9｜What did staff prepare before the side entrance was closed?
- An online guide
- A report of travel-time savings
- A permanent plan for all entrances
- A new ticket price
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：A（An online guide）
May15 guide→May27 closure。
問10｜When was the side entrance closed?
- May 2
- May 15
- May 27
- June 12
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：C（May 27）
closed on May 27。
問11｜What happened after the closure?
- The main entrance was also permanently closed
- Construction started on June 1
- The library stopped lending books
- Visitors were asked for comments on May 20
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：B（Construction started on June 1）
closed May27→construction June1。
問12｜Why did the entrance not reopen immediately on June 10?
- Every room was under renovation
- The library had no staff
- Workers had not started the first stage
- An inspector requested a handrail adjustment
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：D（An inspector requested a handrail adjustment）
inspection requested adjustment。
問13｜When did the side entrance finally reopen?
- June 8
- June 10
- June 12
- June 20
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：C（June 12）
reopened June12 after adjustment。
問14｜Which entrance stayed open during the side-entrance work?
- The main entrance
- The side entrance throughout
- A new underground entrance
- No entrance
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：A（The main entrance）
main entrance remained open。
問15｜What did staff collect after the reopening?
- Extra entrance fees
- Visitors’ comments
- Examination scores
- New construction orders
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：B（Visitors’ comments）
June20 comments about updated entrance。
問16｜What is still undecided?
- Whether the side entrance reopened
- Whether the first repairs began
- Whether a handrail adjustment was requested
- Whether to change other entrances
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：D（Whether to change other entrances）
other entrances remains a future possibility。
長文2の日本語要旨・正確な時系列
5月2日に側面入口改修を告知。15日に案内準備、27日に側面入口閉鎖、6月1日工事開始。8日に第1段階終了、10日の点検で手すり調整を求められ、調整後12日に再開。正面入口は開いていた。20日に利用者意見を集めたが他入口の改修は未定、移動時間短縮は未測定。
| 日付・段階 | 出来事 |
|---|---|
| 5月2日 | 改修計画を公表 |
| 5月15日 | オンライン案内を準備 |
| 5月27日 | 側面入口を閉鎖 |
| 6月1日 | 工事開始 |
| 6月8日 | 第一段階終了 |
| 6月10日 | 点検で手すり調整が必要と判明 |
| 6月12日 | 側面入口再開 |
| 6月20日 | 利用者の意見収集 |
長文3｜学校の菜園と観察記録｜開始・調査・見直し
On July 3, a school announced a summer gardening project. Students who wanted to join registered by July 10. The first working session was held on July 13, when volunteers prepared the soil and planted vegetables. Teachers explained how to collect observations without damaging the plants.
During the following two weeks, students checked the soil several times and wrote down changes in the plants. On July 27, they compared their notes, but some entries were missing. A feedback meeting took place on July 29 so that students could suggest better recording methods. The first trial ended on August 1.
Teachers plan to discuss the results on August 5, after all observation sheets have been checked. They hope the project will help students understand plant growth, but they have not measured a change in science grades. No decision about repeating the project next year has been announced.
問17｜When did students finish registering?
- July 3
- July 10
- July 13
- July 27
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：B（July 10）
registered by July10。
問18｜What did volunteers do at the first working session?
- Publish an official report
- Measure science grades
- Prepare soil and plant vegetables
- Cancel the project
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：C（Prepare soil and plant vegetables）
July13 prepared soil and planted。
問19｜What did students do during the following two weeks?
- Record observations of the plants
- Close the school garden forever
- Hold daily public exhibitions
- Make a permanent funding decision
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：A（Record observations of the plants）
checked soil and wrote down changes。
問20｜What problem was noticed on July 27?
- No students had registered
- All vegetables were sold
- The garden was destroyed
- Some observation entries were missing
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：D（Some observation entries were missing）
some entries were missing。
問21｜What happened two days after July 27?
- The first working session
- A feedback meeting about recording
- Registration closed
- The project began
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：B（A feedback meeting about recording）
July29 feedback meeting。
問22｜When did the first trial end?
- July 10
- July 29
- August 1
- August 5
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：C（August 1）
ended on August1。
問23｜What is planned for August 5?
- A teachers’ discussion of results
- The first planting session
- Another registration deadline
- A permanent national program
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：A（A teachers’ discussion of results）
plan to discuss results Aug5。
問24｜What has not been established?
- Whether plants were grown
- Whether notes were collected
- Whether students met on July29
- Whether the activity improved science grades
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：D（Whether the activity improved science grades）
grades improvement not measured。
長文3の日本語要旨・正確な時系列
7月3日菜園企画を発表し10日登録締切。13日に土づくり・植え付け。その後2週間記録を取り27日に比較したが欠落があり、29日に改善会議。8月1日に試行終了、5日に結果を協議予定。理科成績への効果と翌年実施は未確認。
| 日付・段階 | 出来事 |
|---|---|
| 7月3日 | 企画発表 |
| 7月10日 | 応募締切 |
| 7月13日 | 植え付け |
| 7月13日以降 | 約2週間の観察記録 |
| 7月27日 | 観察記録を比較 |
| 7月29日 | 記録方法の改善会議 |
| 8月1日 | 第一回試行を終了 |
| 8月5日 | 教員が結果を協議する予定 |
長文4｜オンライン学習の接続障害｜代替手段と復旧
A school decided on September 5 to test an online homework system. Teachers attended a training session on September 8, and student registration opened on September 10. Two days later, the website stopped working during a practice activity. Staff could not restore the service immediately, so they distributed paper exercises as a temporary alternative on September 13.
