英検1級の英文要約では、原文の具体例をそのまま並べると語数が足りなくなります。そこで、複数の具体例を一つの上位概念へまとめる「抽象化」が役立ちます。本記事では、固有名詞・個別事例・具体的な行動を一般化し、短い要約へ変換する独自30問を掲載します。
抽象化の基本
- Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya → major Japanese cities
- buses, trains, subways → public transportation
- online forms, digital IDs, web portals → digital public services
- saving, borrowing, budgeting → financial decision-making
独自30問
- Tokyo and Osaka expanded their subway networks.
- Buses and trains reduced dependence on private cars.
- Online forms and digital identification simplified applications.
- Saving, borrowing, and budgeting are important for young adults.
- Solar panels, wind farms, and batteries support the transition to cleaner energy.
- Schools in Tokyo, Kyoto, and Fukuoka introduced new financial courses.
- Three hospitals adopted remote consultation systems.
- Several museums created virtual tours and online archives.
- Flood barriers, drainage systems, and warning networks improve disaster preparedness.
- Internships at banks, hospitals, and technology firms provide practical experience.
- Local farmers used new irrigation equipment and drought-resistant crops.
- Residents used buses, bicycles, and walking routes to travel downtown.
- Companies introduced shorter meetings, flexible schedules, and hybrid work.
- Public libraries added e-books, online databases, and digital workshops.
- Governments introduced subsidies, tax incentives, and grants.
- Tourists visited beaches, historic districts, and museums.
- Students studied science, finance, and media literacy through projects.
- Several cities expanded parks, trees, and pedestrian areas.
- Researchers used surveys, interviews, and experiments.
- Hospitals improved screening, vaccination, and early treatment.
- Companies reduced paper use, energy consumption, and unnecessary travel.
- Universities offered internships, mentoring, and career counseling.
- Governments revised housing, transport, and consumer regulations.
- Residents reported noise, traffic, and pollution concerns.
- Digital services helped residents apply, pay, and check records online.
- Historic buildings, cultural festivals, and traditional crafts support local identity.
- Researchers compared adults, teenagers, and older residents.
- Remote meetings, shared documents, and messaging platforms improved coordination.
- Urban farms, community gardens, and local markets strengthened food networks.
- Emergency drills, evacuation maps, and warning apps improved preparedness.
抽象化するときに意味を広げすぎない
「Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya」を「all cities」とすると範囲が広すぎます。「major Japanese cities」なら原文の情報を保ちやすくなります。要約では、短くするために主張の範囲まで変更しないことが重要です。
90〜110語へ調整する
具体例が多い原文では、まず同じ種類の情報を一つの上位概念にまとめます。その後、中心主張・主要理由・重要な対比を残します。最後に語数を確認し、細かな固有名詞から削ります。
参考にした主な公式情報
- 公益財団法人 日本英語検定協会「1級の試験内容」
- 公益財団法人 日本英語検定協会「各級の審査基準」