
慶英会 塾長|慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
英検2級の長文でanalyze・evaluate・assess・reviewをすべて「調べる」「評価する」と訳すと、作業の段階を取り違えます。analyzeはデータや要素を分析する、assessは危険度や必要性などを見積もり判断する、evaluateは価値・効果・成果を評価する、reviewは情報・規則・計画を再検討するという使い方が典型です。意味が重なる場面もありますが、「何を対象に、何のために行ったのか」で読むと自然です。
慶英会の独自教材として4長文40問・全正答根拠・全文和訳を無料公開します。温室の温度記録、図書館の音声ガイド、通学路の安全、文化センターの字幕導入を題材に、長文内容一致に必要な「事実・評価・検討中の決定」を分ける練習です。団体・データ・会場は学習用の架空設定です。英検の過去問の転載ではありません。
analyze・assess・evaluate・reviewの違いと英文例
| 語 | 典型的な焦点 | オリジナル例文 |
|---|---|---|
| analyze | データ・原因・仕組みを分解し詳しく分析 | Researchers analyzed the survey results. |
| assess | 危険度・必要性・状況・能力などを評価・見積もる | The school assessed the risk of overheating. |
| evaluate | 方法や事業の効果・成果・価値を検討し判定 | The team evaluated the new service after a trial. |
| review | 既存の情報・制度・計画を見直し、再検討 | The committee will review its policy next month. |
注意:assessとevaluateは同じ場面で使えることがあります。たとえばassess performanceとevaluate performanceはどちらも自然です。「assessは絶対に効果を測れない」などと暗記せず、文章の中でどの手続きが済み、何が未決定なのかを確かめましょう。
英検協会の2級試験内容では、長文内容一致は8問、短文語句空所は17問、長文語句空所は6問です。本記事の40問は追加演習として設計したものであり、本番の設問数を意味しません。
長文1|学校の温室|温度データの分析・リスク評価・効果検証
科学レポート。読む前に「記録した数値」「評価した対象」「未承認の予定」の3つへ印を付ける準備をしましょう。
TESTING A GREENHOUSE FAN A school’s science club wanted to keep its small greenhouse cooler during hot weather. First, the members analyzed temperature records collected every afternoon for four weeks. They found that the temperature had risen above 35 degrees Celsius on 18 afternoons. The figures described the problem but did not by themselves explain its cause. Next, the club assessed the risk that young plants would be damaged by high temperatures. Students considered the age of the plants, the amount of shade, and how long the heat lasted. They decided to test a low-energy fan rather than buy a large cooling system immediately. During a second four-week period, the temperature exceeded 35 degrees on six afternoons. The club evaluated the fan’s performance by comparing the records and checking the electricity cost. However, the second period was also cooler outdoors. For that reason, the students could not conclude that the fan alone caused the entire reduction. At the end of term, the teacher will review the greenhouse safety rules with the students and decide whether the fan should be used next summer. The decision has not yet been made.
独自内容一致10問
問1|What data did the science club analyze first?
- Electricity bills from last year.
- Daily lunch orders.
- Four weeks of afternoon temperature records.
- Surveys from neighboring schools.
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:Four weeks of afternoon temperature records.
analyzed temperature records collected every afternoon for four weeks。
問2|How many afternoons exceeded 35°C in the first period?
- 18
- 6
- 24
- 35
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:18
temperature had risen above 35 degrees on 18 afternoons。
問3|What did the initial records NOT establish by themselves?
- That temperatures were measured.
- That some afternoons were hot.
- That the greenhouse existed.
- The exact cause of the high temperatures.
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:The exact cause of the high temperatures.
figures described the problem but did not … explain its cause。
問4|What did students assess before testing the fan?
- The price of nearby houses.
- The risk of heat damage to young plants.
- The school’s language program.
- The weather in a different country.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:The risk of heat damage to young plants.
assessed the risk that young plants would be damaged。
問5|What equipment did the club decide to test first?
- A low-energy fan.
- A large cooling system.
- A new automatic irrigation system.
- A solar-powered school bus.
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:A low-energy fan.
test a low-energy fan rather than buy a large cooling system。
問6|How many afternoons exceeded 35°C during the second period?
