慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級
中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門とするオンライン個別指導塾です。塾長紹介
結論：英検1級のWHO公衆衛生統計では、「推計1,070万人」と「診断・報告830万人」の違いを正確に読み取る必要があります。WHOの2025年版世界結核報告におけるこれらの数字は、主に2024年の推計と報告状況を表します。差を「全員が未診断」と言い切るのは不正確で、公式に報告されなかった可能性も含みます。慶英会では、英検1級の長文・英文要約・意見論述・面接で誤読を避ける独自24の修正例・4択12問・全解答を無料公開します。
公式参考：WHO｜Global Tuberculosis Report 2025、WHO｜Top Findings。WHOは世界的な患者推計・診断・報告と、各国のデータを扱います。約1,070万人と約830万人は概数です。記事は慶英会オリジナルの英語読解教材で、個人の診断・医療判断や治療手順ではありません。英検協会の1級出題形式も確認してください。
最初に押さえるWHOの5つの指標
| 指標 | 英語での考え方 |
|---|---|
| estimated incidence | その年に新たに発症した人の推計 |
| newly diagnosed cases | 新しく診断された人の数 |
| notified cases | 公式の報告制度に載った症例 |
| reporting gap | 推計と報告の差。未診断だけでなく未報告もあり得る |
| publication year / observation year | 報告発行年と統計対象年を区別する |
独自24例｜誤った英語の因果・数量表現を修正
推計と報告の違い｜6例
修正1
修正前：The WHO estimated 10.7 million new TB cases in 2024, so 10.7 million were officially reported.
修正後：WHO estimated about 10.7 million people developed TB in 2024; the number newly diagnosed and reported was about 8.3 million.
理由：推計発生人数と報告人数を区別。
修正2
修正前：The gap between estimated and reported cases consists entirely of people who never saw a doctor.
修正後：The gap may include people who were not diagnosed as well as people whose diagnosis was not officially reported.
理由：未診断と公式未報告は別。
修正3
修正前：If notifications rise, disease incidence must have increased.
修正後：Higher notifications may partly reflect better access to diagnosis or more complete reporting.
理由：報告件数と発生状況の因果を区別。
修正4
修正前：If notifications fall, fewer people must be ill.
修正後：Lower notifications do not by themselves establish lower incidence if reporting or access has changed.
理由：報告の減少だけから疾病減少を断定しない。
修正5
修正前：An estimated figure is identical to a complete list of known patients.
修正後：An estimated disease burden is a statistical assessment, not necessarily a registry of all individuals.
理由：推計と完全な名簿は異なる。
修正6
修正前：Every difference between two estimates must be a laboratory error.
修正後：Differences between estimates can reflect methods, data revisions and uncertainty.
理由：推計方法や更新を考慮。
報告年・統計対象年・分母｜6例
修正7
修正前：The WHO report issued in 2025 describes only events occurring in 2025.
修正後：The WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2025 includes estimates and notifications for 2024.
理由：刊行年と対象年を分ける。
修正8
修正前：10.7 million and 8.3 million measure exactly the same category.
修正後：The figures refer to estimated illness and newly diagnosed cases officially reported, respectively.
理由：分母と計数方法を守る。
修正9
修正前：The WHO’s global notification ratio can be applied to each clinic without adjustment.
修正後：A global ratio should not be applied mechanically to individual facilities serving different populations.
理由：世界の指標と施設の指標を混同しない。
修正10
修正前：The 2025 report’s estimates can always be compared directly with old editions.
修正後：WHO cautions that time-series estimates in the latest report should be used for appropriate comparisons.
理由：推計改訂のため報告書間の単純比較には限界。
修正11
修正前：A figure rounded to millions is an exact head count.
修正後：Rounded estimates should be reported as approximate values rather than exact individual counts.
理由：概数を精密な人数と誤認しない。
修正12
修正前：A global estimate describes every country’s exact circumstances.
修正後：Global statistics summarize multiple populations and may conceal country differences.
理由：集計値の対象範囲を確認。
医療へのアクセスとデータの質｜6例
修正13
修正前：Building a laboratory guarantees that every patient can use it.
修正後：Diagnostic infrastructure can help, but transport, appointment availability and practical access also matter.
理由：施設の設置と利用可能性は異なる。
修正14
修正前：A training session proves the quality of care improved.
修正後：Training is an activity indicator; care quality needs suitable independent evaluation.
理由：活動量と結果を区別する。
修正15
修正前：More forms guarantee complete reporting.
修正後：A larger number of forms does not prove that relevant information is accurate and complete.
理由：書類の数とデータ品質は別。
修正16
修正前：People living far from a clinic cannot be affected by service design.
修正後：Distance, transportation and appointment arrangements can influence access to suitable services.
理由：移動など実務面の制約。
修正17
修正前：A new digital reporting tool removes every data problem.