The technical team repaired the system on September 20. Students who had received paper tasks were allowed to complete them without repeating the same work online. By September 25, the school had collected the quizzes from the first participants. It had also received comments about difficulties using the website on older devices.
Teachers plan to review these comments on October 1, but that review has not yet taken place in the period described. The school has not decided whether the platform should be used by every grade, and it cannot yet claim that the system improves examination results.
問25｜What happened before student registration opened?
- A system failure
- The platform’s restoration
- Teacher training
- A school-wide rollout
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：C（Teacher training）
Sep8 training→Sep10 registration。
問26｜On which date did the website stop working?
- September 8
- September 10
- September 13
- September 12
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：D（September 12）
two days after Sep10＝Sep12。
問27｜Why were paper exercises distributed?
- The website could not be restored immediately
- Every student preferred paper permanently
- The school had already rejected online tools
- The system was restored a month earlier
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：A（The website could not be restored immediately）
temporary alternative during outage。
問28｜When did the online system return?
- September 13
- September 20
- September 25
- October 1
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：B（September 20）
repaired on September20。
問29｜What was NOT required of students who completed paper tasks?
- Reading any instructions
- Submitting the first quiz
- Repeating the same tasks online
- Using their notebooks
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：C（Repeating the same tasks online）
did not need to repeat online work。
問30｜What had been collected by September 25?
- Only registration forms for another year
- Teacher contracts
- Exam results from every grade
- Quizzes and user comments
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：D（Quizzes and user comments）
quizzes and comments collected by Sep25。
問31｜Which event was still a future plan?
- The October 1 teachers’ review
- The September 8 training
- The September 20 repair
- The September 12 failure
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：A（The October 1 teachers’ review）
Oct1 planned, not yet happened。
問32｜Which claim is unsupported?
- The platform was tested
- The system has improved examination scores
- Paper was an alternative
- Some students used older devices
正答・日本語の根拠を確認
正答：B（The system has improved examination scores）
cannot claim improved examination results。
長文4の日本語要旨・正確な時系列
9月5日に宿題システムを試行決定、8日に教員研修、10日に生徒募集開始。12日に障害が起き13日に紙課題を代替配布。20日に復旧。紙課題を終えた生徒にはオンライン再提出を求めない。25日までに小テストと不具合の意見を回収し、10月1日協議予定。全学年への導入も試験成績への効果も未決定。
| 日付・段階 | 出来事 |
|---|---|
| 9月5日 | 試行決定 |
| 9月8日 | 教員研修 |
| 9月10日 | 生徒登録開始 |
| 9月12日 | システム停止 |
| 9月13日 | 紙課題を代替配布 |
| 9月20日 | システム復旧 |
| 9月25日まで | 小テスト・意見を回収 |
| 10月1日 | 教員による検討予定 |
第2部｜時系列の誤文を修正する16問
出来事を前後逆にした文や、予定を実施済みと断定した文を、本文の情報へ合わせて修正してください。模範以外の自然な英文もあり得ます。
長文1の誤文修正4問
問33
Incorrect: The teacher arranged the bus before registration closed.
修正例と理由
Registration closed on April 9, before the bus was arranged on April 11.
登録締切→手配の順序を正しくする。
問34
Incorrect: The safety session was held after the trip.
修正例と理由
The safety session took place on April 12, before the April 20 trip.
安全研修は出発前。
問35
Incorrect: The heavy rain canceled the whole trip.
修正例と理由
The rain caused a change of observation site, but the visit went ahead.
中止ではなく場所変更。
問36
Incorrect: Students had already submitted reports by the time the bus left.
修正例と理由
Reports were due on April 24, after the April 20 visit.
レポート提出は訪問後の締切。
長文2の誤文修正4問
問37
Incorrect: Construction began before the side entrance closed.
修正例と理由
The side entrance closed on May 27, before construction began on June 1.
入口閉鎖が先で工事開始が後。
問38
Incorrect: Inspectors approved the entrance without any change.
修正例と理由
Inspectors requested a handrail adjustment on June 10.
点検後に調整が必要。
問39
Incorrect: Visitors gave feedback before the entrance reopened.
修正例と理由
The entrance reopened on June 12, and feedback was collected on June 20.
再開後に意見収集。
問40
Incorrect: The library has already decided to renovate every entrance.
修正例と理由
The library has not decided whether other entrances will be changed.
別入口の改修は未決定。
長文3の誤文修正4問
問41
Incorrect: The feedback meeting was held before students compared notes.
修正例と理由
Students compared notes on July 27 and met for feedback on July 29.