- 18
- 12
- 6
- 35
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:6
temperature exceeded 35 degrees on six afternoons。
問7|How did the club evaluate the fan?
- Only by interviewing one teacher.
- By checking a newspaper advertisement.
- By comparing school grades.
- By comparing temperatures and electricity cost.
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:By comparing temperatures and electricity cost.
evaluated … comparing the records and checking electricity cost。
問8|Why could the club not attribute the entire reduction to the fan?
- The temperature records were lost.
- Outdoor weather was also cooler in the second period.
- The fan was never installed.
- The greenhouse had no plants.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:Outdoor weather was also cooler in the second period.
second period was also cooler outdoors。
問9|What will the teacher and students review?
- Greenhouse safety rules.
- The cafeteria menu.
- Volunteer registration forms.
- Public transport tickets.
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:Greenhouse safety rules.
review the greenhouse safety rules。
問10|Has the decision about using the fan next summer been made?
- Yes, it is compulsory.
- Yes, it has been rejected.
- No, the decision is still pending.
- No, because the fan was stolen.
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:No, the decision is still pending.
decision has not yet been made。
長文1の全文和訳
温室用送風機を試す。学校の科学部は暑い時期の温室を涼しくするため、まず4週間の毎午後の温度記録を分析しました。35度超の日は18回あり、数値は問題を示すものの原因の証明ではありません。次に生徒たちは植物の年齢・日陰・高温の継続時間を考えて苗への被害リスクを評価し、大型冷却機器をすぐ買わず低消費電力の送風機を試しました。次の4週間では35度超が6回に減り、部員は温度記録と電気代を比較して送風機の働きを評価しました。ただし屋外も以前より涼しかったため、減少のすべてが送風機だけのおかげだとは断定できません。学期末に教員と生徒が温室安全規則を見直し、翌夏も送風機を使うか判断しますが、まだ決定していません。
長文2|公共図書館の音声ガイド|利用状況とアクセシビリティ
図書館報告。読む前に「記録した数値」「評価した対象」「未承認の予定」の3つへ印を付ける準備をしましょう。
A NEW AUDIO GUIDE AT THE LIBRARY A public library introduced a free audio guide for visitors who find long printed instructions difficult to read. After the first month, staff analyzed the guide’s usage records. The system had been opened 240 times, but the records did not show whether 240 different people used it. Some visitors could have opened it more than once. The library then assessed accessibility by asking visitors with different needs to try the guide. Participants checked whether the speech was clear, the controls were easy to use, and information was available without looking at a screen. The staff also discovered that the guide could not be used on two older tablets. To evaluate the guide’s usefulness, the library interviewed 60 volunteers. Forty-five reported that it helped them find the correct rooms, although this group was not a random sample of all library visitors. The library plans to review its instructions and provide a short printed map alongside the audio guide. The library director is considering expanding the service to another branch, but funding has not been approved. The positive feedback supports further testing; it is not confirmation that every visitor will benefit equally.
独自内容一致10問
問11|Why did the library introduce an audio guide?
- To replace every printed book.
- To help visitors who struggle with long printed instructions.
- To prevent visitors from borrowing books.
- To charge for room reservations.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:To help visitors who struggle with long printed instructions.
for visitors who find long printed instructions difficult to read。
問12|How many times was the guide opened in its first month?
- 60
- 45
- Two
- 240
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:240
system had been opened 240 times。
問13|Why can staff not say that 240 different people used it?
- The same person may have opened it repeatedly.
- Only 45 visitors entered the library.
- The guide was available only once.
- The records show no openings.
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:The same person may have opened it repeatedly.
some visitors could have opened it more than once。
問14|What was assessed during accessibility testing?
- The number of rented bicycles.
- The price of library books.
- Sound clarity, controls, and use without a screen.
- Only the library’s opening hours.
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:Sound clarity, controls, and use without a screen.
clear speech, easy controls, information without looking at a screen。
問15|What technical problem was found?
- Every phone lost all its data.
- The guide did not work on two older tablets.
- The library had no internet connection at all.
- Visitors could not enter the building.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:The guide did not work on two older tablets.
could not be used on two older tablets。
問16|How many volunteers were interviewed to evaluate usefulness?
- 240
- Two
- 45
- 60
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:60
interviewed 60 volunteers。
問17|How many interviewed volunteers said the guide helped them?