修正後：Digital systems may improve reporting, but definitions, use and data quality still need review.
理由：新技術が完全な解決を保証しない。
修正18
修正前：A missed official notification proves no care was provided.
修正後：Some people may receive care without appearing in the relevant official notification records.
理由：記録の欠落と医療行為の有無は別。
科学的な説明・政策評価｜6例
修正19
修正前：The existence of an unmet need proves one proposed policy will solve it.
修正後：A recognized gap does not automatically establish the effectiveness of any single intervention.
理由：課題の存在と対策の成果を分ける。
修正20
修正前：Better access to testing will necessarily raise incidence.
修正後：Improved access may raise detected and reported cases without necessarily increasing actual incidence.
理由：観測の増加と発症の増加を区別。
修正21
修正前：Numbers alone show why every patient was not reported.
修正後：Aggregate figures cannot determine the circumstances of each person who was missed.
理由：集計値から個別事情を断定しない。
修正22
修正前：A small regional project can be judged only through the global average.
修正後：Local evaluation requires relevant populations, service conditions and suitable data.
理由：地域の政策に適切な尺度を使う。
修正23
修正前：A report’s uncertainty means all evidence should be ignored.
修正後：Uncertainty should be communicated and considered, not used as a reason to dismiss evidence.
理由：不確実性を無価値としない。
修正24
修正前：Public trust requires that officials promise perfect diagnosis and reporting.
修正後：Responsible communication explains available evidence, its limits and plans for practical improvement.
理由：非現実的な保証を避ける。
独自4択12問｜WHO統計の根拠を正確に読む
Question 1
What did WHO estimate for the number developing TB in 2024?
- (A) About 10.7 million
- (B) About 8.3 million, which was the only burden estimate
- (C) Exactly 1 million
- (D) No new cases
Question 2
What does the figure of about 8.3 million describe?
- (A) Estimated total number of people who fell ill
- (B) People newly diagnosed with TB and officially reported during 2024
- (C) All people with latent infection
- (D) All TB-related deaths
Question 3
What is included in the gap between estimated and notified cases?
- (A) Only people who definitely refused tests
- (B) Only people who were cured
- (C) Possibly undiagnosed or unreported cases
- (D) Only people living outside every WHO member country
Question 4
If official notifications increase, what conclusion is justified?
- (A) Incidence certainly doubled
- (B) The reporting system is necessarily fraudulent
- (C) No testing took place
- (D) Improved case detection or reporting may partly explain the change
Question 5
Which year is the report’s edition year?
- (A) 2025
- (B) 2024, without any 2025 publication
- (C) 2030
- (D) 2015
Question 6
Why does the observation year matter?
- (A) It determines the font used
- (B) A 2025 report may summarize events and data collected in 2024
- (C) All data are future forecasts
- (D) Every estimate is permanent
Question 7
What does a global incidence estimate represent?
- (A) The exact history of every individual patient
- (B) A list of all confirmed cases
- (C) A statistical estimate across relevant populations
- (D) A guarantee of clinic-level counts
Question 8
Why should older WHO report editions not be compared mechanically?
- (A) All reports are fiction
- (B) They use identical numbers forever
- (C) Time has no meaning
- (D) Estimates and methods may be revised, making the latest time series more appropriate
Question 9
What may prevent people from obtaining diagnostic services?
- (A) Travel and service-access barriers
- (B) The mere publication of a statistical report
- (C) The existence of a population estimate
- (D) A rise in the number of report pages
Question 10
Why is training attendance a limited programme metric?
- (A) No one can attend training
- (B) It does not establish that service outcomes improved
- (C) Attendance is always anonymous
- (D) It measures global incidence exactly
Question 11
Which approach best supports responsible public interpretation?
- (A) Treat every rounded estimate as exact
- (B) Claim every gap is undiagnosed patients
- (C) Clarify definitions, periods, uncertainty and reporting processes
- (D) Ignore all scientific evidence
Question 12
How should a district review a reporting initiative?