比較が先、会議が後。
問42
Incorrect: The school started planting on the registration deadline.
修正例と理由
Registration closed on July 10, and planting began on July 13.
募集と開始日の区別。
問43
Incorrect: The first trial ended after the August 5 meeting.
修正例と理由
The trial ended on August 1; the teachers’ discussion was scheduled for August 5.
終了日と協議予定日を区別。
問44
Incorrect: The project has already proved that science grades improved.
修正例と理由
The school has not measured improvements in science grades.
未測定の効果を断定しない。
長文4の誤文修正4問
問45
Incorrect: The website failed before student registration began.
修正例と理由
Registration opened on September 10, before the website failed on September 12.
登録開始が先、障害が後。
問46
Incorrect: The paper worksheets were handed out after the system was repaired.
修正例と理由
Paper worksheets were distributed on September 13, before the September 20 repair.
紙課題は復旧前の代替策。
問47
Incorrect: Every student had to repeat the paper homework online.
修正例と理由
Students who finished paper tasks did not have to repeat the same tasks online.
免除対象の条件を残す。
問48
Incorrect: The October 1 review has already proved the platform’s success.
修正例と理由
The review is planned for October 1, and no improvement in test results has been proved.
計画と実証済みの結果を区別。
復習でよくある間違い
| 誤解 | 見直し |
|---|---|
| 本文に先に登場したから古い出来事 | 段落の時間表現と過去完了から確認 |
| 登録締切をイベント開催日と混同 | register / depart / return / submitの動詞を別々に管理 |
| 変更された場所をイベント中止と判断 | canceled / moved / insteadの意味を区別 |
| will reviewをreviewedと読む | 予定の段階と終了済みの作業を分離 |
| by Fridayとuntil Fridayが同じ | 期限と継続の終点の違いを確認 |
8日間の復習順
- 1〜4日目：毎日1長文・8問を解き、時系列表を自作。
- 5〜6日目：誤文修正16問を8問ずつ。
- 7日目：誤答となった時間表現・完了表現を英語で音読。
- 8日目：英検2級公式過去問の初見長文で時刻・前後関係を読み分ける。
よくある質問
by the timeとuntilの違いは？
by the timeは「〜する時までに」、untilは「〜する時まで（継続）」という関係を表します。元の動詞と完了・継続の意味を確認してください。
過去完了は過去形より前の出来事という意味ですか？
過去の基準時点より前に完了した出来事を示す典型的な用法があります。ただし文脈によっては継続・経験なども表すため、時制だけで決めず本文全体を読みます。
発表した予定は必ず実施されたと考えてよいですか？
いいえ。plan to / will / considerなどは実施予定・検討段階のことが多く、完了した事実とは区別します。
この48問は英検協会の公式過去問ですか？
いいえ。英検2級の読解技能を練習するために慶英会が制作した独自課題です。
関連する慶英会無料教材
中高一貫校の学校英語と英検2級Readingで時制・出来事の順番を正確に判断したい方は、慶英会の最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご利用ください。
参考にした公式資料
日本英語検定協会｜2級の試験内容、英検2級公式過去問。本記事の長文・時系列表・48課題は慶英会独自制作です。
時系列が読めた後の要約演習：英検2級英文要約で具体例を一般化する独自4長文44課題では、細かな実例を短い表現へまとめながら、実施済みの内容と未測定の結果を区別できます。
日付の前後関係と到着時刻を合わせて練習：英検2級reach・arrive at/in・get toの独自44問で、集合場所・交通案内・到着時刻の読み違いを復習できます。
英検対策を個別に相談したい保護者様へ
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する
今の級から次の級へ進むために、語彙・文法・長文・英作文・面接のどこを優先するか。慶英会では、学年と目標級、受験予定に合わせてオンライン個別指導をご案内しています。
最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご希望の方は、慶英会公式LINEからご連絡ください。LINEでは「学年・現在の英検級・目標級・受験予定時期」を分かる範囲でお送りください。
LINEを開いた後、「無料体験希望（ブログ・英検）」または「学習相談希望（ブログ・英検）」とメッセージをお送りください。ボタンを押すだけでは相談の受付は完了しません。LINEをご利用になれない場合は、メールで学習相談もできます。
指導内容・無料体験の条件を先に確認したい方へ：英検対策の相談を始める前に、慶英会公式サイトで指導内容・料金・無料体験の対象と条件を確認できます。無料体験の回数や受付状況は変わる場合があるため、最新の案内を優先してください。個別の学習相談は上の公式LINEをご利用ください。
受講内容・無料体験の条件と受付状況は無料体験のご案内で確認できます。相談だけでも受け付けています。
最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談受付中
最大1か月の完全無料体験をご案内
学校教材・学力・目標に合わせた個別指導
入塾前に授業の進め方や講師との相性をお確かめください。
学校英語・定期テスト・英検の学習相談にも対応します。
保護者様の教育相談も無料で承ります。
1.学年 2. 学習目標 3.体験ご希望をお送りください。
体験の期間・回数・担当講師・日程は、ご希望と受付状況を確認してご案内します。
慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する