- 45
- 60
- 240
- 15
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:45
Forty-five reported that it helped。
問18|Why should the interview result not be generalized to all visitors?
- The sample included every person who visited.
- The audio guide used only printed maps.
- The volunteers were not a random sample of all visitors.
- The answers were all negative.
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:The volunteers were not a random sample of all visitors.
not a random sample of all library visitors。
問19|What does the library plan to review?
- The town bus route.
- Instructions for using the guide.
- The school science curriculum.
- The number of staff cars.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:Instructions for using the guide.
plans to review its instructions。
問20|What remains undecided about another branch?
- Whether rooms have names.
- Whether the first library exists.
- Whether printed books can be borrowed.
- Approval of funding for expansion.
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:Approval of funding for expansion.
funding has not been approved。
長文2の全文和訳
図書館の新しい音声ガイド。長い印刷案内を読むのが難しい来館者のため、公共図書館は無料音声ガイドを導入しました。初月の利用記録を分析すると起動回数は240回でしたが、同じ人が複数回開いた可能性があり利用者240人を意味しません。図書館は異なる利用上の困難を抱える人に試してもらい、音の明瞭さ、操作性、画面を見ずに利用できるかを確認してアクセシビリティを評価しました。古いタブレット2台で使えないことも判明しました。使いやすさを評価するため60人の協力者に面接を行い、45人が部屋探しに役立つと回答しました。ただしこれは全来館者の無作為標本ではありません。図書館は説明を見直し、音声に加えて簡単な印刷地図を提供する予定です。他館への拡大も検討中ですが予算承認は未了で、好意的評価が全員への同等の効果を保証するわけではありません。
長文3|通学路の安全対策|交通量分析と試験導入の評価
学校・地域報告。読む前に「記録した数値」「評価した対象」「未承認の予定」の3つへ印を付ける準備をしましょう。
MAKING THE ROAD TO SCHOOL SAFER Parents were worried about a narrow road near a school gate. A student committee began by analyzing traffic counts recorded during ten school mornings. It found that an average of 140 vehicles passed the gate between 7:30 and 8:00 a.m. The committee did not treat this average as the count for every morning. The school assessed the risk to children by considering vehicle speed, pavement width, and the places where students crossed. It invited local residents to describe situations that made walking difficult. To test an improvement, the town placed temporary signs and asked drivers to use a lower speed for six weeks. At the end of the trial, observers evaluated the changes by measuring traffic speed and checking how frequently cars stopped at the crossing. The average speed was lower than before, but the number of cars that stopped did not increase on every day. The observers recommended more testing rather than claiming that the problem had been completely solved. The school board will review the trial report next month. If the board agrees and the town provides funding, permanent signs may be installed. No final decision has been announced.
独自内容一致10問
問21|What records did the student committee analyze?
- Ten school mornings of traffic counts.
- The annual cost of printed textbooks.
- Bus passenger interviews from another country.
- A survey of library volunteers.
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:Ten school mornings of traffic counts.
traffic counts recorded during ten school mornings。
問22|What was the average number of vehicles during the stated half hour?
- Ten
- Six
- 140
- 280
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:140
average of 140 vehicles between 7:30 and 8:00。
問23|Does the average mean that exactly 140 cars passed every morning?
- Yes, every morning had the same result.
- Yes, because ten days were recorded.
- Yes, because the figures came from a committee.
- No, an average does not prove each day’s count.
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:No, an average does not prove each day’s count.
did not treat this average as the count for every morning。
問24|Which factors were considered when assessing risk?
- Rainfall in distant mountains only.
- Speed, pavement width, and crossing places.
- School lunch prices only.
- The age of library computers.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:Speed, pavement width, and crossing places.
vehicle speed, pavement width, and places where students crossed。
問25|How long did the town’s trial last?
- Six weeks.
- Ten years.
- One day.
- Two months.
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:Six weeks.
for six weeks。
問26|What did the town use as a temporary measure?
- New permanent bridges.
- More student parking spaces.
- Temporary signs and requests for lower speed.
- A complete ban on school attendance.
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:Temporary signs and requests for lower speed.
placed temporary signs and asked drivers to use a lower speed。
問27|What was evaluated after the trial?
- Only the number of registered students.
