
慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検2級でexplain・describe・illustrate・clarifyをすべて「説明する」と覚えていませんか。これらの意味は重なりますが、explain A to B(人に説明する)、describe A as B(〜と描写する)、illustrate A with B(具体例や図で示す)、clarify whether …(不明確な点をはっきりさせる)という語法が重要です。
慶英会が独自制作した4択20問・同義の書き換え12問・独自4長文の内容一致12問=計44課題を、全解答・日本語要旨・語法の根拠付きで無料公開します。英検公式過去問の転載ではありません。
結論|「誰に・どのように・何を明確にするか」を確認
| 構文 | 意味・使い方 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|
| explain A to B | 内容Aを人Bへ説明する | The guide explained the rules to visitors. |
| explain why / how | 理由・方法を説明する | Please explain why the date changed. |
| describe A as B | AをBと描写・評価する | The report described it as useful. |
| illustrate A with B | 例・図Bを使ってAを示す | The chart illustrates the change. |
| clarify whether / what | 曖昧な点を明確化する | The center clarified whether the fee applied. |
重要:explain me the problemではなく、通常explain the problem to meとします。describeとexplainが重なる文章もありますが、相手・評価・具体例・明確化という目的を区別しましょう。clarifyしたからといってすべての疑問が解消したとは限りません。
英検2級の公式出題形式
英検協会の2級試験内容ではReadingの短文語句空所17問・長文空所6問・内容一致8問などがあります。本教材は慶英会独自の文法・語彙・読解演習です。
第1部|語法4択20問
問1
The teacher will explain the new rules ___ the students after class.
- to
- for
- at
- on
正答と文型の根拠
正答 A(to)。explain A to B=BにAを説明する。explain me the rulesとは通常しない。
問2
The museum guide described the old building ___ a former meeting place.
- for
- as
- with
- to
正答と文型の根拠
正答 B(as)。describe A as B=AをBだと説明する。
問3
The report uses a diagram to ___ how water moves through the tank.
- illustrated
- illustrating
- illustrate
- illustration
正答と文型の根拠
正答 C(illustrate)。to+動詞原形illustrate。図を使って説明する。
問4
Please ___ whether the new registration deadline is Friday or Saturday.
- explanation
- descriptive
- illustration
- clarify
正答と文型の根拠
正答 D(clarify)。clarify whether+節=曖昧な期限を明確にする。
問5
Could you explain ___ the room was changed at the last minute?
- why
- about why to
- for why
- to why
正答と文型の根拠
正答 A(why)。explain why+主語+動詞の間接疑問節。
問6
The science teacher described the results ___ detail in the report.
- at
- in
- to
- for
正答と文型の根拠
正答 B(in)。describe something in detail=詳しく説明する。
問7
The researcher illustrated the point ___ an example from the survey.
- on
- at
- with
- to
正答と文型の根拠
正答 C(with)。illustrate a point with an exampleで具体例により説明。
問8
We need to ___ exactly what the additional fee covers.
- explanation
- description
- illustrative
- clarify
正答と文型の根拠
正答 D(clarify)。clarify exactly what+節=追加料金の対象を明確にする。
問9
Please explain the safety conditions ___ every new volunteer.
- to
- with
- for
- about
正答と文型の根拠
正答 A(to)。explain something to someone。
問10
The guide described the revised exhibition ___ more interactive than the old one.
- in
- as
- with
- for
正答と文型の根拠
正答 B(as)。describe A as+評価。
問11
A simple chart can help ___ the difference between the two samples.
- illustrated
- illustration
- illustrate
- illustratively
正答と文型の根拠
正答 C(illustrate)。help illustrate+目的語。違いを図で示す。
問12
The office should ___ whether a request has actually been approved.
- description
- illustrated
- explanation
- clarify
正答と文型の根拠
正答 D(clarify)。clarify whether+節で承認の有無を明確化。
問13
The librarian gave a clear ___ of how to reserve a book.
- explanation
- explain
- explainingly
- explainedly
正答と文型の根拠
正答 A(explanation)。a clear explanation of+説明内容。
問14
The museum published a detailed ___ of its new exhibition.
- describe
- description
- describedly
- descriptive of
正答と文型の根拠
正答 B(description)。a detailed description=詳しい記述。
問15
The brochure contains several ___ examples of local recycling projects.
- illustrate
- illustration
- illustrative
- illustratively
正答と文型の根拠
正答 C(illustrative)。illustrative examples=説明に役立つ例。
問16
The revised email provided a useful ___ of the cancellation policy.
- describe
- illustrative
- explain
- clarification
正答と文型の根拠
正答 D(clarification)。clarification of=曖昧さを取り除く説明。
問17
The teacher explained ___ the students why the answer was incorrect.
- to
- for
- at
- with
正答と文型の根拠
正答 A(to)。explain to+人+why節。人の前はto。
問18
The researcher described the survey results ___ carefully as possible.