- (A) Only by counting promotional messages
- (B) Only by looking at national averages
- (C) By assuming success after installation
- (D) By evaluating access, reporting completeness and suitable outcomes together
全12問の解答・解説
Question 1｜正解（A）About 10.7 million。2025年報告の2024年疾病推計約1,070万人。
Question 2｜正解（B）People newly diagnosed with TB and officially reported during 2024。診断され公式に報告された数。
Question 3｜正解（C）Possibly undiagnosed or unreported cases。未診断・未報告の両方の可能性。
Question 4｜正解（D）Improved case detection or reporting may partly explain the change。通知件数の増加を発症増加と直結しない。
Question 5｜正解（A）2025。版の年は2025。
Question 6｜正解（B）A 2025 report may summarize events and data collected in 2024。発行時点とデータ対象年を区別する。
Question 7｜正解（C）A statistical estimate across relevant populations。集計・推計の限界を確認。
Question 8｜正解（D）Estimates and methods may be revised, making the latest time series more appropriate。WHOは最新版の時系列利用を案内。
Question 9｜正解（A）Travel and service-access barriers。交通・予約などアクセスの問題。
Question 10｜正解（B）It does not establish that service outcomes improved。アウトプットと実際の成果の違い。
Question 11｜正解（C）Clarify definitions, periods, uncertainty and reporting processes。分母・時期・不確実性の明示。
Question 12｜正解（D）By evaluating access, reporting completeness and suitable outcomes together。対象地域とサービスの実態を評価。
重要語彙20表現｜原文に近い英語例文つき
| 英語 | 意味 | 独自例文 |
|---|---|---|
| estimated incidence | 推計された発生数 | Estimated incidence and notifications are not identical. |
| case notification | 患者の公式報告 | Notification requires an appropriate reporting process. |
| diagnostic access | 診断へのアクセス | Diagnostic access may vary across communities. |
| underreporting | 報告漏れ | Underreporting can affect the number of notified cases. |
| underdiagnosis | 診断が行われないこと | Underdiagnosis and underreporting are different problems. |
| reporting gap | 推計と報告の差 | The reporting gap needs careful interpretation. |
| annual estimate | 年間推計 | The annual estimate is approximate. |
| case definition | 症例の定義 | The case definition should be made clear. |
| data completeness | データの完全性 | Data completeness affects public-health information. |
| incidence trend | 発生率の傾向 | The incidence trend needs comparable observations. |
| public-health reporting | 公衆衛生の報告 | Public-health reporting supports planning. |
| clinical diagnosis | 医療上の診断 | Clinical diagnosis requires qualified professionals. |
| professional assessment | 専門的な評価 | Professional assessment is outside this English exercise. |
| reporting quality | 報告の質 | Reporting quality matters as much as form counts. |
| measurement uncertainty | 測定上の不確実性 | Uncertainty should be communicated. |
| population coverage | 人口の対象範囲 | Population coverage differs across studies. |
| service barrier | サービス利用の障壁 | Travel time can be a service barrier. |
| health-system capacity | 保健医療体制の能力 | Capacity influences access and reporting. |
| case detection | 症例の発見 | Improved detection may increase notifications. |
| responsible interpretation | 責任ある解釈 | Responsible interpretation avoids unjustified claims. |
二次面接・意見論述へ転用する独自8問
Interview Q1
Question: Can increased reporting mean disease is spreading?
Model answer: Not necessarily. It may also reflect better access to diagnosis and more complete records.
Interview Q2
Question: Why should governments invest in public-health data?
Model answer: Reliable reporting can help officials identify service gaps and plan appropriate support.
Interview Q3
Question: Does an estimated case count list every patient?
Model answer: No. An estimate summarizes the burden using data and methods, rather than necessarily naming every individual.
Interview Q4
Question: Why are the 2024 and 2025 dates different?
Model answer: The report was published in 2025 and presents figures concerning 2024.
Interview Q5
Question: Is a reporting gap entirely undiagnosed patients?
Model answer: No. Some cases may have been diagnosed but not officially reported.
Interview Q6
Question: Would more laboratories solve every problem?
Model answer: No. Transport, appointments, data quality and practical access also matter.
Interview Q7
Question: How can a report be misleading?
Model answer: It may omit denominators, time periods or uncertainty, encouraging conclusions beyond the evidence.
Interview Q8
Question: What should responsible policy evaluation consider?
Model answer: Access to services, reporting completeness and relevant outcomes alongside estimated burden.
7日間の学習手順
- 1日目：WHO2025の統計対象年と数値の定義を照合。
- 2日目：修正1〜6で推計・診断・通知を区別。
- 3日目：修正7〜12で統計年・分母・推計の限界を学ぶ。
- 4日目：修正13〜18でサービスへのアクセスと報告の質を説明。
- 5日目：修正19〜24で因果と政策評価の飛躍を修正。
- 6日目：4択12問の全選択肢を検証し、面接8問にも答える。
- 7日目：英検協会の未使用公式長文に因果の精密な読解を応用。
FAQ
2025年のWHO報告は2025年の結核患者数だけを示すのですか？
いいえ。2025年発行の報告で、2024年に関する推計・報告などが掲載されています。
患者数の差は全員が診断されていないという意味ですか？
そうとは限りません。未診断の人に加え、公式報告されていない人が含まれる可能性があります。
この教材で感染症の医学的判断ができますか？
できません。WHOの公開統計を英語で正確に読むための教材です。個人の健康上の問題は医療専門家に相談してください。
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慶英会 塾長｜慶應義塾大学卒・英検1級。中高一貫校の学校英語・NEW TREASURE・英検対策を専門としています。塾長の経歴・指導方針を確認する