- Only the width of every building.
- The price of road signs.
- Vehicle speed and stopping frequency at the crossing.
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:Vehicle speed and stopping frequency at the crossing.
measuring traffic speed and checking how frequently cars stopped。
問28|Which finding was reported?
- The average speed increased sharply.
- Average speed fell, but stopping did not increase every day.
- Every vehicle stopped on every day.
- The road was permanently closed.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:Average speed fell, but stopping did not increase every day.
average speed lower; stopping did not increase on every day。
問29|What did observers recommend?
- Further testing rather than declaring the problem solved.
- Immediate removal of all pedestrian crossings.
- Ignoring the speed measurements.
- A permanent ban on local residents.
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:Further testing rather than declaring the problem solved.
recommended more testing rather than claiming … completely solved。
問30|What must happen before permanent signs may be installed?
- Only the end of the school term.
- Only the completion of another survey.
- Board agreement and town funding.
- A change in the average rainfall.
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:Board agreement and town funding.
If the board agrees and the town provides funding。
長文3の全文和訳
通学路の安全性向上。学校の門の近くの狭い道路を心配した保護者を受け、生徒委員会は登校日の朝10日間の交通量を分析しました。午前7時30分から8時の通行車両は平均140台でしたが、毎日140台だったわけではありません。学校は車速・歩道幅・横断位置を考え、通学する子供の危険性を評価しました。地域住民からも歩きにくい状況を聞き、町は6週間の試験として仮設標識を置き、運転者へ減速を求めました。試験後、観測者は車速と横断地点で停止した車の頻度を測って効果を評価しました。平均速度は下がりましたが、停止車両数は毎日増えたわけではなく、解決と断定せず追加検証を提案しました。学校委員会は来月報告を見直します。委員会の同意と町の予算があれば常設標識が設置される可能性がありますが、決定はまだです。
長文4|地域文化センターの字幕導入|費用分析と効果評価
事業報告。読む前に「記録した数値」「評価した対象」「未承認の予定」の3つへ印を付ける準備をしましょう。
CAPTIONS FOR COMMUNITY WORKSHOPS A community arts center holds short talks about local history. Staff analyzed the costs and attendance records for six workshops. The records showed that evening sessions attracted more visitors on average, but staffing was also more expensive in the evening. This helped organizers understand the trade-off between attendance and costs. The center assessed visitors’ needs by speaking with people who had difficulty hearing the talks. Some requested live captions, while others preferred written summaries they could read later. Because the needs were different, the team decided not to assume that one method would help everyone. For a three-week trial, the center provided live captions during two talks each week. Staff evaluated the trial using feedback forms and checks of caption accuracy. Most respondents said the captions made the talks easier to follow. However, the system sometimes displayed historical place names incorrectly, so staff would need to review its vocabulary before wider use. The center’s management will review the budget next month. It may continue the caption service if staff training and operating costs can be covered. The trial has ended, but no final decision on permanent use has been made.
独自内容一致10問
問31|What did staff analyze for six workshops?
- Only the weather on the day of each talk.
- Only ticket design.
- Only audio equipment colors.
- Costs and attendance records.
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:Costs and attendance records.
analyzed the costs and attendance records for six workshops。
問32|How did evening sessions compare?
- They always had fewer visitors and lower costs.
- They attracted more visitors on average but cost more to staff.
- They were canceled every week.
- They had exactly the same attendance as daytime sessions.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:They attracted more visitors on average but cost more to staff.
evening sessions attracted more visitors on average, but staffing more expensive。
問33|How did the center assess visitors’ needs?
- By speaking with people who found the talks hard to hear.
- By asking only the workshop leaders.
- By reading traffic reports.
- By comparing school exam scores.
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:By speaking with people who found the talks hard to hear.
speaking with people who had difficulty hearing the talks。
問34|What different forms of help were requested?
- Longer buses and cheaper meals.
- Water storage tanks and new roads.
- Live captions and later written summaries.
- New sports equipment and safety helmets.
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:Live captions and later written summaries.
Some requested live captions, others preferred written summaries。
問35|How many talks had live captions each week during the trial?
- Three
- Six
- One
- Two
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:Two
two talks each week。
問36|How long was the caption trial?
- One day.
- Three weeks.
- Six months.