- in
- as
- with
- at
正答と文型の根拠
正答 B(as)。as carefully as possible=できるだけ注意深く。
問19
The model was built to ___ how the bridge could be repaired safely.
- illustrating
- illustration
- illustrate
- illustrative
正答と文型の根拠
正答 C(illustrate)。目的のto不定詞+illustrate。
問20
The school has not yet issued a ___ about which devices are allowed.
- description of as
- explained to
- illustrative with
- clarification
正答と文型の根拠
正答 D(clarification)。issue a clarification about=許可機器についての明確化。
第2部|意味を保つ言い換え12問
正確な内容、説明方法、未確定事項を勝手に断定せずに書き換えてください。
問21
The teacher told the students the reason for the timetable change.
模範答案・根拠
The teacher explained the reason for the timetable change to the students.
説明する相手はtoで導く。
問22
The report said that the building served as a library in the past.
模範答案・根拠
The report described the building as a former library.
説明対象をasで表す。
問23
The map shows a concrete example of the two possible walking routes.
模範答案・根拠
The map illustrates the two possible walking routes.
図解で示すという機能。
問24
The announcement left the refund rule unclear; the office made it clear later.
模範答案・根拠
The office later clarified the refund rule.
曖昧な規則を明確化した。
問25
The teacher helped students understand why the experiment stopped.
模範答案・根拠
The teacher explained why the experiment stopped.
why節の内容を説明。
問26
The guide provided a detailed account of the town’s history.
模範答案・根拠
The guide described the town’s history in detail.
詳述するdescribe A in detail。
問27
The graphs were used to demonstrate the difference in temperatures.
模範答案・根拠
The graphs illustrated the difference in temperatures.
図表で差異を例示。
問28
The center gave more precise information about the deadline.
模範答案・根拠
The center clarified the deadline.
締切をより明確にした。
問29
The staff told visitors how to use the machine.
模範答案・根拠
The staff explained how to use the machine to visitors.
how to doの説明と相手を維持。
問30
The report said that one method was cheaper than the other.
模範答案・根拠
The report described one method as cheaper than the other.
比較評価をasで述べる。
問31
The brochure provided two examples to show the new recycling idea.
模範答案・根拠
The brochure illustrated the recycling idea with two examples.
具体例を使って説明。
問32
The council has not made it clear whether the extra funding was approved.
模範答案・根拠
The council has not clarified whether the extra funding was approved.
未確認を否定形で保持。
第3部|独自4長文・内容一致12問
学校の研究、図書館の予約、博物館の歴史、公園の案内を題材にした慶英会独自の説明文です。
長文1|学校の科学発表と図表の根拠
A school research team prepared a presentation about water use. Students used a chart to illustrate how the amount of water changed over three weeks. Their teacher asked them to explain the measurement method to the audience before giving conclusions. One part of the report described a reading as unusually high, but the students had not checked whether the measuring device was working correctly. The team decided to clarify this limitation in the final presentation instead of presenting the unusual value as proof of a long-term trend.問33|What was the chart used to illustrate?
- Changes in water use over three weeks
- The school lunch menu
- The location of a museum
- The number of bus stops
問34|What did the teacher ask the team to explain?
- The price of the charts
- How the measurements were made
- The history of every school
- The students’ personal addresses
問35|Why did the team clarify a limitation?
- No water was measured
- The chart contained no weeks
- The device had not been checked for accuracy
- The team had already proved a long-term trend
日本語要旨と正答・本文の根拠
学校の研究班は3週間の水使用量変化を図で示した。教員は結論の前に測定方法を説明するよう求めた。異常に高い値があったが機器の状態を未確認だったため、長期傾向の証明とせず限界を明記した。
問33:A(Changes in water use over three weeks)。3週間の変化を図解。
問34:B(How the measurements were made)。measurement methodの説明。
問35:C(The device had not been checked for accuracy)。機器を検証していない。
長文2|図書館の予約手順の説明
A library introduced a new booking system for study rooms. Staff prepared a guide describing the two types of rooms and explaining how to apply. The guide illustrated the process with screenshots. However, some readers still thought that an automatic receipt meant their reservation had been accepted. The library therefore issued a clarification: the receipt only confirms that the request was received, and a separate message is sent after approval. Staff are collecting questions to see whether further explanations are needed.問36|What did the guide explain?
- How to apply for a study room
- How to repair a public road
- How to pay examination fees
- How to plant new trees
問37|How was the process illustrated?
- With an audio concert
- With screenshots
- With a sports event
- With free train tickets
問38|What did the clarification say?