- One year.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:Three weeks.
For a three-week trial。
問37|What evidence was used to evaluate the captions?
- Feedback forms and checks of accuracy.
- Only a manager’s personal opinion.
- Only the number of chairs.
- The library’s book returns.
正答・本文根拠
正答 A:Feedback forms and checks of accuracy.
using feedback forms and checks of caption accuracy。
問38|What problem was found in the caption system?
- It could not show any English words.
- It caused the talks to end immediately.
- It sometimes displayed historical place names incorrectly.
- It deleted all feedback forms.
正答・本文根拠
正答 C:It sometimes displayed historical place names incorrectly.
sometimes displayed historical place names incorrectly。
問39|What needs reviewing before wider use?
- The timetable of the town’s buses.
- The number of school exam questions.
- The names of local restaurants.
- The system’s vocabulary for historical names.
正答・本文根拠
正答 D:The system’s vocabulary for historical names.
review its vocabulary before wider use。
問40|Which statement about the service’s future is accurate?
- Permanent use is already guaranteed.
- Continuing depends partly on training and operating costs, with no final decision.
- The trial was never conducted.
- Every visitor rejected the captions.
正答・本文根拠
正答 B:Continuing depends partly on training and operating costs, with no final decision.
may continue … if costs covered / no final decision。
長文4の全文和訳
地域文化センターの字幕導入。地域史について短い講話を開く文化センターでは、職員が6回分の講座の費用と参加人数を分析しました。夜の講座は平均参加者が多い一方、夜間の人件費も高いと分かり、参加数と費用の兼ね合いを把握しました。センターは聞き取りが難しい来場者から要望を聞いて必要な支援を評価しました。リアルタイム字幕を希望する人もいれば、後で読める書面要約を望む人もおり、全員に同じ方法が適切と決めつけませんでした。3週間、週2回の講話で字幕を試し、アンケートと字幕精度の確認から効果を評価しました。回答者の多くは講話を理解しやすくなったと答えましたが、歴史地名の表示を間違えることがあり、拡大前に語彙の見直しが必要です。運営側は来月予算を見直し、研修費・運用費を賄えれば継続を検討します。試験運用は終わりましたが常設化は未決定です。
全40問の正答一覧
長文1(問1〜10):1C/2A/3D/4B/5A/6C/7D/8B/9A/10C
長文2(問11〜20):11B/12D/13A/14C/15B/16D/17A/18C/19B/20D
長文3(問21〜30):21A/22C/23D/24B/25A/26C/27D/28B/29A/30C
長文4(問31〜40):31D/32B/33A/34C/35D/36B/37A/38C/39D/40B
3段階で復習|「分析した」「判断した」「まだ決めていない」
STEP1|分析した事実:温室の18回と6回、図書館の起動240回と協力者60人などの数値を原文で確認します。平均値と個別記録、回数と人数を混同しないでください。
STEP2|評価・判断:どのデータを使って何を判断したか一文で説明します。たとえば、温室の送風機を評価するには室温だけでなく屋外気温も考慮し、図書館の音声ガイドは起動回数だけでなく使いやすさも確かめています。
STEP3|決定していない事項:may、if、considering、will review、not approved、no final decisionなどを探し、正式決定と区別します。翌日には誤答だけを解き直し、7日後に英文を読み直して同じ根拠を説明できるか確認しましょう。
FAQ
assessとevaluateは同じですか?
どちらも評価を表し、重なる場面があります。assessは危険性・能力・必要量などの判断に、evaluateは事業・方法・成果などの価値や有効性の判定に使うことが多いですが、文章の目的を優先します。
reviewはいつも「書評」という意味ですか?
いいえ。review a policyなら規則を見直す、review the resultsなら結果を再検討する意味です。名詞のreviewには書評・レビューの意味もあります。
analyzeしたら結論は必ず正しいですか?
いいえ。分析が詳しくても標本の偏り、計測条件の違い、未確認の要因などで結論の強さは制約されます。本文が示した事実以上の断定を選択肢から読み込まないことが重要です。
この40問だけで英検2級のReadingをすべて練習できますか?
本記事は分析・評価の表現と根拠確認に特化した演習です。短文・長文空所補充、別題材の内容一致、Writing、Listeningも併せて練習してください。
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