- Every request was automatically approved
- All rooms were closed
- Receipt did not guarantee approval
- Only families could apply
日本語要旨と正答・本文の根拠
図書館の予約ガイドは2室の説明と申請方法を掲載し画面画像で例示。しかし自動受付メールを予約確定と誤解する人がいたため、受信確認と審査後の承認メールは別と明確化した。
問36:A(How to apply for a study room)。application instructions。
問37:B(With screenshots)。screenshots as illustrations。
問38:C(Receipt did not guarantee approval)。receipt and acceptance differ。
長文3|博物館の模型と歴史の説明
A regional museum prepared an exhibition about bridges. One model illustrated how older wooden structures supported weight. A guide described a second bridge as an example of a later steel design. Staff also explained to visitors why the two constructions required different maintenance. Some people asked whether a bridge in a historical photograph had ever been rebuilt. The museum did not have enough evidence to answer, so it clarified that the photograph alone could not confirm the bridge’s full history.問39|What did the wooden model illustrate?
- How an older bridge supported weight
- The cost of all town libraries
- The location of school classes
- A future computer service
問40|How was the second bridge described?
- As a new sports facility
- As a later steel design
- As an unsafe classroom
- As a book collection
問41|What did the museum clarify about the photograph?
- It proved every repair date
- It showed no bridge
- It could not establish the bridge’s complete history alone
- It had been taken during a school exam
日本語要旨と正答・本文の根拠
博物館は木橋模型で重量を支える仕組みを図解し、別の橋を後年の鉄鋼設計の例として説明。2構造の維持管理の違いも紹介したが、写真の橋の改修歴は証拠不足のため確定できないと明示した。
問39:A(How an older bridge supported weight)。木橋の構造を例示。
問40:B(As a later steel design)。described as later steel design。
問41:C(It could not establish the bridge’s complete history alone)。写真のみでは全履歴を特定できない。
長文4|公園のルート変更のお知らせ
A town changed the walking route through one part of a public park. The new notice explained which entrance visitors should use while repairs continued. A small map illustrated the alternative route, and staff described the path as suitable for ordinary walking. However, the town had not completed an accessibility inspection for every part of the path. When residents asked whether the route was wheelchair-accessible throughout, officials clarified that this could not yet be guaranteed and promised to publish the inspection results later.問42|What did the notice explain?
- Which entrance visitors should use during repairs
- How to register for a school examination
- Where to purchase a bicycle
- How to repair a museum model
問43|What did the map illustrate?
- The town’s water bills
- An alternative walking route
- A laboratory experiment
- A survey response rate
問44|What could not yet be guaranteed?
- That ordinary walking was possible
- That repairs continued
- Wheelchair accessibility along the entire route
- That a notice existed
日本語要旨と正答・本文の根拠
公園では修理中の代替ルートを案内し地図で経路を示す。通常歩行に適すると説明したが、全区間のアクセシビリティ点検は未了。車椅子で全区間利用できることは保証されないと明確にした。
問42:A(Which entrance visitors should use during repairs)。入口の案内。
問43:B(An alternative walking route)。代替ルートを図示。
問44:C(Wheelchair accessibility along the entire route)。全区間の点検が未完了。
よくある誤り
| 誤り | 修正 |
|---|---|
| The guide explained me the rule. | The guide explained the rule to me. |
| The report described the building like a library. | The report described the building as a former library. |
| The teacher illustrated to us with a chart the data. | The teacher illustrated the data with a chart. |
| 理由の説明があれば原因は必ず証明済み | 説明した内容と証拠が十分かを分ける |
7日間の復習
- 1〜2日目:4択20問を10問ずつ。
- 3〜4日目:書き換え12問を6問ずつ。
- 5〜6日目:独自4長文の内容一致12問。
- 7日目:英検公式過去問で説明方法と未確認事項を整理する。
よくある質問
explain meは正しいですか?
通常はexplain the rule to meのように説明内容を先に置きます。
describe A as Bとは何ですか?
対象を特定の状態や性質として描写する表現です。
illustrateは図を書く意味だけですか?
図・例・具体的な状況などで物事を分かりやすく示す意味があります。
clarifyとconfirmの違いは何ですか?
clarifyは不明確な点を説明して明らかにすること、confirmは日付・事実などを確認することに重点があります。
公式過去問ですか?
いいえ。慶英会独自の44課題です。
関連教材
中高一貫校の学校英語と英検2級Reading・Writingを個別に学びたい方には慶英会の最大1か月完全無料体験・学習相談をご案内します。
参考情報
日本英語検定協会|2級試験内容。本教材の英文・問題・全解答は慶英会の独自制作です。
説明の正確さに加え、情報の十分性を検討:suitable・appropriate・adequate・sufficientの独自44問では、図表や調査の説明が結論に十分かどうかを確認できます。
説明内容をdescribe・clarifyしたら評価と取り扱いも整理:consider・regard・treat・recognizeの独自44問で、「検討中」と「承認済み」を分けて読む訓練ができます。
英検対策を個別に相談したい保護者様へ

慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する
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慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する
